New Andy2 - University of Nottingham · 2016. 11. 19. · 12/15/2015 3 Same R a value Pit or...
Transcript of New Andy2 - University of Nottingham · 2016. 11. 19. · 12/15/2015 3 Same R a value Pit or...
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• Build parameter adjustment
• Build orientation
• Powder characteristics
• Post processing
Published research Why has AM surface been measured?
• Build parameter adjustment
• Build orientation
• Powder characteristics
• Post processing
Function?
Published research Why has AM surface been measured?
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Focus variation [11%]
Confocal microscopy [11%]
SEM [11%]
Coherence scanning interferometry [8%]
Optical microscopy [7%]
Chromatic confocal [4%]
Conoscopic holography [4%]
(AFM [4%])
XCT [4%]
Raman spectrometer [4%]
(Review of 100+ publications)
Contact areal [4%] [1] Non-contact areal Contact stylus [40%]
Published research Measurement method
Microgeometry capture using an elastomeric sensor
Johnson, Micah K, Cole, Forrester, Raj, Alvin and Adelson, Edward H 2011 1.
Profile measurement (ISO 4287:1998)
• Ra (Arithmetic mean deviation of the assessed profile) [41%]
• Rq (Root mean square deviation of the assessed profile [std. dev.]) [18%]
• Rz (Maximum height of profile [within sampling length]) [12%]
• Rt (Total height of profile [within evaluation length]) [6%]
• Rsk (Skewness of the assessed profile) [6%]
• Rku (Kurtosis of the assessed profile) [6%]
• Material ratio curve of the profile (Abbott Firestone curve) [6%]
Published research Surface texture parameters
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Same Ra value
Pit or scratch? [1]
Published research Surface texture parameters
Why use areal surface texture measurement?
DMAC Meeting, University of Huddersfield. L. Blunt. 2006 1.
Areal measurements (ISO 25178-2:2012)
• Sa (Arithmetic mean height of the scale-limited surface) [12%]
• Sq (Root mean square height of the scale-limited surface) [6%]
• Sal (Autocorrelation length) [6%]
• Str (Texture aspect ratio) [6%]
• Std (Texture direction of the scale-limited surface) [6%]
• Sdr (Developed interfacial area ratio of the scale-limited surface) [6%]
• Sk (Core height) [6%]
• Spk(Reduced peak height) [6%]
• Svk (Reduced dale height) [6%]
• Smr2 (Areal material ratio [dales]) [6%]
• Vmp (Peak material volume of the scale-limited surface) [6%]
• Vmc (Core material volume of the scale-limited surface) [6%]
• Vvv (Core void volume of the scale-limited surface) [6%]
Published research Surface texture parameters
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Areal measurements (ISO 25178-2:2012)
• Sa (Arithmetic mean height of the scale-limited surface) [12%]
• Sq (Root mean square height of the scale-limited surface) [6%]
• Sal (Autocorrelation length) [6%]
• Str (Texture aspect ratio) [6%]
• Std (Texture direction of the scale-limited surface) [6%]
• Sdr (Developed interfacial area ratio of the scale-limited surface) [6%]
• Sk (Core height) [6%]
• Spk(Reduced peak height) [6%]
• Svk (Reduced dale height) [6%]
• Smr2 (Areal material ratio [dales]) [6%]
• Vmp (Peak material volume of the scale-limited surface) [6%]
• Vmc (Core material volume of the scale-limited surface) [6%]
• Vvv (Core void volume of the scale-limited surface) [6%]
Published research Surface texture parameters
Scale of interest?
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Scale of interest?
Dune buggy suspension?
Cut-off 500 m
Arithmetic mean height 10 m?
Scale of interest?
Dune buggy suspension?
Cut-off 500 m
Arithmetic mean height 10 m?
Wind-ripple generation?
Cut-off 0.2 m
Arithmetic mean height 2 cm?
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Scale of interest?
Dune buggy suspension?
Cut-off 500 m
Arithmetic mean height 10 m?
Wind-ripple generation?
Cut-off 0.2 m
Arithmetic mean height 2 cm?
Abrasiveness?
Cut-off 0.2 cm
Arithmetic mean height 0.1 mm?
Scale of interest?
Dune buggy suspension?
Cut-off 500 m
Arithmetic mean height 10 m?
Wind-ripple generation?
Cut-off 0.2 m
Arithmetic mean height 2 cm?
Abrasiveness?
Cut-off 0.2 cm
Arithmetic mean height 0.1 mm?
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Scale of interest?
DEFECT?
Scale of interest?
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Scale of interest?
µm
Scale of interest?
km
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New Horizons mission
NASA/JHUAPL/SwRI SEM image Ti6Al4V
Scale of interest?
SEM image AlSi10Mg
Scale of interest?
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SEM image AlSi10Mg
Scale of interest?
SEM image AlSi10Mg
Scale of interest?
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SEM image AlSi10Mg
Scale of interest?
Importance of AM surface topography
Defining a “good” surface based on functionality
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Importance of AM surface topography
Defining a “good” surface based on functionality
Linking a “good” surface to suitable surface inspection parameters
Importance of AM surface topography
Defining a “good” surface based on functionality
Linking a “good” surface to suitable surface inspection parameters
Linking surface inspection parameters to AM build variables
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Importance of AM surface topography
Defining a “good” surface based on functionality
Linking a “good” surface to suitable surface inspection parameters
Linking surface inspection parameters to AM build variables
Defining and standardising AM surface inspection parameters
SEM image AlSi10Mg
Metal powder bed fusion AM surface
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• Cube 10 mm per side • 100 µm powder thickness
• 100 µm line spacing
Approximate percentage of total surface area produced during the manufacturing process remaining as outside surface on
completion:
3%
Importance of AM surface topography
Embedded surface example (powder bed fusion)
Surface <-> porosity?
Reconstruction from xCT showing porosity analysis
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Which surface? Feature analysis -motif analysis and segmentation
AlSi10Mg sample, Renishaw AM250, Alicona Infinite Focus G4
• Extract “outcrops / peaks”
• Analyse underlying surface
• Analyse “outcrops / peaks”
• Process control?
Re-entrant features?