New American DiplomacySection 3 Chapter 17

Election of 1900

• President McKinley vs. Williams Jennings Bryan

• President McKinley was reelected. He was assassinated by an anarchist Leon Czolgosz in Buffalo, NY.

• Theodore Roosevelt becomes president at the age of 42.

Roosevelt Becomes President

• Sick and weak as a child he had developed a fighting spirit

• He mastered marksmanship, horseback riding, and go row 20 miles

• Boxed and wrestled throughout his life believing that conflict and competition could keep one healthy

• He believed in spreading American influence to the “less civilized” corners of the earth

American Diplomacy in Asia

• 1899 America was a major power in Asia, with naval bases all across the Pacific. America had become the third largest Naval power in the world.

• American business was excited about the potential for trade with China. Potential for trade of textile, oil, and steel industry.

The Open Door Policy

• Japan defeated China in a war in 1894. • Russia becomes concerned with the strength Japan

showed and demanded Manchuria from China instead it leased the territory

• Manchuria was controlled by Russia, but still belonged to China

• Britain and France demanded leaseholds in China as well• Each leasehold became the center of the countries sphere

of influence an area where a foreign nation controlled economic development such as railroad construction and mining

Open Door Policy continued

• American reaction to leases of France and Britain in china.

• America’s belief that all countries should be allowed to trade with China.

• Lease holding countries responded coolly, but Secretary John Hay who made the proposal accepted it and expected all others to abide by the plan

Boxer Rebellion

• With European influence increasing secret societies of native Chinese began to emerge who desired to take back control of the country.

• Westerners referred to the groups as “boxers”• The Boxers besieged embassies in Beijing killing

200 foreigners and taking others prisoner. • August 1900 an international force including the

United States stepped in and ended the rebellion.

Boxer Rebellion aftermath

• Secretary John Hay convinces the leaseholders to withhold from full scale retaliation.

• Encouraged the powers to accept compensation for their losses, but not to colonize China

• They do not colonize China and America is able to maintain their trade influence. China traded tea, spices, and silk and the United States had a large market for their goods.

Balancing Power in East Asia• War between Japan and Russia ends in 1905• President Roosevelt hosts peace conference in

Portsmouth, NH • Convinces Russia to recognize Japan’s territory and

Japan to discontinue their efforts to gain territory. Roosevelt wins the 1906 Noble Peace Prize.

• Tensions grew between Japan and the United States as they both seek to gain influence in Asia

• Several agreements were made to balance power and continue the “Open Door Policy”

“Great White Fleet”

• 16 Battleships of the United States Navy• Voyage around the world to showcase the

nation’s military might• The tour stopped in Japan to demonstrate to

Japan we would defend our influence in Asia. • Tensions between the two countries

continued throughout the early 1900’s

American Presence in the Caribbean

• The Panama Canal zone acquired in 1903• Viewed as vital to American power in the world

because it would save time and money for commerce and the military

• Hay-Pauncefote Treaty- Treaty with Britain stating the U.S. had exclusive rights to build a canal in Central America.

• Panama gains independence from Columbia and agrees to allow The U.S. to build the Panama Canal

Panama Canal Lock System

Roosevelt Corollary

• America would act to defend to maintain economic and political stability in the Western Hemisphere

• President William Howard Taft continued the policy after Roosevelt, but focused more on developing industry in Latin America and less on military action.

• Taft’s approach became known as “dollar diplomacy”

Conflict in Nicaragua

• President Taft had claimed to replace “bullets for dollars” in his style of diplomacy

• In Nicaragua he used both. American bankers began making loans to Nicaragua to support its shaky government.

• American Marines entered the country to end the civil unrest

• America stayed to support the country until 1925