New American Diplomacy

Teddy Roosevelt’s Rise to PowerIn 1900, President McKinley asked Roosevelt to run as his Vice-President.

McKinley was reelected by a wide margin and Teddy Roosevelt became the vice-president.

Teddy Roosevelt’s Rise to PowerOn Sept. 6 1901 , a President McKinley greeted the public during an appearance in Buffalo, NY, a gunman stepped from the crowd and shot the President.

A few days later McKinley died from his wounds and Teddy Roosevelt became the youngest person ever to become president of the U.S.

Teddy Roosevelt’s Rise to Power

Roosevelt became a strong proponent of increasing American power on a world stage.

He was a strong proponent of Anglo-Saxonism and felt America had a duty to shape the less civilized areas of the world.

Open Door Policy in China

The Open Door policy was already in place when Teddy Roosevelt became President.

As President he supported the Open Door Policy and worked to prevent any single nation from monopolizing trade there.

Russo –Japanese War 1905Trying to expand its own power in Asia, Japan began to ignore the Open Door policy. These actions led to the Russo-Japanese War. But by 1905 both nations were worn down and looking for peace.Teddy Roosevelt helped settle the conflict by negotiating the Treaty of Portsmouth which recognized Japan’s control of Korea in return for ending its continued push to expand.

Strained Japanese - U.S. RelationsDuring the Russo-Japanese War Japanese immigration increased greatly to the U.S.Many Americans resented the Japanese immigrants as newcomers who took their jobs.In 1906, the San Francisco Board of Education ordered all Asian students attend separate schools.

Strained Japanese - U.S. Relations

The Japanese government protested that a 1894 treaty had guaranteed Japanese living the U.S. would be treated well.They felt the U.S. broke that treatyPresident Roosevelt forced San Francisco to change its policy in return for a Gentleman’s Agreement to restrict Japanese immigration to the U.S.

Great White FleetAlthough he planned no war in 1907, Roosevelt sent 16 gleaming white ships on a tour around the world to impress other nations including the Japanese who soon resolved their differences with the U.S.The Great White Fleet put on world display America’s naval power.

Panama CanalTeddy Roosevelt wished to build a canal across Central America to connect her two oceans and newly acquired territories, thereby ending the long voyage around South America.

The French had a contract to build a canal in the Columbian province of Panama, an isthmus (a strip of land connecting two larger bodies of land)The French had failed at building the canal and the U.S. bought the lease from the French for $40 million.

Panama CanalIn 1903, Secretary Hays negotiated a treaty for a 99 year lease on the land in exchange for $10 million and an annual rent of $250,000. (Hay-Pauncefote Treaty)Columbian opposition grew against the deal. This angered President Roosevelt.

Panama CanalHe used the Big Stick Foreign policy to support Panamanian rebels in a revolt against Columbia and intervened against Columbia when they sent troops. (Nov. 3, 1903)

Roosevelt had the U.S. Navy with U.S. Marines prevent Columbian troops from entering into Panama to put down the rebellion.

Panama CanalOn Nov. 6, 1903 the U.S. recognized Panama’s independence and Hays signed a new treaty with the country of Panama.Some members of Congress were angered by Roosevelt’s actions but Roosevelt replied: “I took the canal zone and let Congress debate.”

Panama Canal

Building the CanalWorkers in Panama faced many hardships including heat , a damp tropical jungle, and mosquitoes that swarmed and carried many diseases including yellow fever and malaria.

Colonel William Gorgas, an Army doctor went to Panama to fight the diseases.

Gorgas instructed workers to drain swamps, spray insecticide, spread oil on stagnant pools of water, and cut grassy marshes in order to destroy mosquito breeding.

Building the CanalBy 1906, the measures eliminated most diseases

Without disease the canal was finished and is regarded as one of the greatest engineering feats of all time.

Roosevelt Corollary

Monroe Doctrine- 1823 James Monroe told European nations to stay out of Western Hemisphere.1903 Germany, Italy and Britain threatened to use force to make Venezuela to pay back debt.

Roosevelt Corollary- (1904) Roosevelt restated Monroe Doctrine, it was an extension to it and called for U.S. to be “police man” for hemisphere.

He warned Europe not to intervene in Latin American affairs.