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Wireless Solar Based Robotic Vehicle

Introduction: Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into

electricity, either directly using photovoltaic (PV), or indirectly usingconcentrated solar power (CSP). Concentrated solar power systems use

lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight

into a small beam. Photovoltaic convert light into electric current using

the photoelectric effect. Solar power has become increasing practical

over the last several years. t has gone from a relatively e!pensive source

of electricity to a reasonably economical one. "ut even beyond the

money it can save you on your electrical bill, solar power has

tremendous advantages for your home. n this pro#ect we will design awirelessly controlled car system(a protoype) in which the car unit will

derive power with the help of the solar panel unit. $he remote unit will

be through a battery.

Block Diagram:

Transmitter Unit:

BATTER

Y

HT12

E

RF

TRANSMITTER

ANTENN

A

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Receiver Unit:

Description:

$he following are the ma#or components used in this pro#ect%

Solar Panel

&echargeable battery

&' transmitter ( *+)

&' receiver ( *+)

+$-/ 0 +$-1

231 and motors

Solar panel:

4 solar panel (photovoltaic module or photovoltaic panel)

is a packaged, interconnected assembly of solar cells, also known

asphotovoltaic cells. $he solar panel can be used as a component of a

BATTERY

CHARGEAB

LE

Char

HT12

D

RF RECEIVER ANTENN

A

SOLAR

PANEL

MOTO

RDRIVER

MOTOR

S

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larger photovoltaic system to generate and supply electricity in

commercial and residential applications.

"ecause a single solar panel can produce only a limited amount of

power, many installations contain several panels. 4 photovoltaic

system typically includes an array of solar panels, an inverter, and

sometimes a battery and interconnection wiring.

Rechargeable batter: 4 rechargeable battery or storage battery is agroup of one or more electrochemical cells. $hey are known

as secondary cells because their electrochemical reactions are

electrically reversible. &echargeable batteries come in many different

shapes and sies, ranging anything from a button cell to megawatt

systems connected to stabilie an electrical distribution network

RF Transmitter: $his is essentially a &' transmitter that transmits

encoded signals. t can be further classified into following parts%

!"#$D!R% $his part converts the digital data into an encrypted data

that can be transmitted over &' channels. $he encoder used here is+$-/ which can be used to encrypt bit data. $he encrypted data is

a serial digital signal.

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TR%"S&ITT!R% $his part takes the encrypted data from

transmitter and transmits it in form of &adio 're5uency. $he

transmitter used here is 4S6 *+ &'7$8 modules.

.

2. R' R!#I!V!R:$his reader is basically a &' receiver that receives

encoded signals decodes them .t can be further classified into following

parts%

R!#I!V!R% t receives the encrypted data in form of &' waves and

converts it into electronic signals. $he receiver used here is 4S6 *+ &'7&8 modules.

D!#$D!R% $his part decrypts the data to yield the digital data.

+$-1 has been used here which is compatible with +$-/ module.

$he output is the digital data in a bit format.

&$T$R DRIV!R

+ere we used 231 to drive the motors, whatever signals it receives

from the microcontroller on the basis of that it will drive the motors.

4n ()bridgeis an electronic circuit which enables a voltage to be

applied across a load in either direction. $hese circuits are often used

in robotics and other applications to allow 1C motors to run forwards

and backwards. +7bridges are available as integrated circuits, or can be

built from discrete components

D# &$T$R

n any electric motor, operation is based on simple electromagnetism. 4

current7carrying conductor generates a magnetic field9 when this is then

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placed in an e!ternal magnetic field, it will e!perience a force

proportional to the current in the conductor, and to the strength of the

e!ternal magnetic field. 4s you are well aware of from playing with

magnets as a kid, opposite (:orth and South) polarities attract, while likepolarities (:orth and :orth, South and South) repel. $he internal

configuration of a 1C motor is designed to harness the magnetic

interaction between a current7carrying conductor and an e!ternal

magnetic field to generate rotational motion

%dvantages:

;f course, the amount of power you can generate is limited by the

amount of sunlight you get. "ut even in areas with a lot of clouds it

is possible to generate some electricity.

Perhaps the greatest

advantage of solar power is 5uite simply the ine!haustible supply

4nother advantage is that the generation of solar power does not

cause pollution. ;nce the solar panels are created they generate

electricity without any emissions. $here is even work being done

toward making the recycling of solar panels more effective.

Solar power is perfect for power generation in remote areas. t

costs far less to install solar panels in some areas than it would to

run power lines out.