Neutralization
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1 TITRATION CURVES TITRATION CURVES K (A) (A) + + (R) (R) (P) (P) analyte titrant product ration curves: ration curves: Strong acid Strong acid with strong base strong base , , Strong base Strong base with str str Weak acid Weak acid with strong base strong base , , Weak base Weak base with strong ac strong ac Polyprotic acid Polyprotic acid with strong base strong base Important points and Important points and regions regions : : 2 points: before titration before titration (at 0%) I. I. [ [ A A ] ] at the end point at the end point (at 100 %) III. III. [ [ A A ] ] = = [ [ R R ] ] 2 regions: before the end point before the end point (0.00..1 – 99.99…%) II. II. [ [ A A ] ] + + [ [ P P ] ] after the end point after the end point (100.00..1 – ∞) IV. IV. [ [ P P ] ] + + [ [ R R ] ] NEUTRALIZATION NEUTRALIZATION ANALYSIS ANALYSIS Introduction Titrants Titration Titration curves curves End point detection Applications Outline NEUTRALIZATION ANALYSIS NEUTRALIZATION ANALYSIS
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Neutralization
Transcript of Neutralization
1TITRATION CURVES TITRATION CURVES K(A) (A)++(R) (R)(P) (P)analyte titrantproduct Titration curves: Titration curves:1. 1. Strong acid Strong acidwith strong ase strong ase! ! Strong ase Strong asewith strong acid strong acid". ". #ea$ acid #ea$ acid with strong ase strong ase! ! #ea$ ase #ea$ ase with strong acid strong acid%. %. Polyprotic acid Polyprotic acid with strong ase strong ase&'portant points and&'portant points and regions regions: :" points: e(ore titration e(ore titration(at 0%) &. &. ) )A A* *at the end point at the end point(at 100 %) &&&. &&&. ) )A A* * ++ ) )R R* *" regions: e(ore the end point e(ore the end point(0.00..1 99.99%) &&. &&. ) )A A* * ++ ) )P P* *a(ter the end point a(ter the end point (100.00..1 ) &,. &,. ) )P P* * ++ ) )R R* *-./TRA0&1AT&2- -./TRA0&1AT&2-A-A03S&S A-A03S&SIntroductionTitrantsTitration curves Titration curvesEnd point detectionApplicationsOutline-./TRA0&1AT&2- A-A03S&S-./TRA0&1AT&2- A-A03S&S2TITRATION CURVESTITRATION CURVES&. &. At the start: At the start: 45l45l++-a24 -a245l 5l6 6+ + -a -a+ +(4 (4" "2)2) acid acid1 1++asease" "ase ase1 1+ +acid acid" "(very wea$) (very wea$) e.g.1. 1. Strong acid Strong acid with strong ase strong ase! !Strong ase Strong asewith strong acid strong acid&&. &&. 7e(ore the end point: 7e(ore the end point: )4+* + )4%2+*+)45l*unreacted)246* + )-a24*unreactedp4 +6 lg )45l*unreactedp24 + 6 lg )-a24*unreacted&&&. &&&. At the end point: At the end point: )4+* 8 )246* K# +1961:p4 8 ;&,. &,. A(ter the end point: A(ter the end point: )246* + )-a24*e)246 6* + K * + Kw w + 19 + 1961: 61:-eutr -eutr. po . poi int: p4 +nt: p4 + ; ;Outline-./TRA0&1AT&2- -./TRA0&1AT&2-A-A03S&S A-A03S&SIntroductionTitrantsTitration curves Titration curvesEnd point detectionApplications1999Titration curves: Titration curves:1. 1. Strong acid Strong acidwith strong ase strong ase! ! Strong ase Strong asewith strong acid strong acid". ". #ea$ acid #ea$ acid with strong ase strong ase! ! #ea$ ase #ea$ ase with strong acid strong acid%. %. Polyprotic acidPolyprotic acid with strong ase strong ase.AA.5TS 2- T4. T&TRAT&2- 5/R,.:.AA.5TS 2- T4. T&TRAT&2- 5/R,.: 4EFFECTS ON THE TITRATION CURVEEFFECTS ON THE TITRATION CURVE". Bependence on the initial concentrations (e.g.". Bependence on the initial concentrations (e.g. ) )45l 45l* *): ): [HCl]00% 50% 90% 99% 99.9% 100% 100.1% 101% 110%1 N 0 0,3 1 2 3 7 11 12 1301 N 1 1,3 2 3 ! 7 10 11 12001 N 2 2,3 3 4 5 7 9 10 110001 N 3 3,3 4 5 " 7 # 9 10p% % 66 11 11:: 66 19 19@ @ 66 C C? ? 66 D D p c!ange around t!e end point1999-./TRA0&1AT&2- -./TRA0&1AT&2-A-A03S&S A-A03S&SIntroductionTitrantsTitration curves Titration curvesEnd point detectionApplicationsOutline5%. Bependence on the acid strength (dissociation constants): %. Bependence on the acid strength (dissociation constants):A. #ea$ acid A. #ea$ acid with strong ases strong ases "EFFECTS ON THE TITRATION CURVEEFFECTS ON THE TITRATION CURVE1999-./TRA0&1AT&2- -./TRA0&1AT&2-A-A03S&S A-A03S&SIntroductionTitrantsTitration curves Titration curvesEnd point detectionApplicationsOutlinee.g. 1961 - 54 54% %5224 5224 is titrated with -a24 -a24(#a $ %&10')% % 0 50 90 99 99.9 100 100.1 101 110$H 2.9 4.7 5.7 6.7 7.7 #.9 10 11 12pp#Ind ( C C ) P4.-20P4TA0.&- P4.-20P4TA0.&-7. 7. #ea$ ase #ea$ ase with strong acid strong acid% % 0 50 90 99 99.9 100 100.1 101 110$H 11.1 9.3 8.3 7.3 ".3 5.1 ! 3 2pp#Ind ( @@ ) E.T430 R.B E.T430 R.Be.g. 1961 - -4 -4: :2424is titrated with 45l 45l(#* $ %&10')6TITRATION CURVESTITRATION CURVES&. At the start: &. At the start: p4&&. &&. #ea$ acid #ea$ acid with strong asestrong ase#ea$ ase #ea$ ase with strong acid strong acid#ea$ acid #ea$ acid #ea$ ase #ea$ ase[ ]*ase *+ # , =[ ]acid a+ #=+[ ] [ ] +,, + # - a=+[ ] [ ] , . # ,/ *=&&. 7e(ore the end point: &&. 7e(ore the end point: p47u((er (acid F salt) 7u((er (acid F salt) 7u((er (ase F salt) 7u((er (ase F salt)[ ]saltacida++#=+[ ]salt*ase*++# , =[ ][ ][ ]+=// *., . #, [ ][ ][ ]+=+,, ++,, + #
-- a&&&. At the end point: &&&. At the end point: p4 4ydrolysing salt (7rGnsted ase) 4ydrolysing salt (7rGnsted ase) 4ydrolysing salt (7rGnsted acid) 4ydrolysing salt (7rGnsted acid)[ ]salta0+##, =[ ]salt *+ # , =[ ] [ ] = +,, + # ,- *&,. A(ter the end point: &,. A(ter the end point: p4.
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