Neurons, the Action Potential, etc.
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description
Slides for our discussion of Cognitive Neuroscience by Gazzaniga, et al. chapter 2.
Transcript of Neurons, the Action Potential, etc.
Neurons
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
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Associationneuron
Cellbody
Motorneuron
Axon
Dendrites
Sensoryneuron
Direction ofconduction
Cell body
Dendrites
Cell body
Axon
Axon
Dendrites
Axons
Figure 12-31 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)
Glial Cells
Roughly 3 times more glia than neurons
Astrocytes
StructuralGlycogen fuel reserve bufferMetabolic supportBlood–brain barrier?Transmitter uptake and releaseRegulation of ion concentration
in the extracellular spaceModulation of synaptic transmissionVasomodulationPromotion of the myelinating activity
of oligodendrocytesNervous system repairLong-term potentiation
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Maintain an appropriate chemical environment for neuronal signaling
Microglia
Macrophagesof the CNS
ScavengingPhagocytosisCytotoxicityAntigen presentationSynaptic strippingPromotion of repairExtracellular signaling
Oligodendrocytes
A.M. BUTT, K. COLQUHOUN, AND M. BERRY
Schwann Cells
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Dendrites
Schwanncell
Schwanncell
Axon
Nucleus
Schwanncell
Axon
Myelin sheath
Myelinsheath
Axon
Myelin
“...fatty substance that surrounds the axons of many neurons.”
“...wrapping their cell membranes around the axon in a concentric manner.”
Water: 40%
Remainder: 70 - 85% Lipids15 - 30% Proteins
Action Potential
MembraneDepolarization
Figure 12-33 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)
Voltage-GatesSodium Channels
Figure 12-34 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)
Figure 12-35 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)
MembraneRepolarization
Voltage-GatedPotassium Channels
Figure 12-29 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)
Figure 12-39b Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)
SynapticTransmission
Figure 12-40a Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)
Figure 12-40b Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)
Voltage-GatedCalcium Channels
Figure 12-41 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)
Figure 12-42 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)
Figure 5.14 Molecular mechanisms of exocytosis during neurotransmitter release (Part 2)
Figure 5.9 Local recycling of synaptic vesicles in presynaptic terminals (Part 2)
Neurotransmitters
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Figure 5.3 Sequence of events involved in transmission at a typical chemical synapse
Figure 5.23 Events from neurotransmitter release to postsynaptic excitation or inhibition
Figure 12-45b Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)
Figure 12-45a Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)
NeurotransmitterBiosynthesis
Small Molecules
Figure 5.5 Metabolism of small-molecule and peptide transmitters (Part 1)
Figure 5.5 Metabolism of small-molecule and peptide transmitters (Part 2)
Neuropeptides(Peptide Neurotransmitters)
β-endorphin
Figure 5.5 Metabolism of small-molecule and peptide transmitters (Part 3)
Figure 5.5 Metabolism of small-molecule and peptide transmitters (Part 4)
Electrical Synapses
Figure 5.1 Structure of electrical synapses (Part 1)
Gap Junctions
Figure 5.1 Structure of electrical synapses (Part 3)
Figure 5.1 Structure of electrical synapses (Part 2)
Axon
Glial Cell
Axon
Axon
Myelin
Axon
