neuroglia.pptx

7/30/2019 neuroglia.pptx

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NEUROGLIAThe Other Half of the Brain


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SOME INTERESTING FACTS

Neurons cannot function properly without glial cells.

Comprise half the total volume of brain and spinal cord- Outnumberneurons by 5-10 times.

Einsteins brain had more number of glial cells especially in the associationcortex.

Glia can undergo mitosis.

Play roles in learning

Glial communicate among themselves and neurons

Associated with various neurological disorders.


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GLIAL CELLS

Non neuronal cells that make up most of cells in brain

First described by pathologist Rudolf Virchow in 1856

Smaller than neurons

Origin-embryonic neuro-ectoderm

Earlier considered just as supporting cells

New studies reveal bigger roles in formation operation and

adaptation of neural circuitry.


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% OF GLIA

BRAIN TYPE % GLIA

NEMATODE VERY FEW

DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER 25

MOUSE 65

HUMAN 90

ELEPHANT 97


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RATIOS


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FUNCTIONS

1. Support neurons-provide brain structure

2. Insulate nerve cell action-myelin formation

3. Removes debris on neuronal death

4. Improve efficiency of signalling-synapse properties

5. Brain development-radial glia

6. Forms BBB-prevents toxic substances

7. Nourish nerve cells

8. Learning and information processing


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S

Y

S

T

E

M

C

O

M

P

O

N

E

N

T

S

Glia

Macroglia

Astrocytes

Oligodendrocytes

Ependymal cells

Radial Glia

Schwann

Satellite

Enteric glial cells

Microglia


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MICROGLIA

Smallest neuroglia

Found throughout CNS

Migrated from blood.

Functions

Activates in inflammatory condition

Acts like macrophages in brain


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ASTROCYTES

Star shaped cell bodies with branches in all

directions.

Functions

Physical support

Clear neural debris

Nourishment of neurons


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OLIGODENDROCYTES

Cell bodies with very few delicate process

Found in rows along myelinated nerves

Functions

Form myelin sheath

Insulation of neurons Efficient conduction of action potential.


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EPENDYMAL

Form single layer of cuboidal or columnar cells

Functions

Circulation of CSF within cavities of brain

Absorptive and transport function-hormone control

Production and secretion of CSF


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SCHWANN

Supporting Cells in PNS

Function

Myelin formation in PNS

Clean PNS debris

Regrowth of pNS axons


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REFERENCES

Clinical neuroanatomy by Richard S Snell

Principles of Neural Science by E R Kandel, J H Schwartz, TM Jessel

Fundamental Neuroscience by Squire, et al.

Gliamore than just brain glue by Nicola J. Allen and BenA. Barres,Neuroscience,2009

Neuroscience. 2nd edition. By Purves D, Augustine GJ,Fitzpatrick D, et al.


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THANK YOUPresented By

VARSHA V

Phd Student

IDP-Bioengineering

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