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Networking Technology for the Broadcast Engineer – The Next Level:

Routing and SwitchingRouting and Switching

Wayne M. Pecena, CPBE, 8‐VSB, AMD, DRB, CBNT

Texas A&M University

Networking Technology for the Broadcast Engineer – The Next Level: Routing and Switching

Advertised Presentation Scope:Advertised Presentation Scope:

The webinar will build upon the Webinars by SBE Networking for the Broadcast Engineer, parts 1 and 2 by focusing upon IP Routingand Switching. The focus will incorporate an intensive and detailed explanation of routing and switching protocols with emphasis on applications in a IP based broadcast technical plant to include implementation specific topics.

The goal of this webinar is to provide the Broadcast Engineer with a better understanding of IP routing and switching so that the technology may be implemented within his or her own network. Design examples will utilize typical industry network equipment with configuration implementation details. Detailed configuration and implementation notes will be provided for each design example.

Goals & Deliverables:What Can You Expect in the Next Hour?

‐ Basic Understanding of Applying Fundamentals & Best PracticesWhere to Obtain Further Knowledge‐Where to Obtain Further Knowledge

The Next Level: Routing & Switching 2

Agenda

• TCPIP Fundamentals – 10 Minute ReviewWh R Wh S i h?• Why Route – Why Switch?

• Routing– Overview of Routing Protocols– Detailed Overview of Interior Gateway Protocols– Which Routing Protocol Do I Use?– Routing Configuration Design Example

• Switching– Overview of Switching Protocols

VLAN I l i D i E l– VLAN Implementation Design Example– Switching Security Concerns and Capability– Switching Configuration Design Example

• Layer 3 SwitchingI t ti R ti d S it hi• Integrating Routing and Switching

• QoS Implementation• Q & A ‐ References


TCPIP Fundamentals – 10 Minute ReviewT i LiTopic List

• The OSI Model

• OSI Model & Encapsulation

• The Ethernet Frame

• The IP PacketThe IP Packet

• TCP vs UDP

• IP Address Classes

S b i• IP Subnetting

• VLSM & CIDR

• IP Address Formats

• NAT / PAT

• Ports & Sockets


TCP/IP Networking Basics Begins With the OSI M d lModel

A Layer Only Interacts With the Layer Below It

A Layer Only Provides Capability for the Layer Above to Interact With It

“All People Seem To Need Data Processing”


OSI Model & Encapsulation


Ethernet Frame – Layer 2IEEE 802.3


IP Packet – Layer 3RFC 791


TCP / UDPTCP / UDP

TCPRFC 793

UDPRFC 768RFC 793

• “Connection – Oriented” Protocol

RFC 768

• A “Simple” Protocol

• “Best Effort” – Non‐Guaranteed • Guaranteed Or Reliable Data

Delivery– Acknowledgment of Packet

R i t

Data Delivery

• Low Overhead = Fast

• Why Use?Receipt

– Retransmission Occurs if Packet Not Received or Error Occurs

• High Overhead Slow

– Required for Real‐Time

– Latency More Detrimental Than Data Loss• High Overhead = Slow Than Data Loss

9The Next Level: Routing & Switching

IP Address Classes“Classful” Public & Private

• Class A – 126 Networks / 16,777,214 Hosts– 1.0.0.0 to 126.0.0.0

– PRIVATE ‐ 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255

• Class B – 16,384 Networks / 65,534 Hosts– 128 0 0 0 to 191 255 0 0128.0.0.0 to 191.255.0.0

– PRIVATE ‐ 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255

• Class C – 2 097 152 Networks / 254 Hosts• Class C – 2,097,152 Networks / 254 Hosts– 192.0.0.0 to 192.255.255.0

– PRIVATE ‐ 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255

10 The Next Level: Routing & Switching

IP Address Classes“32 Bit Doted Decimal Notation”

IPv4 Provides 232 or 4,294,967,296 IP Addresses


SubnettingSubnetting

• What is a Subnet?– Logical Subdivision of a Larger Network

• Why Do We Subnet?• Why Do We Subnet?• Efficient Use of IP Address Space• Enhance Routing Efficiency – Reduce Routing Table Size• Network Management Policy and Segmentation• Job Security for Network Engineers!


VLSM & CIDRVLSM & CIDR

VLSMRFC 1009

CIDRRFC 1517 1518 1519 1520RFC 1009

• Variable Length Subnet Masking (VLSM)

– Host Addressing & Routing Inside a Routing Domain

RFC 1517, 1518, 1519, 1520• Classless Interdomain Routing (CIDR)

– Class System No Longer Applies

– Routing Between Routing DomainsRouting Domain

– Allowed “Classless” Subnetting

• Mask Information is Explicit

– Allows More Efficient Use of Address

– Routing Between Routing Domains

– Allows “Supernets” To Be Created

• Combining a Group of Class C Addresses Into a Single Block

Space – Taylor Address Space to Fit Network Needs

– Allows You to Subnet a Subnet

– CIDR Notation (slanted notation):172.16.1.1 /16

Example:Classful Addressing 165.95.240.136 Implied Mask 255.255.0.0VLSM Add i 165 95 240 136 E li it M k 255 255 255 192

13

VLSM Addressing 165.95.240.136 Explicit Mask 255.255.255.192CIDR Notation 165.95.240.136/26

The Next Level: Routing & Switching

IP Subnetting ExampleIP Subnetting Example

/24 = 254 hosts/27 = 30 hosts/28 14 h t


/28 = 14 hosts

IP Address FormatsIP Address Formats

Classful Addressing:165.95.240.136(Implied Mask 255.255.0.0)(Implied Mask 255.255.0.0)

VLSM Addressing:165 95 240 136 255 255 255 192165.95.240.136 255.255.255.192(Explicit Mask 255.255.255.192)

CIDR Notation:165.95.240.136/26


Network Address Translation – NATRFC 1631

• Allows Mapping Internal (private) Address Space to External (public) Address Space

– Allows Internal IP Addresses to be Hid (Security)

– Can Conserve IP Address Spacep


Port‐Based Network Address Translation – PATor “NAT Overload”

• Allows Mapping Internal (private) Address Space to a Single External (public) Address or Small Address Pool– Allows Multiple Internal Addresses to Share a Single Public Address

– Translation In Place for Duration of Connection

– Outside Users CANNOT Establish A Connection to an Internal Host


Ports & SocketsPorts & Sockets

PortsRFC 1700 SocketsRFC 1700

• Allows Datagram Multiplexing Between Applications

• Port Numbers Can Be Between 0

Sockets

• A “Socket” Is a Combination of an IP Address & A Port Number

• Used for Client Server Application• Port Numbers Can Be Between 0 ‐65535

– 0–1023 Are Considered Reserved

– 1024–49151 Can Be Registered

• Used for Client‐Server Application Interaction

• IP Address + Port Number = Socket

Socket: 10 10 10 10:80– 1024 49151 Can Be Registered

– 49152–65535 Are Considered Dynamic or Private

• TCP and UDP Port Numbers Are

Socket: 10.10.10.10:80

TCP and UDP Port Numbers Are Independent


Why Route – Why Switch?Why Route Why Switch?

Broadcast Domain

CollisionDomain

CollisionDomain

RouterCollisionDomain

CollisionDomain

19

Broadcast Domain


Routing FundamentalsRouting Fundamentals

• Routing is Simply Moving Data From One Network to Another g p y gNetwork

20

All Routers Are Aware of All NetworksThe Next Level: Routing & Switching

Routing ProtocolsRouting Protocols

• Routing is Simply the Moving of Data Across Networks

• OSI Model Layer 3 Process

• Routing Involves Two Processes:

– Determining the Best Path The Hard Part

– Actually Sending of the Data The Easy Part

• Static Routing– Stub Routing (used when only one path exists)

• Dynamic Routing– Path is Automatically Determined

• Interior Gateway Protocols (RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, OSPF)– Distance‐Vector– Distance‐Vector

– Link‐State

• Exterior Gateway Protocols (BGP)– Hides Internal Topology of the Network


Classful RoutingClassful Routing

Host 1

Router A

165.95.240.0/24

165.95.241.0/24 165.95.245.0/24

Router B Router C

Host 3

165.95.242.0/24

165.95.243.0/24

165.95.244.0/24


Host 3Host 2

Classless RoutingClassless RoutingHost 1

165 95 240 64/27

Router A

165.95.240.64/27

165.95.241.0/30 165.95.245.0/30

Router B Router C165.95.243.0/30

Host 3Host 2

165.95.240.32/27 165.95.240.96/27


Host 2

Static vs Dynamic RoutingStatic vs Dynamic Routing

STATIC ROUTING DYNAMIC ROUTING

Complexity Increases With Network Complexity IndependentNetwork Size

Human Intervention Required Automatically Adapts to Topology

Simple Topology Suited Complex Topology Suited

Secure Less Secure

Routing Predictable Routing Dependant Upon CurrentTopologyTopology

Less Skill Required Higher Skill Level Required

Reduced Hardware Requirements Increased Hardware Requirements


Reduced Hardware Requirements Increased Hardware Requirements

Routing Metric TerminologyRouting Metric Terminology

• Hop CountHop Count

• Bandwidth

d• Load

• Delay

• Reliability

• CostCost


Routing ProtocolsRouting Protocols


Distance‐Vector Routing Protocols

• “Routing by Rumor” – The Overall Network is Unknown, Only Directly Connected Neighbors Are Known by Each Router

R ti D i i B d U “Di t ” M t i d “Di ti ” V t t D ib• Routing Decision Based Upon a “Distance” or Metric and “Direction” or Vector to Describe the “Next‐Hop”


Link‐State Routing ProtocolsLink State Routing Protocols

• Network Topology Information is Flooded Throughout the Network

• Each Router Determines its Own “Best Path”


Routing Protocols

• Interior Gateway Protocols– Used Within the Same Autonomous System (AS)

RIP RIP 2 IGRP EIGRP OSPFRIP RIPv2 IGRP EIGRP OSPF

VLSM Support No Yes No Yes Yes

Convergence Slow Slow Medium Fast Fast

Configuration Easy Easy Medium Medium Hard

Scalability Poor Poor Good Good Good

Interoperability Yes Yes No No Yes

• Exterior Gateway Protocols– Used Between Autonomous Systems

p y Yes Yes No No Yes

y• BGP


Routing Consideration SummaryRouting Consideration Summary

• Static RoutingStatic Routing– Appropriate for Small Networks

– Appropriate for Stable Networks

– Use in “Stub” Networks

– Minimal Hardware / Easy Administration

• Dynamic Routing– Appropriate for Changing Topology Environments

– Desirable When Multiple Paths Exist

– More Scalable

– Less Configuration Error ProneLess Configuration Error Prone


A Routing ExampleA Routing Example


Switching FundamentalsSwitching Fundamentals

• Legacy Ethernet Used Hubs– An “Ethernet DA” of sorts – All Bits Go to All Ports

– High Collision Level Due to Shared Media(40‐50% of Bandwidth Consumed by Collision Recovery)

– High Collision Level Yields High Latency

• Switches Allow Segmentation of Network– Allows Dedicated Bandwidth and Point‐Point Communications

– Increased Throughput Due to Zero or Minimal Collisions

– Allows Full‐Duplex Operation

– Increased Security CapabilityIncreased Security Capability

• Switches Selectively Forward Individual “Frames” from a Receiving Port to a Destination Portto a Destination Port


Switching FundamentalsSwitching Fundamentals

• Switches Allow Segmentation of Network– Allows Dedicated Bandwidth and Creates Point‐Point Communication

– Increased Throughput Due to Zero or Minimal Collisions

– Provides Full‐Duplex Operation

– Increased Security Capability

S i h S l i l d di id l “ ” f i i• Switches Selectively Forward Individual “Frames” from a Receiving Port to a Destination Port

– Builds Internal Table of Destination Address on each Port

Forwards Ethernet Frame if in Table– Forwards Ethernet Frame if in Table

– Floods Ports if Broadcast Frame


Ethernet Switch FunctionsEthernet Switch Functions

• Learning MAC Addresses

• Aging – How Long is a MAC Address Maintained?

• Flooding

• Selective Forwardingg

• Filtering


A Simple MAC Table ExampleA Simple MAC Table Example


MAC AddressesMAC Addresses

• Media Access Control “MAC” Address

• Unique Hardware Encoded Address– Burned In Address

– Physical Address

“ f ”– “Spoofing”

• Hexadecimal Format: 12:3A:4D:66:3A:1C or FF‐FF‐FF‐FF‐FF‐FF

• Switches “Learn” a Table of MAC Addresses• Switches Learn a Table of MAC Addresses

– MAC Table – Maps Destination MAC Addresses to a Port


Switching Types“Forwarding Method”

• Store – and – Forward

– Receives the Entire Frame Then Makes Decision

– Drops Any Errored Frame Based Upon CRC

– SLOW! (but insures no frame errors)SLOW! (but insures no frame errors)

• Cut – Through

Look Only @ Destination Address in Header of the Frame– Look Only @ Destination Address in Header of the Frame

– FAST! (but no error checking)

F F ( difi d C Th h)• Fragment Free (modified Cut‐Through)

– Known as “Runt Free” Switching


VLANSIEEE 802.1Q

• Virtual Local Area Network – VLAN– Logical Network of a Physical Network

• Allows Separation of Networks Across a Common Physical Media– Creates Subset of Larger Network

– Control Broadcast Domains

– Architecture Flexibility

– Security

S i d ( )• Static Port Based VLAN(s)– Most Popular

– Manual Configuration

D i P t B d• Dynamic Port Based– MAC‐Based VLAN(s)

• Assignment Based Upon MAC Address

– Protocol‐Based VLAN(s)( )• Assignment Based Upon Protocol


Switch Port Security“P L kd ”“Port Lockdown”

• An Important Feature of Implementing SwitchAn Important Feature of Implementing Switch Infrastructure

• Port Security Aspects:y p– One MAC Address Per Port

• Dynamic

St ti• Static

– n MAC Addresses Per Port

– Unused Ports Disabled

– MAC Violation Action

– VLAN Specified Per Port


VLAN TrunkingVLAN Trunking

PublicInternet

Sub-Interfaces:eth0/1.1 VLAN 1eth0/1.2 VLAN 2eth0/1.3 VLAN 3

Router

Switch 3Switch 1

Switch 2

VLAN VLAN VLAN VLAN1 2 3 4

VLAN VLAN VLAN VLAN1 2 3 4VLAN VLAN

2 3


VLAN ExamplePhysical Representation of Previous Diagram

Switch Port Type Configuration:

Access Link – Member of One VLAN Only Connects to a Host

41

yTrunk Link – Carries Traffic From Multiple VLANS Between Switches


Spanning Tree Protocol “STP”Spanning Tree Protocol STP

Switch A Switch A

Switch C

Switch BSwitch C

Switch B

Switch D Switch D

STP Operation:1 - Determine Root Bridge2 - Select Root Port3 Select Designated Ports

Switch E Switch E

Switched Topology ExampleActive Topology After

3 - Select Designated Ports4 - Block Ports with Loops


Switched Topology Example Spanning Tree Example

Why Route – Why Switch?Why Route Why Switch?

Broadcast Domain

WHY ROUTE?“Breaks the Broadcast Domain”

CollisionDomain

CollisionDomain

RouterCollisionDomain

CollisionDomain

WHY SWITCH?“Breaks the Collision Domain”

43

Broadcast Domain


Routing & Switching SummaryRouting & Switching Summary

SiSiSiSiSiSi


What Is A “Layer 3” Switch?What Is A Layer 3 Switch?

• “Marketing Terminology” Applied to a One Box Solution:

– Layer 2 Bridging

• Traditionally Performed in Hardware

– Layer 3 Routing

• Traditionally Performed in Software

• Layer 3 Switch Performs Layer 3 Routing in Hardware

• Eliminates Use of VLAN(s) – Each Port Can Be Assigned to a Subnet

• Not for All Environments• Not for All Environments– Typically Found in Workgroup Environment

– Limited to Ethernet

– Limited to OSPF and RIP Protocols


Layer “XX” Switch SummaryLayer XX Switch Summary

• Layer 1 Switch = A Simple Hub

• Layer 2 Switch = Traditional Data‐Link Layer Switching

L 3 S it h P f L 3 F di D i i• Layer 3 Switch = Performs Layer 3 Forwarding Decisions

• Layer 4 Switch = Implements Transport‐Layer Flow Decisions– QoSQoS

• Layer 7 Switch = Provides Applications Level Functionality– Load Balancing

– Content Management


Quality of Service – “QoS”Quality of Service QoS

• Why QoS?

– Allows Network Traffic to Be Prioritized Based Upon Application• Streaming Media

• IP Telephony

• Real‐Time Control (automation)

• Mission Critical Applications

– Network Factors Impacting Quality:

• Throughput

• Dropped Packets

• Errors

• Latency

• Jitter

• Packet Delivery Out of Order• Packet Delivery Out‐of‐Order


QoS continued…..QoS continued…..

• Implementing QoS

– VLAN Implementation

– Bandwidth Over Provisioning

– Traffic ShapingTraffic Shaping

– DiffServ Implementation• Mark Packets According to Type of Service

• Assigned to Multiple QueuesAssigned to Multiple Queues

– Queue Scheduling Algorithms:• Techniques Raise or Lower Queue Priority

– WFQ ‐Weighted Fair Queuing

l d h d– Class Based Weighted Fair Queuing

– WRR – Weighted Round Robin

– HFSC – Hierarchical Fair Service Curve


QoS continued…..QoS continued…..

• QoS Implementation Architecture– Packet Identification & Marking

– Network Element Provisioning

– End‐End Policy Management

DIFFERENTIATED

BEST EFFORTGeneral IP Traffic

Prioritized Traffic

GUARANTEEDGuaranteed Applications

49

The Network


Controlling Network TrafficControlling Network Traffic

• Traffic Shaping (packet shaping) is Generally Achieved by Delaying Packets

• Used to Optimize or Guarantee Performance

• Control Volume of Traffic Placed on A Network Segment (ingress)

• Traffic Classification:Traffic Classification:

– Sensitive

– Best‐Effort

d i d ffi– Undesired Traffic

– File Sharing (P2P Traffic)


Layered Network DesignLayered Network Design

• Separate Network in “Layers” or ZonesExternal or Public Network– External or Public Network

– “DMZ” or Demilitarized Zone or Perimeter Network

– Internal or Private Network(s)

Non‐Secure

Secure


Assembling the PiecesDSLP bli

From ISP: 165.95.240.129/26Which Provides:

Egress Filter ? DHCPfrom ProviderThe “SBE” DSL

ProviderPublic Internet

Broadcast Domain

C lli i

Border Firewall

Border Router

DMZor

PerimeterNetwork

EmailServer

SwitchPublicWAP

Which Provides:IP Range: 165.95.240.130-190Netmask: 255.255.255.192Default GW: 165.95.240.129Broadcast: 255.255.255.191

BLUE VLAN = TRUNK:

IngressFilter ?

VPNTunnel

To RespectiveNetwork

Provider

InternalFirewall / VPN Server /

DHCP Server

Ingress & Egress Filter ?

VPNTunnelTo Red Network

The SBENetwork

DNSHTTP

POP3SMTP

CollisionDomain

Web & DNSServer “Flash”

StreamingServer

Administrative Network(Sales, Programming, Traffic) News Ops Network

InternalFirewall / VPN Server /DHCP Server Mobile User

News

Mobile UserSales

Mobile UserEngineering

Network: 165.95.240.176/29IP Range: 165.95.240.177-182Netmask: 255.255.255.248Default GW: 165.95.240.177Broadcast: 255.255.255.183

BLUE VLAN

IngressFilter ?

165.95.240.182

Enable Port Security

1 MAC / portTRUNK:

BLUE VLAN

TransmitterPlant

InternalDHCP

HTTPS

HTTP

Layer 3Switch

( , g g, ) News Ops Network

SiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSi

GRAY VLAN = 165.95.240.184/29IP Range: 165.95.240.185-190

TRUNK:RED VLAN

GREEN VLAN

TRUNK:RED VLAN

GREEN VLANBLUE VLANGREY VLAN

Enable Port Security1 MAC / port

Disable Unused

SiSiSiSiSiSi

IP Range: 165.95.240.185 190Netmask: 255.255.255.248Default GW: 165.95.240.185Broadcast: 255.255.255.191

TRUNK:RED VLAN

GREEN VLAN

Disable Unused

1000-Base-SX Fiber

Enable Port Security1 MAC / port

Disable Unused

Video ContentS

Filter Ports:

Layer 1 - EthernetFTP

FTPHTTP

NewsAutomation FTP

HTTPNLE

CollisionDomain

GREEN VLAN = 165.95.240.128/27

RED VLAN = 165.95.240.160/28IP Range: 165.95.240.161-174Netmask: 255.255.255.240Default GW: 165.95.240.161Broadcast: 255.255.255.175

100-Base-T Copper

Automation

ServerDNS: 53 (TCP & UDP)

FTP: 20 & 21HTTP: 80

HTTPS: 443NTP: 123

POP3: 110SMTP: 25

HTTPS

TrafficSystem

HTTP


Broadcast Ops Network(Engineering & Operations)

IP Range: 165.95.240.129-158Netmask: 255.255.255.224Default GW: 165.95.240.129Broadcast: 255.255.255.159

For Illustrative Purpose ONLYWayne M. Pecena

TAMU-EDBSMarch 2011

TakeawaysTakeaways

• Switching is a Layer 2 Process

• Why Switch?– Breaks the Collision Domain

• MAC Addresses

• Switch Port Security Capabilities

• VLAN Basics & Applications

• VLAN Trunking Use

• Routing is a Layer 3 Process

• Why Route?– Breaks the Broadcast Domain

R i Diff t R ti P t l• Recognize Different Routing Protocols

• Interior Gateway vs Exterior Gateway Routing Protocols

• Layer 3 Switching Provides A One‐Box‐Solution


Reference Sources:• My Favorite Reference Texts:

– Ethernet: The Definitive Guide – Charles Spurgeon

– Cisco CCNA Simplified – 3rd Edition – Paul Browning

Ci IOS i N t h ll 2nd diti J B– Cisco IOS in a Nutshell – 2nd edition – James Boney

– Network Maintenance & Troubleshooting – 2nd Edition – Neal Allen

– Network Warrior – Gary Donahue

– The Illustrated Network – Walter Goralski

– Wireshark Network Analysis – Laura Chappell

• Subnet Calculation Tools:

– www.subnet‐calculator.com

– www.bitcricket.com/ip‐subnet‐calculator.html (Ipv4 and IPv6 capable)

– www.solarwinds.com/products/freetools/free_subnet_calculator.aspx

– IpHONE Aps (iTunes Store):

• IP Calc

• IP Calculator

• RFC Documents:

– www.rfc‐editor.org

• IP Subnetting References:

– http://www.semsim.com/ccna/tutorial/subnetting/subnetting.htmlhttp://www.semsim.com/ccna/tutorial/subnetting/subnetting.html

– http://www.scribd.com/doc/7833118/CCNA‐Prep‐IP‐Subnetting‐from‐Networkers


IP AddressingCIDR ConversionCIDR ConversionReference


Common Port NumbersCommon Port Numbers

• RESERVED PORTS • REGISTERED PORTS• Port 20 / 21 – FTP “File Transfer Protocol”

• Port 23 – TELNET

• Port 53 – DNS “Domain Name Service”

• Port 1720 – H.323 Video Call Setup

• Port 1812 – RADIUS Authentication

• Port 2000 – CISCO “Skinny”

• Port 80 – HTTP

• Port 110 – POP3 “Post Office Protocol”

• Port 123 – NTP “Network Time Protocol”

• Port 161 SNMP “Simple Network

• Port 3074 – “X‐Box” Live

• Port 4664 – Google Desktop

• Port 5004 – RTP “Real Time Transport Protocol”• Port 161 – SNMP “Simple Network

Management Protocol” (UDP)

• Port 443 ‐ HTTPS

Protocol

• Port 5060 – SIP “Session Initiation Protocol

• Port 5631 – PC Anywhere

• Port 8080 – Alternate HTTP

http://www.iana.org/assignments/port‐numbers


Real – World OSI ModelRFC 2321

Important to Recognize During Troubleshooting

ID10T Errors Occur Here


Routing Trivia• First “Router” as We Know is Was the “Interface Message Processor – IMP”

• Developed in the Late‐60’s for ARPANET

• First Message “lo” Was Sent on October 29, 1969 fromFirst Message lo Was Sent on October 29, 1969 fromUCLA to the Stanford Research Institute

• After Recovery From a System Crash, the Word “login” Was Successfully Transmitted

Lif H N B th S Si !• Life Has Never Been the Same Since!


? Questions ?

Thank You for Attending!

Wayne M. Pecena, CPBE, 8‐VSB, AMD, DRB, CBNT

Texas A&M Universityw‐[email protected]@tamu [email protected]

979.845.5662


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