Networkers 2001 Metro Optical - OPT-210

2© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Next Generation Optical Networking

Peter TomsuSenior Consultant EMEA

[email protected]

Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 333

Agenda

• Demands and Scalable Services• Service POP• Metro Solutions• Core Solutions• Optical Control Planes• Management• Summary


Demands and Scalable Services


IP+OpticalCombining All the Elements

IP PlatformsIP Platforms• Adding DWDM/fiber

interfacesto IP platforms

Unified Control Unified Control PlanePlane• Bringing IP intelligence

to optical networks through

Optical PlatformsOptical Platforms• Adding Packet Technology

to optical platforms

Network ManagementNetwork Management• Integrating IP and Optical

elements into a commonframework

IP + OpticalIP + Optical


IP+Optical Architectural Overview

ServicePoP

Metro NetworkConnects Customers

to Services

Core NetworkInterconnects PoPs

Physical RingsLogically Hub and Spoke

Fragmented MarketRapid Change

Physical Point-to-PointLogically Peered

Established Market


The Internet Economy

• Internet changing every business relationship

• Requires seamless extension of internet applications throughout and beyond the enterprise

• Reduces costs to enable next generation economics

© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.


Pre Internet Traffic Patterns

• Most service requests satisfied within building or campus• Only 20% left campus like email, file transfer,…

Point of Presence(POP)



20%

80%

CoreMetro


Internet Traffic Patterns

• Today 80% of traffic stays within metro areas• 20% of traffic moves between metro areas




20%

CoreMetro

80%


Evolution of Interconnect

Service PoP

ASP/SSP

Caching

Video Servers

Local Content

Distributed Load Balancing

Service PoP

Metro Network Core Network


Issues in the Metro Network

• Connecting users to IP-based services

• Reducing cost of per-user provisioning

• Service velocity (turning up connections quickly)

• Addressing last mile limitations

• Ensuring standards


Issues in the Core Network

• Meeting Internet demand for high-capacity circuits (especially 2.5 and 10Gbps)

• Service velocity (turning up b/w quickly)

• How to switch DWDM-scale traffic volumes

• Cost of switching• Ensuring standards


Data Center

ContentAggregation

Private andPublic Peering

Tier 1/2/3 Data Center Backbone—Exodus, Abovenet, Digex, Concentric, AOL, Qwest, Level 3, UUNET

Transit

Data Center

Content Aggregation

Peering

Data Center

Content Aggregation

Transit

Content Aggregation—Portal Companies Such as Yahoo, Geocities, LYCOS, Excite, Hotmail, Amazon, Ebay, AOL, DOT-COM Companies

Internet Service Provider “Overview”

Peering

Tier 1 Transit Backbone—UUNET, Cable and Wireless, Sprint, Global Crossing, Qwest, Level 3, PAIX, Pacific Bell, NAPs


Service POP


• DWDM for POP Interconnects

DWDM

IP Edge Aggregation IP Core Optical Core

OC-48c/STM-16c OC-192c/STM-64c

Customer Aggregation

T1 DS3E1 E3

OC-3/STM-1 OC-12c/STM-4c

GigE FastE

Typical over-Subscription RateAccess to Uplink

1:1 for OC-3/STM-13:1 for DS3/DS1

Basic POP Design


Transport Network

2.5G–10G POS Links

POINT OFPOLICY

OC-3/12c/48c POS(STM-1/4c/16c)

POP Configuration Using POS

Internet Backbone


Ethernet Intra-POP

GE/FE Links

OC-48c/STM-16cPOS

Gigabit Ethernet

Fast Ethernet Links

OC-48c/STM-16cPOS

Internet Backbone Internet Backbone


Ethernet Data Center Intra-POP

OC-48c/STM-16c

Fast Ethernet Links

Servers

Gigabit Ethernet Links

Internet Backbone


Internet Backbone

OC-48c DPT

“Super POP”High Density/Speed Access

Edge Routers

PoS/ATM/DS3/GigE to Customer Sites

Another POP Design

OC-192c POS


PeerISP

EBGP

TransitISP

EBGP

BGP Customer( Usually for dual-homing)

EBGP

Tran

sit

Peer

Tran

sit

Cust X

EBGP

Cust Y

Peer with Tier 1 ISP’s at Each POP

iBGP on AllRouters

OC-3/12c/48c/192c POS(STM-1/4c/16c/64c)

OC-3/12c/48c/192c POS(STM-1/4c/16c/64c)

IBGP Peers

Route Reflector

Routing Protocol Relationships

Static Route

Backbone(OSPF or ISIS and IBGP)


Metro Solutions


Roles of the Metro Network and Service PoP

• User to service delivery• Packets dominate• Many technologies and

topologies• Upstream aggregation

• IP and application aware• Increasing intelligence and

applications• Content rich service delivery• Forward traffic where appropriate

Metro Network ServicePoP


Metro Access Solutions

• No single optimal aggregation method in metro spaceSONET / SDH infrastructure IP based delivery via Ethernet or DPTLeverage existing investment with integrating IP + ATM

• Goal is to combine them in most efficient way in SPOP by enabling IP control of these infrastructures

IP/DPT

SONET/SDH

IP+ATM

ServersContentSwitchSONET/SDH

PDH

Leased Lines

ATM

ISDN

Dial

ADSL

Cable

FTTH

Wireless

Content

Core

Access


Traditional Metro TDM InfrastructureInternet Era

OC-48/STM-16

OC-12/STM-4OC-3/STM-1

Backbone Ring

BusinessRing

MetropolitanRing

3/3/1 or 4/3/1 Digital Cross Connect


New Metro Infrastructure

GSR

GSR Regional Metro/IP

GSR

GSR

GSR

Metro

/IP A

cces

s Metro/IP Access

λ1

λ2

λ3

λ4

λ3λ1

λ2

λ4

DWDMBackbone Network

OC-3/12/48/192STM-1/4/16/48

Metropolitan Ring

OC-3/12/48/192STM-1/4/16/48Business Ring


BusinessRing

MetropolitanRing

3/3/1 Digital Cross Connect

Backbone Ring

OC-48

OC-12OC-12

OC-3OC-3

OC-12OC-3

OC-48OC-48 OC-48

λ1

λ2

λ3

λ4

λ3λ1

λ2

λ4

Metro Network Solutions Metro DWDM

• Rapid service creation and deployment

• Scalable bandwidth growth


Purpose Built DWDM 3 Key Missions

on Demand• Low-cost• OC48 POS, GigE• High bandwidth services

Extended Services Platform• Storage networking• Multiple GE delivery• Data center interconnect/enterprise

Next-Generation Optical Transport• Service density + DWDM• Plug and play multi-service• Low bandwidth services


IP+OpticalMetro Evolution

Legacy SONET/SDH Era

Next Gen SONET/SDH

Ethernet Evolution

IP+Optical TechnologyIntegration

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 20041998

Services Optimization


Core Solutions


Roles of the Service PoP and Core Network

• Muxes packets onto s• IP and application aware• Software and

electronics• Service delivery

• Switches s• Packet dumb• Minimizes $/bit• Physics intensive

Core NetworkService

PoP


Modern Lightwave Eras

0,1

1

10

100

1000

10000

1985 1990 1995 2000Year

Cap

acity

(Gb/

s)

FiberizationDigitization

SONET Rings and DWDM Linear Systems

Optical NetworkingWavelength Switching

Research Systems

Commercial Systems


Prevailing SONET Ring Architecture

• Difficult to scale the network to DWDM capacities• Complex synchronized upgrades• Expensive, hardware-intensive ring interconnections• Provisioning times measured in weeks/months• Limited multi-vendor interoperability


DWDM

• Wavelengths as virtual fiber • Increase capacity of existing plant • Reduce regeneration expense• Based primarily on physics, not networking

IP

SONET

ATM

IP

SONET

ATM


Intelligently Controlled Meshed Core Architectures

• End-to-End service provisioning with IP control• Evolution of new control planes• Future standards like MPLmS• IP + Optical integration to maximize core networks potential

Lightpath selected byWavelength Routers

Source WavelengthRouter

DestinationWavelength Router

Two IP Routers requiringConnectivity


New Multiservice Networks

• Core network must be tuned for IPMust remember legacy environments and other data servicesMotto: “Tune for IP, but deliver multiservice.”Gives flexibility to handle everything

Accommodate Multiple Clients and Multiple Services on an Optical DWDM Infrastructure

SONET/SDHClient 3

ATM Client 2

IP Client 1

ABED

C

A CD

A E C

D

B AD

BC


SDHSONET

SERVICESIP

ATM

10G to 40G

Up to 1600 km

SDHSONET SERVICESIPATM

500 km

500 km

Metro

Metro

New Multiservice Networks

ATM Client 2IP Client 1

ABE

D

C

A CD

AD

BC

SONET/SDHClient 3


IP+OpticalCore Evolution

Legacy SONET/SDH Era

DWDM

MPS

IP+Optical TechnologyIntegration

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 20041998


Optical Control Planes


Optical Control PlanesStatic


ATM Hub+Spoke NetworkPOS p-t-p InterconnectionDPT Ring

Static RingInterconnect

Optical Add/DropMultiplexer (OADM)

IP Router ATM Switch

DWDM Trunk

Static Wavelength Provisioning

• Logical connections provided through Wavelength Provisioning

Can be mix of ring and point-to-point connectionsNetworking features implemented in IP services layerOptical layer provides ONLY big dumb pipes


Optical Protection

• ITU defines 3 optical layers in G.872 – Architecture for Optical Transport Networks

• Allows optical protection at 3 different layers

Optical ChannelLayer

Optical MultiplexSection Layer

Optical TransmissionSection Layer

1+1 Protection

1+1 Protection (W-UPSR)1:1, 1:n Protection (W-BLSR)

1+1, 1:1 Protection

Optical Channel Protection

Optical Multiplex Section Protection

Optical Line Protection

UPSR …. Unidirectional Path Switched RingBLSR …. Bidirectional Line Switched Ring


Optical Control PlanesOverlay


Overlay Model Wavelength Routing

• Wavelength routing protocol only running on WLRs• IP network does not participate in WLR process• Interacts with OTN in client / server relationship

IP Network

Wavelength RoutingNetwork

Lightpath(IP connectivity

between A and B)

IP Router A IP Router B

WavelengthRouter

WavelengthRouter

OTN


Intelligent Optical Network Elements

• WLRs attached via multiple network ports to DWDM terminals• WLRs can also have DWDM terminals integrated• WLR drop ports connect WLRs to service layer equipment

Lightpath

Fiber Span

Link

Drop Port

Channel

Frist HopWavelength Router

Source Destination

LmSCOXC

WavelengthRouter

WavelengthTerminal

Last HopWavelength Router

Network Port

DWDM enabledRouter


ControlSignaling

Control Interface

WRC

OXC

Single-BoxWavelength Router

OXC with WRC

PrimitivesTranslation

Data Channels

WRC with control interface and OXC versus Single-Box Wavelength Router

1. IP routers attached to OXCs via Control InterfaceControl Interface Primitives:

Connect, Disconnect, Switch, Alarm

2. Integrated IP routing functionality in OXC


Distributed Lightpath Routing

• Ensures very fast lightpath provisioning• Each WLR maintains own information DB as well as set of algorithms• Routing algorithm based on Link State Protocols

SourceDestination

Datastream toDestination

LP request1 Acknowledge2

OXC Configuration3

Datastreamfrom Source


Optical Control PlanesPeer


IP - Optical Peer Transport Network

Edge-LSR

Edge-LSR

OXC-LSR

OXC-LSR

OXC-LSR

OXC-LSR


NetworkElement

StandardBody Routing Signaling Available

Existing Control Planes

• Separate control planes exist for L1/2/3• Limited communication creates isolation• Results in an overlay network model

Source: John Drake—MPLS Conference 1999

None Proprietary ProprietaryOpticalCross-Connect

ATMForum

ATMSwitch PNNIPNNI

MPLSIP-LSR IETF Constraint

BasedLDP/

RSVP

Future

Deployed

Deployed


UCP Protocols Standards Summary

Drafts as of January 2001

Function MP S/GMPLS O-UNI G.ASON

Routing Protocol

Signaling

Link Management, Verification, Neighbor Discovery, Etc.

IGP TE Extensions

RSVP/CR-LDP Extensions

LMP

N/A

Model

Standards Body

Peer/Overlay

Peer/IETF

LMP

Overlay to Peer

OIF

RSVP/CR-LDP Extensions

N/A

Central Control, IP/ATM/SONET Clients

Overlay

ITU-T

Out-of-band Client UNI

Peer OverlayOverlay Is a Subset of the Peer Model


Services

Network and Service Management

Unified Control Plane

Internetworking O

perating System

Packet Labels/VPI VCI

Packets/Cells

Wavelength Routing

DWDM Transport

SONET/SDH

Labels



Different Standards Efforts

• Peer and overlay models form a spectrum of control options

• Overlay is a subset of the peer model

PeerOverlay

Multiservice IP

T1X1G.ason

OIFUNI

IETFGMPLS


Review of ITU-T G-872

• ITU-T recommendation G-872 Specifies an architecture for optical transport networks

Optical Channel Layer (OCH)

Optical Transmission Layer (OTS)Optical Multiplex Section Layer (OMS)


Clients:IP, ATM,

TDM, etc.

CCI

NNI

UNI

OCC: Optical Connection ControllerUNI: User Network InterfaceCCI: Connection Control Interface

NNI: ASON control Node Interface IrDI : Inter Domain Interface

UserSignaling

IrDI_NNI

IrDI

ASON Control Plane

Optical Transport Network

ITU: T1X1 G.ASON

Clients:IP, ATM,TDM, etc.

OCC

OCC OCCOCC

Switch Switch Switch


OIF Overlay with UNI

PUB-UNI/NNI: Public UNI/NNIPRI-UNI/NNI: Private UNI/NNI

ED: Client Edge DeviceCED: Carrier Edge DeviceDSI: Data Service Interface

PRI-NNI

PRI-UNIPUB-UNI

PUB-NNIPUB-UNI

3rd PartyNetwork

DSI

DSI

OpticalSub-Network

ED

ED ED

ED

ED

CED

CED

CED

ED

OpticalSub-Network

OpticalSub-Network


OXC Enhancements to Support GMPLS Control Plane

• Mechanism to exchange control information between OXCs and other LSRs

• OXC needs to provide GMPLS-TE with state information

• Non-WDM edge LSR needs to be able to exchange control information with OXCs in the domain


GMPLS Traffic Engineering Control Plane with OXCs

• Either separate or uniform control planes possible• Uniform control plane canbe used for LSRs and OXCs• Allows LSPs to span just routers or a combination of routers and OXCs

MPLS Control PlaneRouting Information

Maintenance and ManagementControl Plane Interfaceto Data Plane

Control InformationExchange with Neighbors

OXC + WDM1MPLS Data Plane:

WDM

1LSR may have either built-in WDM, or external WDM


GMPLS Traffic Engineering Control Plane with OXCs

OXCs must exchange control info1. Preconfigured control wavelength between

Each pair of OXCsOXC and router

2. Use a separate out-of-band IP network

LSR1 LSR2

WDM1

nn-1

1

WDM1

nn-1

1

CrossConnect

Control PointCP-CPCP-DP CP-DP

CP—Control PlaneDP—Data Plane

1 WDM Could Be Either External or Built-in

Control Point

CrossConnect

OT

OTOT

OT

OTOT


Switching and Forwarding Hierarchies

DS3

DS3

DS3

DS3 (T3)

DWDM

TDM

Packet

TDM

Packet

Packet Label

Time Slot (As Implicit Label)

Lambda (As Implicit Label)Light Path

OXC Packet-Switch Capable (PSC)Time-Division-Multiplex Capable (TDM)

Lambda-Switch Capable (LSC)Fiber-Switch Capable (FSC)


Signaling Protocols

• Resource reSerVation Protocol—(RSVP)• Constraint Routed Label Distribution

Protocol (CR-LDP)


Multi-Layer Integration

IP Routingand Signaling

IP Routingand Signaling

DW

DM

DW

DM

UpstreamNode

DownstreamNode

Default Operation

Flows upstream labeled Cut-Through Switching Complete

Flows Downstream Labeled

L2/L3

L1


Management


Depreciation31%

G&A7%

Sales and Marketing

13%

Service Provider Cost Allocation

• OAM&P cost dominates most service provider’s budgets

OAM&P49%

Source: ARMIS 43-01 Reports and Probe Research, Inc.


Complex Network Management

• To provision a circuit, operators must coordinate changes across a wide variety of system types and protocols

• Process can take 60-180 days

SONET/SDH Rings:Add/Drop Multiplexers, Digital Cross Connects

Point-to-PointDWDM

ATM Mesh

IP Router Mesh


Forwarding Plane

Unified Control PlaneUCP ties together IP

and Optical Networks, reducing provisioning time

from weeks to seconds

Control PlaneBased on IP Routing

IP

ATM

Optical

UCP Enables:• Increased Service

Velocity for Faster Revenue Generation

• Reduced Operations Expenses


Generic OSS Structure

Physical Network Technology

Element Management Technology

Customer Interface Management Processes

Network and Systems Management Processes

Customer Care Processes

Service Development and Operations Processes

Information System

s Managem

ent Processes

Network Planning and Development

Network Provisioning

Service Planning and Development

Service Configuration

Sales Order Handling

Fulfillment

Network Inventory

Management

Network Maintenance

and Restoration

Service Problem

Resolution

Service Quality Management

Problem Handling

Customer QoS Management

Assurance

Network Data Management

Rating and Discounting

Invoicing/Collections

Billing


A-Z ProvisioningOIF UNI

Peer Model

Multi-Domain A-Z Provisioning

2000

A-Z Provisioning Point-and-click per-domain provisioning for optical transport networks.

OIF UNI Provisioning across optical transport and IP network elements

Multi-Domain A-Z Provisioning Combining phase I and II to provision IP and optical elements,across multiple domains

Peer Model Building unified IP+Optical management domains using tools and technologies that share GMPLS abstraction.

Driving Network Intelligence Into the Network



Summary


Service Provider Challenge

• Scaling the Internet• Lowering costs• Moving bits• Incremental improvements

• Raising service velocity• Differentiated services • Moving packets intelligently• Profitable

economics

Isn’t Just About… It’s About…


Service ProviderRoad to Profitability

ProfitabilityRevenue

Value-Added Services• Value-add service offerings• Differentiated services• Service velocity

Cost

Increased Operational Efficiencies

• Scale for growth• Investment protection• Broad range of platforms


The Promise of the Internet

“

”

The integration of IP and optical technology will be the standard

for tomorrow’s networks. It is the combination of the intelligence of

IP networks with the near unlimited bandwidth of optical

technology that will deliver on the promise of the Internet.

Chris Nicoll, Vice President Current Analysis, Inc.


Service Provider Network Architecture

• DSL• Fixed Wireless• Frame Relay• ATM• Leased Lines• Cable• Ethernet

• SONET/SDH• Long Haul DWDM

• VPNs• QoS• App Hosting• Content Hosting

• Web Hosting• Voice over Packet• Packet Transport

Packet Services:• Metro Optical TransportSONET/SDHEthernet/IP/SwitchesMetro IPDWDM

Control Plane and Network Management Integration

Core NetworkInterconnects PoPs

Metro NetworkConnects Customers

to ServicesAccess

Service PoPService PoP

Cor

e R

outin

g

Edge

Rou

ting

Gro

omin

g

Service Adaptationand

Packet Switching

Networkers 2001 Metro Optical - OPT-210

Technology

Transcript of Networkers 2001 Metro Optical - OPT-210