Network Power Plant Technology LUAT ... - · PDF fileLUAT Lehrstuhl für...

LUATLehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrens-technik und AnlagentechnikUniv.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.Klaus Görner

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ef.RuhrUniversitäten

BochumDortmundDuisburg-Essen

WorkshopEnergieversorgung von morgen aus der Sicht von Schlesien und Nordrhein-West-falen

Power Plant Technology in Germany and Nordrhein-West-phalia28. 06. 2010MWMEDüsseldorf

Network Power Plant Technology

WorkshopEnergieversorgung von morgen aus der Sicht

von Schlesien und Nordrhein-Westfalen28. Juni 2010, MWME, Düsseldorf, Germany

Klaus GörnerUniv.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

University of Duisburg-Essen - LUATEnvironmental Process Engineering and Plant Design

ef.Ruhr (Energy Research Ruhr)

- Network Power Plant Technology

Power Plant Technology in

Germany and NRW


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Network Power Plant TechnologyTopics

Actual situation

Challengesfor power producersfor the manufacturers / suppliers

ProjectsState-of-the-art-technologyPower plant projectsCCS: research projectsCCS: industrial projects - pilot scaleCCS: industrial projects - EU demo projects

Conclusions


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Actual Actual SituationSituation


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In the energy sector the EU is active with 4 strategies

Intelligent use of energy- without reduction in quality of life- increase of efficiency in all sectors

CO2-lean energy/power production- in all power ranges- with all technologies

Use of nuclear power

Renewable energies- in all power ranges- with all technologies

We have to use the complete primary energy and technology portfolio.Not: Renewables Fossils

Centralized Decentralized productionBecause: Electrical grid is joining element and bottle nec

Actual situation


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Network Power Plant TechnologyActual situation

Situation in Germany: Renewable energies are favoured and will form an essential part of the power production in the future

Renewable energies

Coal and gas

Nuclear power

With CCS, if accepted

and economic

Source: RWE, Lambertz, 2010


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CO2 emissions in 2007 from the energy sectorfor some regions resp. countries

Actual situation

Region / Country CO2 Emissions

World 30.892.000.000 t

USA 6.575.000.000 t

Asia and Oceania 12.020.000.000 t

China 6.389.000.000 t

Europe 4.615.000.000 t

Germany 861.000.000 t

Source: BMWi, 2008


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CO2 emissions in Germany in 2007 from different sources

42,5%

20,1%

13,6%

12,1%

6,1% 5,5%

energy sectortraffichouseholdsmanufacturing commercerestsmall consumers

CO2 emissionen / energy sector / Germany / 2007:

368,475,000 t CO2/a

for comparison:

CO2 emissions / 600 MW power plant / hard coal / base load

4,000,000 t CO2 /a = 4 Mt CO2/a

CO2 emissions / energy sector / Germany / 2007 / roughly:

400,000,000 t CO2/a = 400 Mt CO2/a

Actual situation


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Quelle: e.on, Fischer, IZ Klima-Konferenz 2009

IEA reference scenario 4.2

EU aim „ambitious“(basis 1990 -30 %)

and ZEP 2008

EU aim (basis 1990 -20 %)

Aims for EU emissionsin 2030

Energy efficiency 0.5

0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

Renewables 0.2

Other measures 0.3

IEA scenario „alternativepolitics“ and CCS

2.8

IEA scenario „alternative politics“ 3.2

CCS potential 0.4

30 % reduction

CO2 emissions in the EU [Gt CO2 equivalent / a]

400 Mt/ais equivalent to theemissions from the

energy sectorin Germany

CCS – carbon capture and storage potentials

Actual situation

4,200 Mt/a


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Increase of efficiency• Protection of fuel resources• Direct reduction of specific CO2 emissions per kWhel

• Classical „non regret“ strategy

Possibilities for the reduction of CO2 emissions in power generation

Changeover in fuel (coal to gas)• Reduction of specific CO2 emissions per kWhel

• Geostrategic critical resource allocation• Change in the energy mix (security in energy supply)

CCS• Aim is the reduction in CO2 emissions by 90 % • Suitable for new and (partially) for old plants• Technical process chain can be handled• Administrative permissions and acceptance by the public

are an issue

Actual situation


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Increase of efficiency

CO

2em

issi

ons

per k

Wh e

l

Source: VGB Figures Facts 2009-2010

referencepower plant

NRW

net efficiency: 45 %spec. CO2 emissions: 743 g/kWhelcoal consumption: 320 g/kWhel

Actual situation


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Power plant and CCSPower plant and CCS

ProjectsProjects

Projects


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Increase of efficiencies by optimizing components of the power plant

Lignite pre-dryingOptimized plant parametersReduction of subsistence power...

Plants: BoA 2+3

GT efficiencyAbsolute power of GTIncrease of inlet temp....

Plants: Irsching (540 MW)

Concept simplificationRed. of subsistence powerCoal mil air usageLow condesor pressure...

Plants: Walsum 10Datteln 4RDK 8Quelle: VGB, Evonik, Siemens, 2010

State-of-the-art power plant

Lausward (Stadtwerke D´dorf)

> 60 %45-46 %> 43 %

Lignite Hard coal Gas


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303,4 °Cfeed water temperature

45 mbarcondenser pressure

8pre-heater stages

285 bar600 °C

live steam parameters

basic data

45,9 %el. net-efficiency

555,6 MWel. net-power

600 MWel. gross-power

State-of-the-art technology of the 600 °C power plant, hard coal fired

Reference power plant NRW


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ηNetto = 045,9 %

Pel,Brutto = 600 MWPel,Netto = 556 MW

pFD = 285,bar / TFD = 600 °CpZÜ = 060 bar / TZÜ = 620 °CpK = 045 mbarmCO2 = 115 kg/s (full load)

Characteristic technical data

Reference power plant NRW

State-of-the-art technology of the 600 °C power plant, hard coal fired, without CO2-sequestration


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Power plant projects in Germany – conceptional phase

Power plant projects

Hard coalLigniteGas

projectstopped

projectquestionable

Reasons for pendent situation:

Renewables arefavoured in general

Big projects in general having no acceptance

Central power production is under pressure

Coal is under pressure

CCS is under pressure (transport, storage); no acceptance


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Increase of efficiency up to >50 % by higher life steam temperatures

• temperature (700°C)• pressure (up to 350 bar)

Lignite pre-dryingIncrease of efficiency up to 48 %

LigniteFluidized bed drying

RWE Niederaußem

Hard coal700°C power plant

e.on Wilhelmshaven

Power plant projects in Germany

Power plant projects

- stopped -


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Carbon captureCarbon captureand and storagestorage

capture transport storagecapture transport storage


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CCS-TechnologiesProcess Overview

Pre-CombustionPre-Combustion

Power Plants with CO2 CapturePower Plants with CO2 Capture

Post-CombustionPost-CombustionOxy-CombustionOxy-Combustion

Sourcee: E.ON/Alstom/Vattenfall

Power Plant with CO2 CapturePower Plant with CO2 Capture

CCS - capture

Reduction of efficiency due to CCS measures 9.0 – 13.0 %-points


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Quelle: Wuppertal Institut, Viebahn et al, Projektzwischenbericht 2008

Possible NRW solutions for bigpoint sources in power generation

CCS - transport


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Storage potentials in Germany

Quelle: BGR

CO2 sources

CO2 sinks

CCS - storage


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C O

-OK+

CR H

N

H H

Solvent selection Process optimization

Power plant integration

CCS – PCC research areas

Power plant with post-combustion carbon captureFields of optimization in the capture process


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Boundary conditions:CO2 capture rate 90 %spec. heat demand 3,5 GJ/t CO2

basis:reference power plant NRW

Power plant with post-combustion carbon capturePower plant integration

CCS – PCC research areas

PP without CCS

thermal output MWth 00001211.2000

gross electrical output MWel 00000600,2000

internal electricity consumption MWel 00000044.4000

power for pre-scrubber MWel -

power for additional fan MWel -

power for pumps and aggregates in theCO2-capture unit MWel -

power for CO2-compression (5-stage) MWel -

net electrical output MWel 00000555.6000

net efficiency % 00000045.8700

PP without CCS PP with CCS

thermal output MWth 00001211.2000 00001211.6000

gross electrical output MWel 00000600,2000 00000500.6000

internal electricity consumption MWel 00000044.4000 00000044.3000

power for pre-scrubber MWel - 00000007.2000

power for additional fan MWel - 00001215.5000

power for pumps and aggregates in theCO2-capture unit MWel - 00000010.3000

power for CO2-compression (5-stages) MWel - 00000029.1000

net electrical output MWel 00000555.6000 00000404.2000

net efficiency % 00000045.8700 00000033.3600

Reduction of efficiency by CCS9.0 - 13.0 %-points


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RWE-BASF-Linde – PCC research plant

CCS – industrial projects - pilot scale

Characteristic data of the plantFlue gas bypass stream from a

lignite fired power plant

Product 159 Nm3 CO2 / h7.2 t CO2 / d

Start-up 05/2009

Construction 6 skids2 containersskid 1: 4 x 4 x 41 m

80 tons

Source: Linde-KRC, 2010


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boiler

ESP

FGD

FG condenser

CO2 plant Characteristic data Boiler load: 30 MWthCoal demand: 5.2 t/hOxygen demand: 10 t/hCO2 (liq.) production: 9 t/h

airseparationplant

Vattenfall – oxy-combustion research plant


09.11.2009 | CCS | H. Altmann | VE-G E-K | Netzwerk KWT AG1


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e.on – CCS projects in PCC


Source: e.on Energie, 2010


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PerspectivesIn time: horizons to a commercial launch

Source: e.on Energie, 2009

small pilot plants< 5 Mwel

large pilot plants30 - 60 Mwel

DevelopmentSelection

OptimizationScale Up

demo plantsn x 100 Mwel

OptimizationScale Up

Commerc.operationCO2 storage

CCS – industrial projects - pilot Scale


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Network Power Plant TechnologyCCS – EU demo projects

EERP (European Economy Recovery Plan)The following projects have been awarded funding under the EERP:• Jänschwalde (Vattenfall, Germany)

Demonstration of the oxy-combustion and the post-combustion technology on an existing power plant site. Two storage and transport options are analysed. 180 Mill €

• Porto-Tolle (Enel Ingegneria e Innovazione S.p.A., Italy)Installation of CCS technology on a new 660 MW coal power plant. The capture part will treat flue gases corresponding to 250 MW electrical output. Storage in an offshore saline aquifer nearby. 100 Mill €

• Rotterdam (Maasvlakte J.V. / E.ON Benelux and Electrabel, Netherlands)Demonstration of the full chain of CCS on a capacity of 250 MW equivalent using post-combustion technology. Storage of CO2 in a depleted offshore gas field near the plant. The project is part of the Rotterdam Climate Initiative RCI that aims at developing a CO2transport and storage infrastructure for the region. 180 Mill €

• Belchatow (PGE EBSA Poland)Demonstration of the entire CCS chain on flue gases corresponding to 250 MW electrical output in a new supercritical unit of largest lignite-fired plant in Europe. Three different saline aquifer storage sites will be explored nearby. 180 Mill €

• Compostilla (ENDESA Generacion S.A, Spain)Demonstration of the full CCS chain using oxy-combustion and fluidised bed technology on a 30 MW pilot plant which to be up-scaled by December 2015 to a demonstration plant of more than 320 MW. Storage in a saline aquifer nearby. 180 Mill €

• Hatfield (Powerfuel Power Ltd., UK)Demonstration of CCS on a new, 900 MW IGCC power plant. Storage in an offshore gas field nearby. The project is part of the Yorkshire Forward initiative that aims at developing a CO2 transport and storage infrastructure for the region. 180 Mill €


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09.11.2009 | CCS | H. Altmann | VE-G E-K | Netzwerk KWT AG1

CO2 compression

FG cleaning

ASUair separation unit

oxy-combustion

boiler

coal drying

post-combustion capture

Characteristic data• 500 MWel unit• 3 boiler concept• Boiler F3 – new oxy-combustion• Boiler F1 – retrofit with PCC

Vattenfall, Jänschwalde - EERP (European Economy Recovery Plan)

CCS – EU demo projects


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ChallengesChallenges

Challenges


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Aims for development for a power plant with PCC capture

• Efficiency of the 700°C PP without CCS 50 288 669700/720 °C PPaim of development is 2015

Increase of efficiency is an essential pre-condition for the application of CCS, also under the aspect of ressource protection

• Reduction of efficiency by PCC - 8 - -at the moment 9 - 13 %-pointsuse of new washing media (2. generation)development of optimized processes

• Efficiency of the 700° PP with CCS 42 343 80average value in Germany 38 %reference PP NRW 45 %

• Efficiency of the reference PP NRW 45 320 743600/620 °C PPstate of the art technology

η (LCV) coal CO2[%] [g/kWhel] [g/kWhel]

Challenges for power producers


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Challenges for the Challenges for the ManufacturersManufacturers

Challenges for the Manufacturers


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Number of spraying plains [-]

Red

uctio

n de

gree

[%

]

Additional spraying plains

Power plant with post-combustion carbon captureAdditional pre-cleaning


Source: Fisia, Gummersbach max. 18 m (better < 12 m)


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Materials / componentsCorrosion resistant, cost-saving materials

Chemical resistance of materials against:

acidsbasesin various pH-ranges andwith various additives (activators, inhibitors, ...)at different temperatures



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Network Power Plant TechnologyConclusions


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Network Power Plant TechnologyConclusions

CO2 emissions in power generation must be reduced

Pre-combustion, oxy-combustion and post-combustion carbon capture technologies can be applied

Post-combustion capture can be retrofitted if the power plantis „capture ready“

Increase of efficiency is an essential pre-condition for CCS

Transport and storage are technically realizable, but need public acceptance

Financial and regulatory aspects are essential for project realization (economy and unbundling procedure)

Hard conditions for new power plant projects

CCS technologies are investigated at different stages(research, lab scale, pilot scale)


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Thank youfor yourattention

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