Network Initiatives Discussion Topic Community Insights Conference August 20-22, 2014 Vail, CO 2014...
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Transcript of Network Initiatives Discussion Topic Community Insights Conference August 20-22, 2014 Vail, CO 2014...
Network InitiativesDiscussion Topic
Community Insights Conference
August 20-22, 2014
Vail, CO
2014 Electric T&D Benchmarking
Agenda
◼ Introduction Purpose of this Discussion Topic Schedule
◼ Background – Secondary Networks Secondary Networks Secondary Network History Current Status
◼ Results Existing networks of participating companies Future Plans – expand, contract, stay the same?
◼ Discussion by participating companies Oncor …
◼ Wrap-up
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Introduction
• Many utilities have underground network distribution systems serving center-city areas with mostly high density loads and a few smaller customers.
• Many of these systems were originally established in the 1920’s; many of the components are approaching end-of-life.
• The character and design of these systems are essentially unchanged since they were established
• Is it time to change to a more modern design, or is the original design, with technological updates, still the best solution?
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Detailed Discussion Topic Process
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Primary Purpose•Plan 2014 Program•Determine Discussion Topics
•Review Questionnaire
Deliverables•Discussion Topics to pursue
•Draft Questionnaire
Deliverables•Schedule of events
• Interview questions
• Identify questions in core questionnaire that provide information
•Plan analysis•Deliverables expected
Primary Purpose•Flesh out Discussion Topic and expectations
Leader’s Conference
Discussion Topic Plan
Webinar: Set Plan
Primary Purpose•Discussion groups on Discussion Topics
•Review analysis so far
Actions/Deliverables•Group Discussions•Analysis and synthesis of data
•Presentations
Primary Purpose•Share learning
Actions/Deliverables•Presentations by stand-out companies
•Analysis/synthesis of data•Discussion groups•Action Steps •Using the analysis template
Review Meeting
Insights ConferenceOn-site
Presentations
Primary Purpose•Review Discussion Topic Plan for alignment with utility expectations
Webinar: Review Plan
Primary Purpose•Run one webinar that brings together subject matter experts on the topic and allows them to share practices and insights
Discussion Webinars
What is an “Underground Secondary Network”?
◼ Many utilities have underground network distribution systems serving center-city areas with mostly high density loads and a few smaller customers. In these areas, it is not practical to use overhead distribution systems due
to clearance problems with high-rise buildings coupled with narrow sidewalks and streets.
In many cases, local authorities have mandated that all utilities be placed underground.
◼ Though they may differ in voltage, capacity and redundancy, these systems are similar in the following ways: They use multiple primary circuits, paralleled on the secondary side. Primary circuits are protected by a breaker at the source, and by
secondary breakers, known as “network protectors”, at each transformer, relayed to open for a fault on the primary circuit (reverse power flow), and to automatically close when conditions are such that forward power flow will occur when the primary circuit is restored.
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What is an “Underground Secondary Network”? (cont’d)
The primary circuits are paralleled with one or more transformers on different primary circuits in the same underground vault(s), and cables in the streets paralleling multiple vaults (street grid).
In this way, large loads can be served by one or more transformers at the building site, augmented by power served from the street grid in the event of the failure of a primary circuit.
Very large loads are served by “spot networks”, individual installations of several transformers, paralleled as in a normal secondary network, but not connected to the grid; most of these are at 480v, 4kv, or higher voltages to accommodate the customer’s needs.
Small loads (store fronts, parking lots, signal lights, etc) can be served by connecting only to the street grid without the necessity of installing a transformer.
Street grids are normally grounded wye 125/216v to allow single phase service to small loads.
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Secondary Network Simplified Schematic
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Second Illustration of Network Physical Layout from ConEd
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Secondary Network History*
• The first “modern” secondary network, using network protectors relayed to open and close automatically, was put in service in New York City in 1922 by the United Electric Light & Power Company.
• By 1925, the secondary network had become an accepted way of serving combined power & lighting load, with 6 networks serving a total of 27.5MW
• This type of system gained rapid acceptance, and by 1952, 82 companies operated 414 networks.
• In 1974, 315 US companies used the low-voltage network system. Today's 208Y/120 V network grid systems are very similar in configuration and basic operation to the first systems.
• Today, there are over 350 cities, throughout the world, operating low voltage network systems.
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* Information on this page from “A History of Underground Secondary AC Networks”, Robert J. Landman, H&L Instruments, L.L.C., IEEE PES, Life Senior Member, available at http://ieee-nh.org/Docs/2010-05-BL.pdf
Network Characteristics Of Participants
◼ Description of Underground Network System Age Characteristics
• Number of Customers• Load served• Number of primary circuits and voltage• Secondary voltage(s)• Physical area (square miles)
× Is the area exclusively network or are there other customers? Contingency design (first, second, or other)
◼ Current State of Network System Are new loads served from the network system, or in some other way? Have network protectors been retrofitted with solid state relays? Describe remote monitoring and control. Do you have any issues maintaining cable splicing expertise? Have you expanded or reduced your underground network system area in the
last several years? What level of new customer growth are you seeing in your network area?
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Results – Existing Networks At Participating Companies
CompanyNetwork
Age CharacteristicsContingency
Design New Loads?Solid State
Relays?Remote
Monitoring?Problems with cable splicing?
Expanding or Reducing? Growth Rate
Austin Energy
125/216 grid,625 xfmrs spot networks n-1
all on network, grid or spot in process
replacing lead with eppr expanding high
BC Hydro 55 yrs120/208 grid, 347/600 v spots yes
replacing failed pilc with xlp
growing, don't know rate
CenterPoint 80-90 yrs120/208 grid, 64 spots n-1
only <300kW, no spots some
spots, not grid no no new spots
heavy, new loads served w/o spots
Exelon BGE 80 yrs120/208 grid, spot networks
try to move new loads to radial
started this year
replace failures on pilc with epr
reducing by moving new development off grid
KCPL
original network 90 yrs, rebuilt 60 yrs ago
611 cust,48 MVA, 12 fdrs n-1
only on network if capacity exists yes yes no no none
Oncor 1920's
120/208 grid, spot networks, 1130 xfmrs n-2 yes no
Westar Topeka 80 yrs
255 cust,15 MVA, 13 fdrs n-1
some from network, large not. yes
no, but adding
Yes, added training no none
Westar Wichita 80 yrs
256 cust,15 MVA, 13 fdrs n-2 network yes
no, but adding
Yes, added training no none
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Summary of Network Characteristics
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• All are at least 50 years old, most 80-90 years• All have ~120/208 v grids, plus spot networks• A significant percentage are making an effort to serve new, large loads in
some other way• All either have, or are in the process of installing solid-state relays• Little remote monitoring• Several are in some stage of converting PILC cable to some type of solid
dielectric (EPR or XLP)
Summary of Future of Networks
Future of Underground Network System◼ What are future plans for your underground network system?
Expand, contract, stay the same? Most staying the same Continue to serve new customers from the network, or serve in some other
way, to let network load diminish until it becomes practical to eliminate the network. Many are only serving small loads from the grid, no new spots
If you haven’t already done so, retrofit network with solid-state relays and monitoring and control. All either have, or are in process• if you have already retrofitted, what was the business case to justify the
retrofit? Business case mentioned was to do during normal protector overhaul.
Continue to use paper insulated lead covered cable, or transition to another type of cable. A few are replacing failed PILC with solid dielectric, one transitioning.• If transition, what are the details and justification for your transition• Are you doing anything to maintain paper insulated cable splicing skills? 2 companies
added training, those replacing failed cable are using premade splices.
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Participant Input
• Oncor – Jesse Medlock• Others…
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Wrap-up
• There are a lot of Underground Secondary Network systems out there, many are approaching 100 years old.
• Several of our participants are moving away at least from new spot networks, but they recognize that the lower voltage grid will be around for many years.
• Use of solid-state relays is predominant and practical, since network protectors must be overhauled on a regular basis.
• There is some use of the communication and monitoring capabilities of the newer relays.
• A significant number of companies are not installing new Paper Insulated Lead Covered cable, but using solid dielectric cable to replaced failed PILC, but only one is changing out all PILC.
• It is difficult to maintain PILC splicing skills if you don’t have a significant amount of the cable
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Thank you for your Input and Participation!
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