Network Fabric Guide - Automation Class Factory · Netw abr 3 Chapter 2: The Value of a Unified...

Network Fabric Guide

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The Path to Increasing the Value of Your Industrial Network

Network Fabric Guide 2

Chapter 1: What is the Network Fabric?

Chapter 2: The Value of a Unified Network Fabric

Chapter 3: Assess Your Progress

Your Journey to a Unified Network Fabric

Proactive vs. Reactive Approach to Network Transformation

Chapter 4: Implement a Robust Network Fabric

Chapter 5: Case Studies – Leveraging the Network Fabric

Chapter 6: Resources and Next Steps

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Many are talking about the potential of the Internet of Things, but few understand that connected devices are only as good as their physical hosts and carriers. The network fabric is the physical foundation that enables the convergence of information technology (IT) and operations technology (OT) into a single, powerful network infrastructure. The network fabric includes cable, wireless, switching, computing and storage systems, and relies on standard, unmodified Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity for secure and open communications.

Having a reliable and robust physical network infrastructure is essential to helping operations focus on optimizing productivity. The infrastructure must keep pace with the demand for more connections, the changing data needs of the business, and emerging commercial technology finding its way to the plant floor.

Only through a unified network fabric can manufacturers: • Tear down organizational silos and achieve a truly

converged, secure network infrastructure• Unleash the full power of IP technologies, including

virtual computing and wireless mobility• Have greater control of business outcomes to harness

the virtually limitless potential of the Internet of Things

• Where are we today...160,000 new industrial Ethernet nodes are connected every day

(IHS Global/IMS Research)

• An estimated 50 billion objects will be connected to the Internet in 2020 (Cisco)

• The industrial automation sector will account for nearly three-quarters of all connected devices by 2025 (IHS Technology)

Resources:

• Video: Importance of IP

• Video: Internet of Things Gives You More

• Article: Physical Infrastructure: Converged Network Basis



A network transformation represents both a significant investment and a crucial decision in defining the future capabilities of your industrial operation. It’s important to understand the value that a unified network fabric offers, and how that value can be best captured to get more out of your network fabric across the long term.

1. ScalabilityA network fabric designed for scalability will enable your infrastructure to more easily grow and adjust to the demands of tomorrow. This is particularly important as automation or related plant systems expand, new technologies such as mobility platforms or improved security systems are adopted, and bandwidth requirements increase.

A scalable network fabric not subjected to ‘rip and replace’ upgrades or expansions can help minimize reliability risks, improve project planning and shorten deployment times.

2. ReliabilityNetwork reliability is important but typically not critical in the enterprise. Downtime may only result in a temporary loss of access to email and business systems. The plant floor is a completely different story, where every available second is needed to maximize production output. Here, an unreliable network is a liability.

A unified network fabric that is based on a robust architecture, follows industry standards, and takes advantage of close cooperation between IT and OT personnel is more likely to deliver consistently high reliability across the entire industrial enterprise.

3. SecurityWhen IT and OT networks converge and connections flourish, security is often a source of anxiety. But it doesn’t have to be.

A robust network fabric design aligned with a strong logical architecture can establish multiple lines of defense against security threats (see defense-in-depth security, Chapter 4), while also making machines easier to use and maintain through the use of guards and port blocks. Additionally, bringing IT and OT personnel together as a cohesive team can provide new opportunities to identify potential security holes that may have existed when the two organizations operated as silos.









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4. Ease of DeploymentFollowing industry best practices, including using standards such as ISA-99 and validated architectures such as CPwE, can take the complexity out of structuring your unified network fabric. Additionally, as manufacturers and industrial operators are confronted with increasing skills gaps as workers retire, the introduction of a single converged network infrastructure allows them to bring a new generation of tech-savvy professionals into their industrial operations. A unified network fabric built on IT principles and a well-structured architecture also provides opportunities to make IT/OT operations leaner and more efficient using technology such as remote access.

5. InnovationDeploying a unified network fabric allows you to adopt new technologies that can open your industrial operation to a new world of potential. One of those technologies, Power over Ethernet (PoE), which delivers power and data in a single Ethernet cable, can lower your installation and maintenance costs, enable remote access, and reduce wiring complexity. Another, cloud computing, can lower your energy and hardware costs, simplify maintenance, and connect multiple sites around the world for more consistent plant-to-plant performance measurement.

The network fabric does more than unify your IT/OT systems – it creates an entirely new foundation on which you can seamlessly roll out new innovations.


• “A significant portion of network downtime, approximately 80%, is attributed to physical layer connections”. (Sage Research)

• “Through their successful implementation of their industrial network architecture, best-in-class companies are able to achieve 99.97% network uptime, decrease their total cost of ownership by 5%, as well as achieve a 89% OEE rate and most importantly increase their operating margin by 26%”. (Aberdeen Group)

• “Best-in-class companies are ensuring reliability and resiliency at both the physical and data-link. Reliability is built on the physical layer by utilizing redundant components (such as power supplies) and redundant devices (such as switches and routers). This ensures that there will always be network access even if there is a media disruption or port failure (on either the end device or switch)”.

Resources:

• White Paper: Scaling the Plant Network

• Article: Physical Infrastructure: A Critical Factor in Cloud Deployment Success









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The journey to a fully unified network fabric is different for everyone. The need for convergence of IT and OT is not new but has dramatically changed in both value with the Internet of Things as well as in risk if security is not understood and addressed strategically. To better understand your organization’s unique path, begin by identifying the stage you are currently in with your network infrastructure.

Phase 1. Multiple Plant Floor NetworksNetwork sprawl results from multiple networks that exist to support the mix of new and legacy equipment at the device and control layers. Connections across these multiple networks offer little value beyond machine and process control.

Phase 2. Converged Plant Floor NetworkMoving to a single OT network technology, such as fully standard Ethernet and EtherNet/IP, can reduce network sprawl and improve industrial network uptime. However, the network infrastructure may encounter data

bottlenecks and security holes due to the lack of a holistic defense-in-depth security approach between IT/OT networks.

Phase 3. Converged IT/OT NetworkConnecting the plant floor to the enterprise unlocks greater value. This also enables true defense-in-depth security across the entire organization. Still, refinement is needed to support emerging technologies such as wireless and IoT devices.

Phase 4. Unified Network FabricThe network fabric includes a robust wired and wireless physical infrastructure, and ensures scalability and security for new and evolving technologies, such as mobility, edge computing and cloud access. The network fabric meets today’s demands while positioning your physical infrastructure for those of tomorrow.

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4

• Unmanaged, poorly documented networks

• Proprietary networks• Islands of data• Reactive support• False security

• Minimal convergence to IT• OT standards are used• Minimal network visibility• Security holes

• OT and IT networks use IP• Validated physical

infrastructure• Virtualization of plant

applications• Proactive support• Industrial DMZ

• Defense-in-depth security• Wired and wireless

infrastructure• Best practices for IT and OT• Robust wired backbone • Scalable wireless coverage• Holistic security services

CHARACTERISTICS:









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“There is a critical need for a more manageable, scalable, robust and secure network fabric to accommodate the growing number of IP-enabled devices connecting to the networks. Industrial networks have outgrown the isolated silo, ‘point to point’ approach of many current industrial network deployments.” (ARC Advisory Group)

Resources:

• Article: Five Reasons Why Proprietary Networks are a Thing of the Past

• Video: Network Cabling Physical Infrastructure for Industrial Automation









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Proactive or Reactive?It’s not only where you’re going – it’s how you get there.Network transformations are either proactive or reactive. A proactive approach is planned and works toward business goals. A reactive approach is more often driven by operational needs and critical events as they arise.

What’s your approach?.

REACTIVE

• Disconnecting networks for security needs• Stopgap legacy system fixes or upgrades• Network sprawl due to unplanned nodes• Adding network layers for new services • Focusing on maintaining production

PROACTIVE

• Creating a physical specification and design • Following validated logical architectures• Logical and physical segmentation • Applying defense-in-depth security • Focusing on new capabilities and insights

Chapter 3: Assess Your Progress Continued



A well-planned and robust network fabric will help you capture the value of today’s connected technologies and position your infrastructure for new opportunities as they arise.

Best Practices for Implementation

1. Assess Network and EnvironmentA comprehensive review of your network devices, assets and locations will help define your data needs and plan the ideal pathways for data to travel. As ODVA points out, industrial environments can be categorized into three environmental classifications for four types of conditions: mechanical, ingress, climatic chemicals and electromagnetic.

An environmental analysis will identify key environmental hazards, such as heat, vibration and shock. Use this information to select the appropriate hardened media and enclosures to protect against those hazards and maximize uptime.

2. Address SecuritySecurity is essential given the high number of entrance points across the network fabric. This step should include designing the physical infrastructure to address both operational and security needs.

A defense-in-depth strategy is a security best practice that uses five areas of security – physical, network, computer, application and device – to establish multiple layers of protection against security threats. At the physical level, the use of guards, locks, port blocks and key cards help limit personnel access to machines and network systems.

“Network equipment can turn over up to five times during the life of the









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3. Leverage Standards and GuidanceIndustry Guides: When designing and deploying a unified network fabric, the Converged Plantwide Ethernet (CPwE) Design and Implementation Guide co-developed by Cisco and Rockwell Automation is a highly effective reference guide for meeting the unique connectivity demands between manufacturing and enterprise zones.

Standards and Guidance: A structured cabling approach based on the latest standards (e.g., ANSI/TIA 568-C and 1005-A) will deliver a higher cable density, greater network longevity, and better flexibility for any potential moves, adds and changes. Likewise, utilizing resources such as the ISA-99 standards and ODVA’s EtherNet/IP Media Planning and Installation Manual will help ensure that the design, implementation and management of your network fabric are secure and follow best practices.

4. Design for the FutureHigh-bandwidth cabling, such as 1GB and above, will prepare your network fabric for future growth. Also, a zone architecture that distributes managed switches close to endpoint devices better positions the network infrastructure to organically grow with the plant. As wireless connections, remote access capabilities and cloud services become more popular in industrial environments, make sure your switching, computer and cable infrastructure supports these technologies.

Chapter 4: Implement a Robust Network Fabric Continued

“The trend toward integrating ICS [Industrial Control Systems] with IT networks provides significantly less isolation for ICS from the outside world than predecessor systems, creating a greater need to secure these systems from remote, external threats”. (National Institute of

Standards and Technology)

View the infographic:www.industrial-ip.org/en/knowledge-center/solutions/security-and-compliance/security-infographic

Resources:

• Manual: EtherNet/IP Media Planning and Installation Manual

• Blog: Building a Structured Approach to the Industrial Network

• Whitepaper: Structured and Point to Point Network Cabling for Industrial Automation

Article: www.industrial-ip.org/industrial-ip/network-fabric/how-to-deploy-fiber-optic-physical-infrastructure









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http://www.industrial-ip.org/industrial-ip/network-fabric/how-to-deploy-fiber-optic-physical-infrastructure




http://www.industrial-ip.org/en/knowledge-center/solutions/security-and-compliance/security-infographic


Chapter 5: Case Study 1 – Leveraging the Network Fabric

Harley-Davidson Cuts Downtime, Streamlines Decision Making

“We’re now resolving things in multiple minutes that used to take tens of minutes or hours”. (David Gutshall, The Internet of Things for

Manufacturing Webcast)









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Harley-Davidson has been synonymous with motorcycles for more than 100 years. It’s redefined the words ‘hog’ and ‘chopper’ in our modern vernacular, and given riders a renewed sense of freedom on the open road.

Harley-Davidson’s production facilities stretch from its home state of Wisconsin to Brazil and India, but its largest operation is located in York, Pennsylvania. The facility is more than 600,000 square feet and produces more than 60 percent of all Harley-Davidson motorcycles.

Recently, the company decided to completely transform the York site’s network architecture. The facility’s existing network infrastructure had become an afterthought, and the IT system wasn’t serving as a business enabler. This resulted in a lack of manufacturing flexibility, and a lack of alignment between the site’s IT system and manufacturing operations.

The company decided to deploy a CPwE solution architecture based on a unified network fabric.

“We recognized the importance of the network first and foremost,” said David Gutshall, infrastructure design manager at Harley-Davidson, during an ‘Internet of Things for Manufacturing’ webcast. “The decision was made to push Ethernet down to the factory floor itself. We use standard Ethernet at the assembly station, with both wiring and wireless, and it’s ubiquitous inside the factory.”

The new network fabric is already paying for itself. Workers are resolving quality issues right at the point of assembly, and streaming dashboards are empowering teams across multiple levels with real-time production information. Decision making has been reduced from days or weeks to minutes or hours.

“Whether we’re talking faster model launches or quicker line rebalances or simply real-time decision making, we now have the data to make decisions that we didn’t have before,” Gutshall said.

Harley-Davidson Cuts Downtime, Streamlines Decision Making

Chapter 5: Case Study 1 – Leveraging the Network Fabric Continued

Resources:

• Webcast: The Internet of Things for Manufacturing: Part II (Cisco, Rockwell Automation, Harley-Davidson)









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Chapter 5: Case Study 2 – Leveraging the Network Fabric

Metal Processor Upgrades Network to Achieve Higher Network Availability

Benefits:• Reduced deployment time by up

to 75%• High availability and increased

process network• Robust, integrated, secure network









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A major metal processor seeking to reduce network-downtime events and ensure it could support future growth needed to upgrade its physical network infrastructure to separate industrial and enterprise traffic, deliver improved availability, and enable scalability for future changes or upgrades.

Implementing the new infrastructure required standards-based design elements to ensure compliance. It also had to address key needs, including:

• Choosing the right logical architecture framework• Addressing environmental considerations• Developing a phased plan for network deployment• Planning for switch deployment

The company worked with Panduit to understand the importance of the logical and physical topologies to meet system requirements, and to identify in-house capabilities to maintain the infrastructure and support future growth needs.

The company also selected a complete physical-layer package from Panduit that included the Integrated Network Zone System and Micro Data Center (MDC).

The pre-tested and pre-engineered Integrated Network Zone System minimizes effort and complications usually associated with deploying a network in segments, and supports real-time control and data collection. The system also integrates the Allen-Bradley® Stratix™ industrial Ethernet switch from Rockwell Automation for rapid deployment, meeting the company’s requirements for a standardized solution that enables scalability for greater agility and faster time to production.

The MDC provides the infrastructure to effectively deploy distribution switches to help separate networks and reduce conflict points. It maintains robust, integrated and secure networks, and facilitates connectivity from the plant floor to the enterprise, giving greater visibility into industrial processes to help identify problems, optimize processes and plan for the future.

The Integrated Network Zone System and MDC allowed the company to upgrade its networks with minimal downtime, ensuring high availability. The structured and engineered approach addressed the proper pathway identification, distance limitations, regulatory requirements and environmental considerations, and the system’s design helped all phases of the implementation project to run smoothly while also reducing deployment, labor and operating costs.

Metal Processor Upgrades Network to Achieve Higher Network Availability

Chapter 5: Case Study 2 – Leveraging the Network Fabric Continued

Resources:

• Case Study: Metal Processor

• Webinar: The Need for Speed – Best Practices in Deploying EtherNet/IP Networks









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Build a Business Case for Industrial Network Training www.industrial-ip.org/training/why-training/business-case-for-industrial-network-design-training

Register for Network Architecture Training A three-part, e-learning course delivered by Industrial IP Advantage teaches critical design skills focused on a Reference Architecture for converged architectures. The course will help IT and OT professionals implement designs from equipment-level to the enterprisewide network. It includes scenario-based training on logical topologies, protocols, switching and routing infrastructure, physical cabling and wireless. www.industrial-ip.org/training

Read the Latest Tips• Scaling the Plant Network whitepaper

www.industrial-ip.org/en/knowledge-center/resources/white-papers/scaling-the-plant-network

• How to Design a Structured Approach to Cabling www.industrial-ip.org/industrial-ip/ network-fabric/how-to-design-a-structured-approach-to-cabling

• Aberdeen research study on industrial networking best practices www.industrial-ip.org/industrial-ip/why-ip/ aberdeen-research-on-industrial-networking

• Three Steps for Evolving IoT Architectures www.industrial-ip.org/industrial-ip/internet- of-things/3-steps-for-evolving-iot-architectures









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Allen-Bradley® Stratix™ is a regiistered product of Rockwell Automation.

http://www.industrial-ip.org/training/why-training/business-case-for-industrial-network-design-training

http://www.industrial-ip.org/training/why-training/business-case-for-industrial-network-design-training

http://www.industrial-ip.org/training

http://www.industrial-ip.org/en/knowledge-center/resources/white-papers/scaling-the-plant-network

http://www.industrial-ip.org/en/knowledge-center/resources/white-papers/scaling-the-plant-network

http://www.industrial-ip.org/industrial-ip/network-fabric/how-to-design-a-structured-approach-to-cabling



http://www.industrial-ip.org/industrial-ip/why-ip/aberdeen-research-on-industrial-networking

http://www.industrial-ip.org/industrial-ip/why-ip/aberdeen-research-on-industrial-networking

http://www.industrial-ip.org/industrial-ip/internet-of-things/3-steps-for-evolving-iot-architectures

http://www.industrial-ip.org/industrial-ip/internet-of-things/3-steps-for-evolving-iot-architectures

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