www.greenpacket.com

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Network Congestion through the Eyes of

Hong Kong

A Market-based Study on How Developed Markets Benefit

by Offloading Data to WiFi

Abstract

The advancement and growth of the Internet is causing network congestions across the globe due

to heavy data consumption required by its applications. However, with different penetration levels

and usage patterns, there is a contrast for network congestion in developed and emerging

countries.

The network congestion issue in developed nations is more acute although current network

technologies are advanced but yet they are insufficient to cope with data requirements. The only way

forward is to continue upgrading to faster networks with higher capacity, but this option requires

heavy investment in terms of time, effort and money. What then is a more cost-effective alternative?

This paper studies Hong Kong*, a densely populated country with one of the world’s fastest growing

telecoms sector and a victim of network congestion. Greenpacket presents a case study on how a

cellular operator can battle network congestion without burning a hole in the pocket.

*Hong Kong is selected as it is a small country with a huge population and easily comparable to any other major city in

the world. The objective here is to help readers understand that network congestion as experienced by Hong Kong and

proposed solution can be applied to most dense areas around the world.

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Contents

Network Congestion Phenomenon: Developed vs. Emerging Markets 01

Getting to Know Hong Kong’s Telecoms Market 04

Issues Facing Hong Kong’s Mobile Broadband Landscape 08

Case Study – Operator X, Hong Kong (HSPA+ Operator) 12

Solve Your Network Congestion Woes Cost-Effectively Today! 16

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01

Network Congestion Phenomenon: Developed vs. Emerging MarketsAcross the globe, escalating data traffic is leading to network congestion, a phenomenon that the telecommunications

industry dreads. However, developed and emerging markets undergo network congestion which is different in nature

due to the disparity in broadband penetration levels which leads to dissimilar usage patterns (user perspective) and

business models (operator perspective). Generally, broadband penetration exceeds 35% in developed markets but

barely touches 10% in most emerging markets.

Figure 1 maps the broadband penetration rates of developed and emerging markets worldwide. Developed nations have

a higher broadband penetration rate compared to emerging nations.

Figure 1: Economic Map of the World: Emerging Markets and Developed Markets

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Image Source: Alex Covarrubias through Wikipedia

Developed Markets Emerging Markets

Developed market

Emerging market(more developed)

Emerging market(least developed)

Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation

and Development (OECD), Internet World Stats,

December 2008 – December 2009

02

Causes of Network Congestion

In Greenpacket’s earlier whitepaper Operators Can Save $14 Million Yearly Through Data Offloading (Note: You will need

to complete a form to download the whitepaper), we mentioned that congestion occurs when throughput supply is lower

than demand. This can be the result of too many users within a site or when the throughput level is too low.

Typically, networks in emerging countries have low throughput levels such as 3.6Mbps or 1.8Mbps, in contrast to

developed countries with 14.4Mbps networks and above. This condition contributes to network congestion in emerging

countries.

Figure 2 compares developed and emerging countries that have approximately the same build up area. As such, it can

be assumed that almost equal number of network sites is required to provide coverage. Many operators in emerging

countries support the same/more subscribers on networks with lower data rates. This situation leads to network

congestion.

For example, let’s compare Japan and Philippines. Smart (PLDT) serves 38 million subscribers on a 2.0Mbps network,

as opposed to SoftBank Mobile which caters for only 21 million subscribers on a 7.2Mbps network.

Source: GSMA, BMI

Figure 2: Operators in emerging countries support equal or more subscribers on networks with low throughput levels

On the other hand, in developed markets, users are more mature Internet users and therefore engage in heavy data

usage that demands higher bandwidth. The Internet is relied upon beyond information gathering and communications.

Instead, it is heavily used for entertainment, especially video content and applications. According to research firm

Sandvine, users in North America and Europe are the highest consumers of YouTube videos, as shown in Figure 3.

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Developed

Emerging

Developed

Emerging

78,866

56,594

377,835

300,000

Exa

mp

le A

Exa

mp

le B

RemarksArea(in km2)

14.4Mbps

7.2Mbps

7.2Mbps

2.0Mbps

HSDPAData Rate

2.9 million

2.9 million

21 million

38 million

SupportedSubscribers

EconomicStatus

CzechRepublic

Croatia

Japan

Philippines

Country

Both operators support the same number of subscribers butT-Hrvatski Telekom has a lower data rate. Hence, congestion occurs.

Smart (PLDT) supports more subscribers but its network has a muchlower data rate against SoftBank Mobile’s data rate.

03

Source: Sandvine

Figure 3: YouTube minutes consumed by different regions worldwide

A Market Study – Hong Kong

All developed countries offer high speed broadband. Greenpacket has selected Hong Kong for a market study as this

country has soaring subscriber numbers within a small land area. Additionally, Hong Kong has one of the fastest growing

telecoms sector that is afflicted by network congestion. In this paper, we present a case study on how a cellular operator

facing network congestion benefits from an immediate, simple and cost-effective measure to combat the issue without

heavy investments in network upgrades.

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North America

Caribbean and Latin America

Europe

Africa

Asia-Pacific

46.8%

1.4%4.6%

45.1%

2.1%

Getting to Know Hong Kong’s Telecoms Market Demographics & Economy

Image source: Wikipedia

Figure 4: Map of Hong Kong

Hong Kong is also one of the world’s leading developed nations, holding a GDP per capita of USD 31,849 in 2008, which

is relatively higher compared to other countries (see Figure 5). One of the reasons for Hong Kong’s high GDP levels can

be associated with its high broadband penetration rate and vice versa.

Source: Alcatel-Lucent, 2008

Figure 5: GDP vs. broadband penetration levels of selected countries from around the world

Hong Kong is situated on China’s southern coast

with a land mass of 1,085km2. With a population of

over 7.08 million (6,502 persons/km2), Hong Kong

is one of the most densely populated areas in the

world, in comparison to Netherlands for example,

which has a land mass of 45,526km2 and

population of 16.6 milion (399 persons/km2).

The density level of Hong Kong is so high that it

even exceeds the density level of some of the

world’s most populous cities such as London (4,863

persons/km2), Bangkok (4,478 persons/km2) and

even Amsterdam (4,459 persons/km2)!

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Indonesia

SouthAfrica

Egypt

China

Brazil

Mexico

000,03$000,02$0

GDP per Capita

000,06$000,05$000,04$000,01$0

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

Bro

adb

and

Pen

etra

tion

30%

Russia Saudi Arabia

UAE

France

Belgium

USA

Switzerland

Hungary

Canada

Spain

South Korea

Hong Kong

05

Telecoms Background

Hong Kong has one of the most advanced and sophisticated telecommunications market in the world and this has been

one of the driving factors in shaping this country as a leading business and financial centre.

Hong Kong’s telecommunications sector has been liberalized to set a platform that is both pro-competition and

pro-consumer. This objective provides a fair playing ground in the telecoms market and ensures consumers receive

best-in-class services in terms of capacity, quality, coverage and speed. Office of the Telecommunications Authority

(OFTA) is the governing statutory body responsible for regulating the industry.

Strong governmental support, enormous connectivity infrastructure and geographical advantage of compact size have

led to Hong Kong’s successful Internet evolution. Figure 6 compares the broadband technology evolution of Hong Kong

and the United States. It is evident that Hong Kong has been almost at par with United States which illustrates the

former’s impressive growth in the Internet and broadband arena over the past two decades.

Figure 6: Hong Kong and United State’s Internet and broadband evolution

Hong Kong’s Telecoms Market Today

Hong Kong is an extremely networked society gauging from its high infiltration rates from the broad telecoms

perspective, as shown in Figure 7.

Figure 7: Hong Kong telecom sector’s infiltration rates

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101.6 lines/household

12.6 million subscribers

2.71 million subscribers

1.2 million subscribers

102% (by population)

180%

~ 56% (by population)82% (by household)

N/AAmong highest in the world for residential penetration

Fixed Line

Mobile

Broadband

IPTV

% of InfiltrationDegree of InfiltrationTelecoms Category

2G

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

3G 3.5G

GSM

GSM

PCS 1900(GSM 1900)

CDMAOne

PCS(GSM1800)

GPRSHSDPA CDMA

2000(EVDO)

HSUPA

HSUPA

HSPA+

HSPA+

‘93 ‘94 ‘95 ‘96 ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02 ‘03 ‘04 ‘05 ‘06 ‘07 ‘08 ‘09

WCDMA/EDGE

HSDPAEDGE

UMTS/WCDMA

GPRS

Ho

ng K

ong

06

As far as broadband is concerned, the services are highly in use which explains Hong Kong’s high broadband

penetration rate. At 82%, Hong Kong is ranked among the top three markets with highest household broadband

penetration rate (Figure 8) and fastest average Internet connection speed (Figure 9).

Source: Gartner, July 2008

Figure 8: Hong Kong is one of the top three markets with highest household broadband penetration rate

Source: The State of Internet Q4 2009, Akamai

Figure 9: Hong Kong is ranked second for having the fastest average Internet connection speed in Q4 2009.

To date, Hong Kong has 14 fixed network operators (FNOs), five mobile network operators (MNOs) and nine mobile

virtual network operators (MVNOs). Such intense competition makes broadband services in this country very affordable.

The combination of high penetration rate and affordable pricing formed an ideal platform for IPTV services which

hit 1.2 million subscribers as of December 2009, again one of the highest in the world.

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0

10

8

6

4

2

12

South

Kor

ea

Hong

Kong

Japa

n

Roman

ia

Latvi

a

Sweden

Nether

lands

Czech

Rep

ublic

Denm

ark

Switzer

land

22US

14

Ave

rage

Con

nect

ion

Spe

ed (M

bps)

11.7

8.6

7.6 7.26.2 6.1

5.3 5.2 5.2 5.1

3.8

Worldwide Top 10 Countries Average Connection Speed (Mbps)

Markets with Highest Broadband Penetration of Households

2007

2012

54%77%

58%74%

59%74%

69%76%

58%73%

65%79%

52%72%

93%97%

74%82%

76%81%

United States

United Kingdom

Taiwan

Switzerland

South Korea

Netherlands

Hong Kong

France

Canada

Australia

07

Aside from IPTV, Hong Kong has a strong network of WiFi hotspots – there were more than 8,900 public WiFi hotspots

as of March 2010 and growing.

An average Hong Kong Internet user spends more than 25 hours online per month, making it one of the most engaged

Internet markets globally. Online communications, entertainment and social networking take up the highest share of

minutes spent online (see Figure 10). Several interesting Internet usage behaviour includes the following:

• Instant messaging holds the highest share at 16% (October 2009), which is almost double the time spent by Asia

Pacific region as a whole

• Entertainment is led by video-based applications led by YouTube and TVB.com

• Social networking is led by Facebook

• 5% of Internet minutes are spent on business and finance sites which reflect the country’s business and finance

focused economy. This rate is more than double of Asia Pacific’s share of time for this category

Source: Comscore Report, October 2009

Figure 10: Hong Kong’s Internet usage by minutes

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Instant Mesenger

Netertainment

Social Networking

Games

Business/Finance

E-mail

Search/Navigation

News/Information

Technology

Others

45%

8%

16%

11%

4%4%

5%

3%2%2%

Hong Kong Online Activities (% Share of Minutes)

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Issues Facing Hong Kong’s Mobile Broadband LandscapeCellular Networks Face Ceiling-level Data Usage

Data usage on Hong Kong’s cellular networks is at extremely high levels which explains the reason for network

congestion. How do we know this?

i) The number of cellular users in Hong Kong has reached 100% of active users (active users refer to population aged

15 to 65 who are in employment or expected to enter employment). Figure 11 shows that the number of cellular

subscribers (2.5G and 3G) slighly exceeds the total number of active users – this concludes that all active users in

Hong Kong are enjoying Internet through their mobile broadband connections.

Source: BMI, Q1 2010

Figure 11: Cellular users vs. total number of active users

ii) Tremendous increase in data usage. Since the launch of HSDPA in 2006, subscriber count only increased 2.4 times

but data consumption grew immensely by 80 times!

Figure 12: Number of customers and mobile data usage in Hong Kong from 2002 – 2009

Mobile subscribers (January 2010)

2.5G and 3G mobile subscribers (January 2010)

% of active users

Total number of active users

12,483, 989

5,275,365

74.8%

5,206, 000

No. of cellular subscribers equal 100% active users

3G Customers

3,819,186

2,812,002

2,004,565

1,331,651

645,965

N/A

N/A

N/A

Mobile Data Usage (Mbytes)

638,388, 712

133,145,730

32,301,563

9,076,723

4,603,736

2,330,444

247,262

42,029

Year

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2.5G + 3G Customers

5,000,264

3,490,602

2,947,378

2,206,586

1,848,254

1,349,015

729,554

179,931

2.4 times increase in subscriber count but 80 times growth in data.

09

Why is Hong Kong experiencing such a gigantic leap in data usage? Here are some reasons:

a. Affordable broadband rates – With the presence of 14 FNOs, five MNOs, nine MVNOs and hundreds of other

licensed ISPs, healthy competition exists and keeps broadband rates very affordable for the man on the street. As

such, almost the entire active population of Hong Kong is able to afford a broadband connection and use data

applications. Data card plans in Hong Kong range from USD 24 to USD 49 which is lower compared to similar plans

in United States which range from USD 30 to USD 60.

b. High usage of IPTV – Television is loved for its rich visual and audio entertainment qualities. Delivering these qualities

over Internet is a definite data gobbler. Hong Kong has 1.2 million IPTV subscribers which are among the highest in

the world.

c. High usage of smartphones – Hong Kong consumers lead smartphone usage globally. Almost half (48%) of

consumers in Hong Kong own a smartphone, which is more than double the global rate of 23% as shown in Figure

12. The smartphone is used to access Internet applications such as email, social networking and even blogging. In

today’s world of content and applications, social networking is king. This is obvious in Hong Kong whereby 30% of

smartphone users regularly update their social pages compared to 12% globally.

Source: www.cellular-news.com

Figure 13: Hong Kong’s smartphone penetration rate exceeds global and Asian levels

d. High Public Transport Travel – With the advantage of being geographically compact, Hong Kong has a highly

developed transportation network. Over 90% of daily travels take place via public transport. This form of commutation

gives subscribers time to enjoy Internet while on the go through their smartphones and other mobile devices.

Decreasing ARPU

Hong Kong’s telecommunications landscape undergoes intense competition which leads to price wars that sets the

ARPU on a downward scale. Figure 13 shows ARPU decreasing for several leading mobile network operators in Hong

Kong since 2007.

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Global 2010 Developed Asia* 2010 Hong Kong 2010 Hong Kong 2009

2327

48 40

*Covers Australia,Japan, Korea,

Hong Kong, Malaysia,Singapore and Taiwan.

Smartphone penetration is approaching majority levels% of mobile users with a Smartphone

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Source: Business Monitor International (BMI), Q1 2010

Figure 14: Decreasing ARPU trend faced by operators in Hong Kong

Aside from the price war, the decline in ARPU (Figure 14) can also be attributed to the stronger prepaid growth than

postpaid (Figure 15). Although in the past, operators in Hong Kong received higher revenues through postpaid plans,

prepaid services are gaining popularity as subscribers are more conscious of their commmunication and connectivity

spend. Prepaid ARPU is undeniably much lower than postpaid. For example, in 2008, Hutchison’s postpaid ARPU was

almost nine times larger than prepaid ARPU1.

Source: Business Monitor International (BMI), Q1 2010

Figure 15: Hong Kong’s increasing prepaid subscriber base

1Ovum

11

Poor Indoor Coverage

Poor indoor coverage has always been a constant battle for wireless technologies. In high density countries like Hong

Kong and Singapore, more than 70% of traffic occurs indoor. Analysis Mason anticipates that by 2016, over 80% of

global wireless data traffic will be generated indoors. This concludes that indoor capacity demand is much higher and

operators must address this issue.

Operators currently face numerous complaints on bad indoor coverage from subscribers. In Japan alone, NTT Docomo

recorded that over 90% of complaints are due to poor indoor reception quality. It is important to understand that indoor

coverage is usually poor because wireless signals originate from base stations which are deployed outdoors. These

signals need to penetrate through building material (for example, glass or concrete) and experience radio wave

penetration loss of 6 – 13 dB or more which translates into throughput loss as well.

Though operators today employ inbuilding solutions to boost coverage, however, in the case of Hong Kong, due to its

complex morphology, these solutions are expensive to deploy.

Figure 16 gives an overview of typical throughput levels at three different locations from the base station – peak rate

(nearest to the base station), median users (mid way distance from base station) and cell edge. At each of this location,

throughput levels are lower indoor compared to outdoor.

Source: Modified from Qualcomm

Figure 16: Comparison of throughput levels indoors and outdoors

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Median Users Cell Edge Users

R8 Multicarrier

Single Carrier42Mbps

21Mbps

36-40Mbps

15-18Mbps

Outdoor Indoor Outdoor Indoor Outdoor Indoor

7.8Mbps

3.8Mbps5.2-6.8Mbps

2.8-1.8Mbps3Mbps

1.5Mbps2-2.6Mbps

0.8-1.2Mbps

Peak Rate

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Case Study – Operator X, Hong Kong (HSPA+ Operator)Technical Background

There are four operators in Hong Kong and each has four frequency carriers for a total of 20MHz (three 5MHz bands and

one split 5MHz band). This frequency arrangement enables three 5MHz bands to be grouped.

Figure 17: Frequency allocation across four Hong Kong operators

Among these four operators, Greenpacket has selected Operator X* for this case study. Operator X is Hong Kong’s

leading operator and the first to launch a HSPA+ 28.8Mbps. To deploy and operate a 28.8Mbps network, 5MHz

frequency band is sufficient for data while the remaining 15MHz is reserved for voice and/or mobile TV (R99/MBMS).

Figure 18: HSPA+ vs LTE data rates corresponding to different bandwidth levels

Since Operator X (and the other operators) are investing huge sums of money into HSPA+, it is necessary to assume that

they would most likely adopt the HSPA+ path in coming years which enables data rates of up to 168Mbps through four

frequency carriers (20MHz spectrum). These data rates are equivalent to that of LTE as shown in Figure 17.

*Name of this operator is withheld to protect its interests

Expected Network Cost by End 2010

Going along the path of HSPA+, how much would Operator X need to spend to maintain its network? For this indication,

Greenpacket has set certain assumptions and predictions based from our observation.

42Mbps

84Mbps

168Mbps

37Mbps

73Mbps

150Mbps

5MHz

10MHz

20MHz

LTE Data Rate HSPA+ Data RateBandwidth

3GOperator

2

3GOperator

3

3GOperator

1

1904.9 1909.9

TDD Spectrum

1914.9 1919.9 1920.3 1935.1 1949.9 1950.1 1964.9 1979.7 1980 2010 MHz

3G Operator1

3G Operator2

3G Operator3

3G Operator4

Satellite MobileService

(Exemption Order)

FDD Spectrum

13

Prediction # 1: Data Usage

Operator X’s data usage is at 152TB as at June 2010. Greenpacket assumes that Busy Hour (BH) rate is at 15% with a

throughput/user growth rate of 4.3 times on year to year basis.

Prediction # 2: Subscriber Growth by 2010

Based on a yearly (subscriber) growth rate of 15% (or 7.2% half year growth), Operator X will have 620,000 HSPA+

subscribers by the end of 2010, an increase from 575,000 subscribers as of June 2009.

Prediction # 3: Additional Coverage Required

As of June 2009, Operator X currently has 5,300 sectors (approximately 2,120 sites). For a more precise calculation, we

make reference to sectors (as opposed to sites). This is because in Hong Kong, networks are not necessarily configured

as 3 sectors per site. Due to the compact size of the country and limited space in between buildings, each site can be

configured from S1/1 to S2/2/2/2/2/2.

Based on the Predictions 1 and 2, to support an additional 45,000 from June – December 2010 (six months), Operator

X would need to install an additional 415 sectors. The total cost of ownership (TCO) to deploy these 415 sites is

estimated at approximately USD 24.4 million.

Expected Revenue

From the 45,000 additional subscribers Operator X expected to be acquired by end of 2010 at ARPU rate of

HKD200/month, Operator X will gain a total revenue of HKD108 million/year (USD13.8 million/year). The question now

is, is the expenditure of USD 24.4 million justified for an increase of 45,000 subscribers over a short period of six months?

How much will Operator X need to spend over the next three years to improve its infrastructure and support subscriber

growth? With ARPU’s declining rate versus large network upgrade costs, how will Operator X sustain in the long term?

From an ROI perspective, with the investment expenditure of USD 24.4 million for 415 sectors, Operator X faces an ROI

period of one year and nine months. This duration is based on the average growth pattern of subscribers. However, as

data usage per user continues to rise through the use of data intensive applications, Greenpacket believes that the ROI

on required infrastructure upgrades can extend to two or three years. This is a very risky approach as technologies evolve

at a fast pace and infrastructure normally changes every five years, for example the evolution of from

GSM-WCDMA-HSPA+ to LTE.

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500,000 15.0% 575,000 620,000 45,0002,000,000

End of 2010June 20103G subs

Growth(GP assumption)

3G subs @June 2009

3G/HSPA+ SubsTotal Mobile Subs@ June 2009 Additional Subs

(Jun – Dec 2010)

14

Is There a Better Alternative?

As opposed to expensive and time consuming network upgrades, it would be more cost and time efficient for Operator

X to manage extra network workload by offloading to WiFi.

This is an ideal alternative for Operator X in view of the excellent network of WiFi hotspots available in Hong Kong. With

close to 9,0002 WiFi hotspots available, mathematically assuming, every km2 has an average of eight hotspots! By

partnering with these WiFi providers, Operator X can support its growing subscriber base with involving time, effort and

money on network upgrades. Additionally, as mentioned earlier, poor indoor reception is a major concern for mobile

broadband operators. This issue can only resolved through indoor solutions such as WiFi. Hence, aside from managing

data influx on their networks, WiFi help operators to improve indoor coverage remarkably.

Offloading data to WiFi hotzones3 is also an approach undertaken by AT&T, a leading mobile network operator in the

United States. AT&T began this project in May 2010 in New York City to supplement its mobile broadband in areas with

high 3G traffic and mobile data use. Customer usage and satisfaction levels have been extremely encouraging according

to Angie Wiskocil, Senior VP, AT&T WiFi Services. AT&T is in the midst of rolling out more WiFi hotzones to more cities in

United States.

Conclusion

In the age of growing intensive data usage, celullar operators in developed markets need an immediate and

cost-effective way to manage their networks. The proliferation of smartphones and decreasing ARPU levels further add

urgency to ensure network congestion does not pose a threat.

One of the solutions to prevent network congestion is by offloading data to alternative broadband networks, especially

WiFi. Aside from balancing network bandwidth, WiFi is a good indoor solution and provides a much better reception

compared to cellular networks.

Performance Comparison: 3G vs. WiFi

Rysavy Reseach and Quality in Motion conducted a metropolitan survey to gauge performance levels between 3G and

WiFi. WiFi provided better performance compared to 3G as shown in Figure 19.

2Office of the Telecommunications Authority, Hong Kong3Fierce Mobile Content

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15

Figure 19: Performance comparison of WiFi (T-Mobile HotSpot) vs. 3G (Verizon EVDO)

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1,274kbps

1,396kbps 548kbps

1 in 18 tests (6% failure rate)

348kbps

367kbps

1,329kbps

6 sec

23 sec

16 sec

310kbps

528kbps

51kbps

6 in 24 tests (25% failure rate)

162kbps

248kbps

100kbps

55 sec

122 sec

214 sec

Verizon EVDOT-Mobile HotSpotTest

FTP download throughput, average of all locations

Highest FTP download speed

Lowest FTP download speed

FTP download failures

FTP download standard deviation across all eight locations

Throughput test, loaded network(4 simultaneous clients)

FTP upload throughput, average of all locations

Test Webpage (ww.cnn.com) download time, average across all locations

Microsoft Outlook download time(3 megabytes), all locations

Micosoft Outlook over VPN upload time(8 megabytes), all locations

16WHITEPAPER

Solve Your Network Congestion Woes Cost-Effectively Today!Greenpacket welcomes you to embark on the offloading journey today and enjoy tremendous cost savings on your

network operations. At Greenpacket, we understand the demands placed on Operators like you. That is why our

solutions are designed to give you the capacity to constantly deliver cutting-edge offerings without exhausting your

capital and operating expenditures.

With Greenpacket, limitless freedom begins now!

Free Consultation

If you would like a free consultation on how you can start saving network cost through data offloading, feel free to contact

us at marketing.gp@greenpacket.com kindly quote the reference code, WP0810DL when you contact us). As part of the

consultation, we will be happy to walk-through your network’s TCO and determine how much savings you would gain by

offloading data.

17

References 1. 2009 Global Broadband Phenomena by Sandvine

2. Hong Kong: The Facts – Telecommunications, Office of the Telecommunications Authority

3. Wireless Network Assessment, EV-DO and Wi-Fi Hotspots by Rysavy Research & Quality in Motion (QIM)

4. The importance of prepaid mobile increases in Hong Kong by Sherrie Huang, Ovum

5. HSPA+ is here, what is next? by Qualcomm

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About Green PacketGreenpacket is the international arm of the Green Packet Berhad group of companies which is listed on the Main Board

of the Malaysian Bourse. Founded in San Francisco’s Silicon Valley in 2000 and now headquartered in Kuala Lumpur,

Malaysia, Greenpacket has a presence in 9 countries and is continuously expanding to be near its customers and in

readiness for new markets.

We are a leading developer of Next Generation Mobile Broadband and Networking Solutions for Telecommunications

Operators across the globe. Our mission is to provide seamless and unified platforms for the delivery of user-centric

multimedia communications services regardless of the nature and availability of backbone infrastructures.

At Greenpacket, we pride ourselves on being constantly at the forefront of technology. Our leading carrier-grade

solutions and award-winning consumer devices help Telecommunications Operators open new avenues, meet new

demands, and enrich the lifestyles of their subscribers, while forging new relationships. We see a future of limitless

freedom in wireless communications and continuously commit to meeting the needs of our customers with leading edge

solutions.

With product development centers in USA, Shanghai, and Taiwan, we are on the cutting edge of new developments in

4G (particularly WiMAX and LTE), as well as in software advancement. Our leadership position in the Telco industry is

further enhanced by our strategic alliances with leading industry players.

Additionally, our award-winning WiMAX modems have successfully completed interoperability tests with major WiMAX

players and are being used by the world’s largest WiMAX Operators. We are also the leading carrier solutions provider

in APAC catering to both 4G and 3G networks and aim to be No. 1 globally by the end of 2010.

For more information, visit: www.greenpacket.com.

Copyright © 2001-2010 Green Packet Berhad. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language, in any form by any means, without the written permission of Green Packet Berhad. Green Packet Berhad reserves the right to modify or discontinue any product or piece of literature at anytime without prior notice.

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