network basics.ppt
Transcript of network basics.ppt
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NETWORKING
&ROUTING
CONCEPTS
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Networking Host based networks
The processing is performed on onecomputer system with attached un-intelligent dumb terminals
e.g. PRS network
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Networking Master-Slave networks
The entire processing is done at Mastercomputer, the slave computers arecapable of limited local applicationprocessing such as editing and
validation.e.g. FOIS network
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Networking Client-Server networks
This is also called as domain model
Application processing processing isdivided between client and server
Here client requests and serverresponds for services
e.g. Railnet
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Networking Peer to peer networks
This is also called as work group model
All computers in peer to peer networkare equal capacity
Any computer can request and anycomputer can provide the service
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Network devices NIC card
Hub
Switch
Router
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NIC The Network interface card is an
add-on card inserted intoexpansion slots on the
motherboard of a computer Currently, the most common
types of NIC used in the homeare Ethernet and wirelessEthernet cards.
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HUB
A hub is a device into whichyou can connect all devices ona home network so that they
can talk together.Hubs physically cross-connects all their ports withone another
Hub always supports broadcasting.
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Switch
A switch is also a device intowhich you can connect all deviceson a home network so that theycan talk together.
Switch is an intelligent device andit can be configured
Unlike a hub, it does not supportsbroadcasting always
But initially Switch also supportsbroadcasting
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Router Router is a device which is used to
enable communication possiblebetween two or more differentnetworks present in differentgeographical locations.
Router is having LAN ports (e0)and WAN ports (s0)
Router has got its own operatingsystem called as IOS
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Types Of Cables
Coaxial Cable
Twisted Pair able
Fiber Optic Cable
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NetworkingAll the devices in the network should
have unique identity or address
There are two types of address areused in the network
Physical address or hardware address
or Media access address (MAC) Logical address or software address or
IP address
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Networking Every NIC card will have its unique MAC
address burnt in its ROM chip
The MAC address is a 48 bit addressrepresented in 6 bytes hexadecimalform
e.g. 00-01-80-53-1C-0F
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Networking The IP address is a 32 bit address
represented in 4 bytes decimal form
e.g. 10.195.51.46
There are two types of IP address used
Public IP address
Private IP address
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Networking Public IP address are used only in public networks such as
Internet
e.g. 202.43.219.47 (yahoo.co.in) Private IP address are used in intranets such as Railnet
e.g. 10.195.2.19 (IRISET railnet website) The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) defined
Standard private network address are10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) definedStandard Local loop back address as127.0.0.1
The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) definedStandard automatic private IP address (APIPA) are169.254.0.0 -169.254.255.255
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Networking Every IP address is a combination of
network ID and Host ID
e.g. 10.195.2.19 is having two parts
i. 10.195.0.0 is a network ID
ii. 0.0.2.19 is a Host ID
This Net ID is extracted from IP addressusing Subnet Masking
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Networking Masking is a bit wise ANDing process
with IP address to extract Network
address or Net ID. IP address is represented as
10.195.2.19/16
IP address is 10.195.2.19
Subnet mask is 255.255.0.0
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Networking How to get Net ID from IP address
using subnet masking
10.195.2.19 (00001010.11000011.00000010.00010011)
255.255.0.0 (11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000)
Bitwise ANDing is done to get Net ID
10.195.0.0 (00001010.11000011.00000000.00000000)
The same is represented as 10.195.2.19 / 16
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NetworkingAs far as the computers are connected
with in the same network, a router is
not required. When computers of different networks
are to be interconnected, then a routeris required
A router is a device to inter connectdifferent networks
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Networking The routing is done based on routing
tables.
The routing tables can be built in 3ways
Static routing
Dynamic routing
Default routing
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Networking
The default routing is used in Internet
i.e. it is used when the destination network is
un-known In static routing manually the routed
networks are defined
In dynamic routing using below mentioned
protocols the routed networks are defined RIP (routing information protocol)
OSPF (open shortest path first)
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Networking
Typical static routing
e0 e0e0
s0s0s1 s1
HYB MAS SBC
At HYB ip address of e0 is 192.168.1.1 / 24ip address of s0 is 10.0.0.1 / 16
At MAS ip address of e0 is 192.168.2.1 / 24ip address of s1 is 10.0.0.2 / 16ip address of s0 is 10.1.0.1 / 16
At SBC ip address of e0 is 192.168.3.1 / 24ip address of s1 is 10.1.0.2 / 16
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Networking
Typical static routing
e0 e0e0
s0s0s1 s1
HYB MAS SBC
At HYB network address of e0 is 192.168.1.0network address of s0 is 10.0.0.0
At MAS network address of e0 is 192.168.2.0network address of s1 is 10.0.0.0network address of s0 is 10.1.0.0
At SBC network address of e0 is 192.168.3.0network address of s1 is 10.1.0.0
192.168.1.0
10.1.0.010.0.0.0
192.168.2.0 192.168.3.0
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static routing
e0 e0e0
s0s0s1 s1
HYB MAS SBC
In static routing unknown networks are defined Networks which are indirectly connected to the router
are called unknown networks.
At HYB unknown networks are192.168.2.0 , 10.1.0.0, 192.168.3.0 At MAS unknown networks are
192.168.1.0, 192.168.3.0 At SBC unknown networks are
192.168.2.0, 10.0.0.0, 192.168.1.0
192.168.1.0
10.1.0.010.0.0.0
192.168.2.0 192.168.3.0
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192.168.1.0
Typical static routing
e0 e0e0
s0s0s1 s1
HYB MAS SBC
At HYB ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 s0ip route 10.1.0.0 255.255.0.0 s0
ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 s0At MAS ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 s1ip route 191.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 s0
At SBC ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 s1ip route 10.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 s1
ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 s1
192.168.1.0
10.1.0.010.0.0.0
192.168.2.0 192.168.3.0
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THANK YOU