A Transformation of Iterative Loops into Recursive Loops - UPV
NET ENERGY WATER LOOPS - MN ASHRAEmnashrae.org/downloads/Refrigeration_Seminar_2017/... · mass...
Transcript of NET ENERGY WATER LOOPS - MN ASHRAEmnashrae.org/downloads/Refrigeration_Seminar_2017/... · mass...
Presents
NET ENERGY WATER LOOPS A clear path to net zero energy buildings
Alan Niles WaterFurnace International
Net Zero Energy Building Design:
• Analyze the unique energy profile of the building
• Increase the efficiency of each system as they function as part of a
whole within the building
• Share energy across all of the systems within the building to minimize
waste energy
Net Energy Water Loops
Net Zero Energy Building Design:
• Analyze the unique energy profile of the building
• Increase the efficiency of each system as they function as part of a
whole within the building
• Share energy across all of the systems within the building to minimize
waste energy
The Goal:
• Reduce the energy foot print without sacrificing comfort or functionality
• Increase the impact of onsite renewable energy
Net Energy Water Loops
HVAC Systems for a Net Zero Energy Building Design
must meet specific characteristics:
1. Capture and effectively transport energy from HVAC and non-HVAC sources
throughout the structure
2. Be scalable for any size building with minimal effects to overall efficiency
3. Provide maximum efficiency and maximum comfort with controllable
performance for each zone
4. Easily connect to onsite renewable energy opportunities
Net Energy Water Loops
Requirements for a Net Energy Loop:
Low cost transportation of energy throughout the building
AIR
1. Requires a large amount of conditioned space to run ductwork
2. Fan Power excessive as net energy air loop increases
Net Energy Water Loops
Requirements for a Net Energy Loop:
Low cost transportation of energy throughout the building
REFRIGERANT
1. Can only share energy within a single circuit
2. Compressor losses limits scalability (440 equivalent feet of line sets
causes 20% reduction in compressor efficiency)
Net Energy Water Loops
Requirements for a Net Energy Loop:
Low cost transportation of energy throughout the building
WATER
1. Moves energy 10 times more efficient than air
2. Small diameter piping moves large amount of energy
3. Scalable and easy to shut off flow to zones that are satisfied for
minimizing operating costs of the transportation system
4. Easy to connect to onsite renewables like solar, ground loop, and bio-
mass heat
Net Energy Water Loops
Net Energy Water Loops
Pe
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Inc
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Start with a Water Loop Heat Pump (WLHP) System
LOW INSTALLED COST
Net Energy Water Loops
Air Cooled VRF 33% 31% 30% no data
From Reps and Installing Contractors
LOW INSTALLED COST
Net Energy Water Loops
GLHP System Dramatically reduces Peak Load
ASHRAE Headquarters in Atlanta Live Data Available online http://images.ashrae.biz/renovation/
January 1, 2012 to May 9, 2012 Energy Use
Net Energy Water Loops
ASHRAE Headquarters in Atlanta
2010 HVAC Energy
GLHP = 25.26 kWh / sq. ft. / year
VRF = 39.66 kWh / sq. ft. / year
Net Energy Water Loops
ASHRAE Headquarters in Atlanta
2010 HVAC Energy
GSHP = 25.26 kWh / sq. ft. / year
VRF = 39.66 kWh / sq. ft. / year
Net Energy Water Loops
ASHRAE Headquarters in Atlanta
2010 to 2012 HVAC Energy
Net Energy Water Loops
ASHRAE Headquarters in Atlanta
Net Energy Water Loops
ASHRAE Headquarters in Atlanta
Net Energy Water Loops
Hides above the ceiling increasing leasable space
Net Energy Water Loops
Horizontal Cabinets Mirror Image Air Flow Patterns
Discharge Air Flow Pattern is Field Convertible
Net Energy Water Loops
Net Energy Water Loops
Net Energy Water Loops
Vertical Cabinets Mirror Image Air Flow Patterns
Net Energy Water Loops
Net Energy Water Loops
Maximum Comfort at the Lowest Operating Cost for your budget
THE WLHP SYSTEM BECOMES THE BACKBONE OF
A BUILDING-WIDE NET ENERGY WATER LOOP
Net Energy Water Loops
Integrate as much system efficiency as your budget
allows
• Upgrade to High Efficiency WSHP’s
• Add Heat Recovery for DHW
• Add Heat Recovery to Exhaust Air/Makeup Air
• Add Renewable Energy Hybrid Ground Loop
• Add other Renewable Energy (solar, wind, biomass)
• Integrate chilled beam, radiant floor, six pipe simultaneous chiller/boiler technology
• Integrate non-HVAC equipment:
- ice making machines, freezer cases, refrigeration cases, snow melt, ice rinks, process water, black water waste, grey water, sprinkler water
Net Energy Water Loops
Integrate as much system efficiency as your budget
allows
Upgrade to High Efficiency WSHP’s
• Standard efficiency 12 EER means for every 1 watt of electricity consumed,
3.52 watts of energy is removed from the conditioned space (1 ton of cooling)
resulting in 4.52 watts of waste heat delivered to the net energy water loop
• High efficiency 21.6 EER reduces the electricity consumed from 1 watt to only
0.56 watts to remove the same amount of energy from the zone and reduces
the waste heat delivered to the net energy water loop from 4.52 watts to 4.08
watts
Net Energy Water Loops
Impact of system efficiency and waste heat to a ground loop
Basis of Design:
60 bore holes x 305 ft per hole x $10/ft
Total: $ 183,000.00
75.5 Connected Tons of GLHP’s
Cost of Heat Pumps with Accessories
$ 60,000.00
Basis of Design 20.0 EER
Alternate # 1 18.5 EER
Alternate # 2 17.5 EER
Alternate # 3 17.0 EER
Net Energy Water Loops
Impact of system efficiency and waste heat to a ground loop
Basis of Design:
60 bore holes x 305 ft per hole x $10/ft
Total: $ 183,000.00
Add for Alt #1:
60 bore holes X 5 ft per hole = 300 bore ft
Plus 8 holes X 310 ft = 2,480 bore ft
Total: 2,780 bore ft X $10/ft = $ 27,800.00 15% add
75.5 Connected Tons of GLHP’s
Cost of Heat Pumps with Accessories
$ 60,000.00
Basis of Design 20.0 EER
Alternate # 1 18.5 EER
Alternate # 2 17.5 EER
Alternate # 3 17.0 EER
Net Energy Water Loops
Impact of system efficiency and waste heat to a ground loop
Basis of Design:
60 bore holes x 305 ft per hole x $10/ft
Total: $ 183,000.00
Add for Alt #1:
60 bore holes X 5 ft per hole = 300 bore ft
Plus 8 holes X 310 ft = 2,480 bore ft
Total: 2,780 bore ft X $10/ft = $ 27,800.00 15% add
Add for Alt # 2:
16 holes X 305 ft = 4,880 bore ft
Total: 4,880 bore ft X $10/ft = $ 48,800.00 27% add 75.5 Connected Tons of GLHP’s
Cost of Heat Pumps with Accessories
$ 60,000.00
Basis of Design 20.0 EER
Alternate # 1 18.5 EER
Alternate # 2 17.5 EER
Alternate # 3 17.0 EER
Net Energy Water Loops
Impact of system efficiency and waste heat to a ground loop
Basis of Design:
60 bore holes x 305 ft per hole x $10/ft
Total: $ 183,000.00
Add for Alt #1:
60 bore holes X 5 ft per hole = 300 bore ft
Plus 8 holes X 310 ft = 2,480 bore ft
Total: 2,780 bore ft X $10/ft = $ 27,800.00 15% add
Add for Alt # 2:
16 holes X 305 ft = 4,880 bore ft
Total: 4,880 bore ft X $10/ft = $ 48,800.00 27% add
Add for Alt # 3:
60 holes X 10 ft per hole = 600 bore ft
Plus 16 holes X 315 ft = 5,040 bore ft
Total: 5,640 bore ft X $10/ft = $ 56,400.00 31% add
75.5 Connected Tons of GLHP’s
Cost of Heat Pumps with Accessories
$ 60,000.00
Basis of Design 20.0 EER
Alternate # 1 18.5 EER
Alternate # 2 17.5 EER
Alternate # 3 17.0 EER
Net Energy Water Loops
Integrate as much system efficiency as your budget
allows
• Add Heat Recovery to DHW
• Add Heat Recovery from Exhaust Air/Makeup Air
Net Energy Water Loops
Net Energy Water Loops
ASHRAE 90.1-2010
Section 6.5.6.2.1 and 6.5.6.2.2
The required heat recovery system shall have the capacity to
provide (as a minimum) the smaller of:
a. 60% of the peak heat rejection load at design conditions, or
b. preheat of the peak service hot water draw to 85°F.
How much heat can be recovered
from the HVAC system?
Net Energy Water Loops
Heat Recovery Calculation
Given: 100 ton Building
Zone Distribution: 60% core (60 tons), 40% perimeter (40 tons)
Snap Shot Winter Occupied Mode: 65% of core in cooling mode, 85% of perimeter in heating mode
Core (cooling mode)
60 tons x 0.65 (percent running) x 3 GPM/ton x 10 F (rise) x 500 = 585,000 BTUH heat rejected
Perimeter (heating mode)
40 tons x 0.85 (percent running) x 3 GPM/ton x 6 F (drop) x 500 = 306,000 BTUH heat absorbed
Net Heat Gain to the Net Energy Water Loop = 279,000 BTUH
Net Energy Water Loops
Heat Recovery Calculation
Net Heat Gain to the Net Energy Water Loop = 279,000 BTUH
OA Pre-Heat Analysis
100 ton x 400 CFM/ton x 25% OA = 10,000 CFM of OA
Available Dry Bulb Rise of OA
279,000 BTUH / (10,000 CFM x 1.085) = 25 F Rise
100% recovered waste heat for preheating OA from 30F to 55F
Or DHW Pre-Heat Analysis
279,000 BTUH/(500 x (110 F LWT – 70 F EWT) = 14 gallon per minute
100% recovered waste heat for preheating 14 GPM of hot water or
840 gallons per hour
Net Energy Water Loops
Net Energy Water Loops
Integrate as much system efficiency as your budget
allows
• Add Renewable Energy Hybrid Ground Loop
Net Energy Water Loops
85 F Supply Water
95 F Return Water
10F Across the Cooling Tower
Net Energy Water Loops
95 F
90 F Return Water
79 F
85 F Supply Water
95 F 87 F
Only 5F Across the Cooling Tower
One unit in each zone with individual local temperature control
Net Energy Water Loops
95 F
86.8 F Return Water
79 F
85 F Supply Water
95 F
84 F
Only 1.8F Across the Cooling Tower
Heat Recovery To OA AHU Snow Melt Domestic Hot Water Pre-Heat 130 F or 160 F Hot Water
Water-to-Water Unit
Net Energy Water Loops
95 F
86.8 F Return Water
79 F
85 F Supply Water
95 F
84 F
Water-to-Water Unit
Only 1.8F to the Ground Loop
Heat Recovery To OA AHU Snow Melt Domestic Hot Water Pre-Heat 130 F or 160 F Hot Water
Net Energy Water Loops
Supply Water approaches Ground Temperature
Typical Water Source Heat Pump Cooling Performance
Net Energy Water Loops
33% Increase
Typical Water Source Heat Pump Cooling Performance
Net Energy Water Loops
33% Increase
Typical Water Source Heat Pump Cooling Performance
Published EER is actual operating efficiency based on
specific operating conditions and the actual
Net cooling capacity of the WSHP
These are not seasonally adjusted IEER's or SEER's
Net Energy Water Loops
Hybrid GLHP Systems
Take Advantage of Part Load Operation
Commercial Building Loads are only 50% or less of the Peak Load for
80% - 90% of the Year
Renewable Energy Hybrid GLHP Systems should be sold just like
Solar PV Panels
Only install the amount that is most economical
Net Energy Water Loops
Take Advantage of Part Load Operation
50% of the hours In the year
27% Flow
80% of the hours In the year
54% Flow
Net Energy Water Loops
552 GPM System (2.8 GPM/ton) with VFD Pumping
Maximize Property Area
Net Energy Water Loops
Net Energy Water Loops
Great River Medical Center – Burlington, Iowa 1500 Ton, 2002 ASHRAE Technology Award
Integrate as much system efficiency as your budget
allows
Using 6 Pipe chiller/boiler technology, integrate more hydronic
technologies in zones of the building where the application
makes sense:
• Chilled beam
• Underfloor Displacement Ventilation
• Radiant floor
• Ice Storage
• Integral Waterside Economizer
Net Energy Water Loops
Six Pipe Simultaneous Chiller/Boiler
How It Works
Six Pipe Simultaneous Chiller/Boiler
Condenser Evaporator
Single Screw Compressor or Dual Scroll Compressors
Six Pipe Simultaneous Chiller/Boiler
Condenser Evaporator
Chilled Water Supply & Return
Hot Water Supply & Return
Net Energy Water Loop Supply & Return
Single Screw Compressor or Dual Scroll Compressors
Condenser Evaporator
Chilled Water Supply & Return
Hot Water Supply & Return
Net Energy Water Loop Supply & Return
Single Screw Compressor or Dual Scroll Compressors
Two Way Water Valves And Three Way Valves
Six Pipe Simultaneous Chiller/Boiler
Two Way Water Valves And Three Way Valves
Condenser Evaporator
Chilled Water Supply & Return
Hot Water Supply & Return
Net Energy Water Loop Supply & Return
Single Screw Compressor or Dual Scroll Compressors
Chilled Water Mode
Six Pipe Simultaneous Chiller/Boiler
Hot Water Mode
Six Pipe Simultaneous Chiller/Boiler
Condenser Evaporator
Chilled Water Supply & Return
Hot Water Supply & Return
Net Energy Water Loop Supply & Return
Single Screw Compressor or Dual Scroll Compressors
Simultaneous Chilled Water & Hot Water Mode
Six Pipe Simultaneous Chiller/Boiler
Condenser Evaporator
Chilled Water Supply & Return
Hot Water Supply & Return
Net Energy Water Loop Supply & Return
Single Screw Compressor or Dual Scroll Compressors
Simultaneous Chilled Water & Hot Water Mode
Six Pipe Simultaneous Chiller/Boiler
Condenser Evaporator
Chilled Water Supply & Return
Hot Water Supply & Return
Net Energy Water Loop Supply & Return
Single Screw Compressor or Dual Scroll Compressors
Partial Simultaneous
Mode
Six Pipe Simultaneous Chiller/Boiler
Condenser Evaporator
Chilled Water Supply & Return
Hot Water Supply & Return
Net Energy Water Loop Supply & Return
Single Screw Compressor or Dual Scroll Compressors
Allows for simultaneous control of both the Chilled Water and the Hot Water Set Point
Waterside Economizer
Mode
Six Pipe Simultaneous Chiller/Boiler
Condenser Evaporator
Chilled Water Supply & Return
Hot Water Supply & Return
Net Energy Water Loop Supply & Return
Single Screw Compressor or Dual Scroll Compressors
Six Pipe Simultaneous Chiller/Boiler
Condenser Evaporator
Chilled Water Supply & Return
Hot Water Supply & Return
Single Screw Compressor or Dual Scroll Compressors
Condenser Evaporator
Single Screw Compressor or Dual Scroll Compressors
Net Energy Water Loop Supply & Return
Primary Variable Speed Pumping
Hot Water Supply
Chilled Water Supply
Net Energy Loop
Six Pipe Simultaneous Chiller/Boiler
Integrate as much system efficiency as your budget
allows
Integrate non-HVAC systems and equipment:
ice making machines, freezer cases, refrigeration cases, snow melt, ice
rinks, process water, black water waste, grey water, sprinkler water
Net Energy Water Loops
Net Energy Water Loops
Black Water/Grey Water Heat Exchanger
Black Water/Grey Water Heat Exchanger
Net Energy Water Loops
Black Water/Grey Water Heat Exchanger
Net Energy Water Loops
Ice Making Machines, Freezer Cases, Refrigeration Cases,
Walk-in Freezers
AHRI Certified EER improves 20% using water cooled Ice
Making Machines as compared to air cooled machines. • Units are quieter
• Units do not add a heat load to the zone
• Units require less maintenance
Freezer and Refrigeration Cases are free sources of energy for
the Net Energy Water Loop and selecting "water cooled"
improves efficiency, reduces refrigerant charge, and improves
comfort by reducing sound levels
Net Energy Water Loops
The GLHP system in this Minnesota gas
station heats and cools the building:
provides hot water, food refrigeration, and
ice making; and melts snow to and from the
carwash.
5 HP Cooler Case downsized to 3 HP
3 HP Freezer Case downsized to 1 HP
Integrating Hybrid Ground Loop, Snow Melt, DHW, Freezer Cases,
and Refrigeration Cases
Net Energy Water Loops
Net Energy Water Loops
Integrate as much system efficiency as your budget
allows
Add Renewable Energy
Solar PV Panels
Wind Power Generators
Solar Hot Water Panels
Co-Generation Bio-Mass
Questions ?
Alan Niles