Nervous Tissue p Px

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NERVOUS TISSUE

DEFINITIONFUNCTIONLOCATIONTYPES

DEFINITION

nervoustissue1.jpgNERVOUS TISSUE

THE MAIN COMPONENT OF THE TWO PARTS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

NAMELY; THE BRAIN AND THE SPINAL CORD OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

(CNS) AND THE BRANCHING PERIPHERAL NERVES OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM OR THE (PNS) THAT REGULATES AND CONTROLS BODILY FUNCTIONS AND ACTIVITIES

FOUR TYPES OF NERVOUS TISSUE

IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS TISSUE

*GRAY MATTER

*WHITE MATTER

IN THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS TISSUE

*NERVES

*GANGLIA

TISSUES ARE CATEGORIZED ACC TO NEURONAL AND NEUROGLIAL COMPONENTS

NERVOUS TISSUE TYPE IN THE CNS

GRAY MATTER

COMPOSED OF CELL BODIES, DENDRITES, UNMYELINATED AXONS, PROTOPLASMIC ASTROCYTES SATELLITE OLIGODENDROCYTE, MICROGLIA, AND VERY FEW MYELINATED AXONS

WHITE MATTER

COMPOSED OF MYELINATED AXONS, FIBROUS ASTROCYTES MYELINATING OLIGODENDROCYTES AND MICROGLIA

NERVOUS TISSUE IN THE PNS

GANGLION

COMPOSED OF CELL BODIES, DENDRITES AND SATELLITE GLIAL CELLS

NERVES

COMPOSED OF MYELINATED AND UNMYELINATED AXONS, SCHWANN CELLS SURROUNDED BY CONNECTIVE TISSUE

COMPONENTS OF NERVOUS TISSUE
(main types of CELLS)

neurons-fly-through_3d_model_max_018a5aaf-c21b-4d9e-aa44-e6ac6847183b.jpg

NEURONS/NERVE CELLS

RECEIVES AND

TRANSMITS IMPULSES

neurons/nerve cells

cells with specialized features that allow them to receive and facilitate nerve impulses or action potentials across their membrane to the next neuron.

they possess a large cell body called SOMA with cell projections called dendrites and an axon. dendrites are thin branching projections that receive electrochemical signaling( neurotransmitters)to create a change in the voltage of the cell. Axons are long projections that carry action potential away from the cell body toward the next neuron. the bulb-like end of the axon called axon terminal is separated from the dendrite of the following neuron by a small gap called synapse. When the action potential travels to the axon terminal, neurotransmitters are released across the synapse and bind to the post-synaptic receptors continuing the nerve impulse

classification of neuron

FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION

SENSORY NEURONS (AFFERENT)

Relay sensory information In the form of an action potential (nerve impulse) to the CNS to the PNS

MOTOR NEURONS (EFFERENT)

Relay an action potential out of the CNS to the proper effector (muscles, glands)

INTERNEURONS

cells that forms connection between neurons and whose processes are limited to a single local are in the brain or spinal cord

STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION

MULTIPOLAR NEURONS: have 3 or more processes coming off the soma(cell body) They are major neuron type in CNS and include interneurons and motor neurons

BIPOLAR NEURONS

Sensory neurons that have one processes coming off the soma, one dendrite and one axon

CLASSIFICATION OF NEURON

PSEUDUONIPOLAR NEURONS

SENSORY NEURONS THAT HAVE ONE PROCESS THAT SPLITS INTO TWO BRANCHES FORMING THE AXON AND THE DENDRITE

UNIPOLAR BRUSH CELLS

EXCITATORY GLUTAMATERGIC INTERNEURONS THAT HAVE A SINGLE SHORT DENDRITE TERMINATING INTO A BRUSH-LIKE TUFT OF DENDRIOLES THESE ARE FOUND IN THE GRANULAR LAYER OF THE CEREBELLUM

FEATURE-Microglia-iStock_000006935562Small.jpg

NEUROGLIA/GLIAL CELLS/ GLIAL(from the greek word that means glue)

ASSISTS PROPAGATION OF THE NERVE IMPULSES;PROVIDES NUTRIENTS TO THE

NEURONS

COMPONENTS OF NERVOUS TISSUE
(main types of CELLS)

clad-2.jpg2 (1).jpghAstroPro-astrocyte-ad-2.jpgTYPES OF NEUROGLIAL CELLS/ GLIA CELLS

ASTROGLIAL CELL

(ASTROCYTE)

FOUND IN THE CNS/ BRAIN AND THE SPINAL CORD

STRUCTURE: STAR SHAPED CELL. HAS MANY PROCESSES EXTENDING FROM ITS CELL BODY INTO THE SURROUNDING NETWORK OF NERVE FIBERS

FUNCTIONS: SUPPLIES NUTRIENTS TO NEURONS

REMOVES EXCESS NEUROTRANSMITTERS

MAINTAINS APPROPRIATE BALANCE OF CA2+ AND K+

HELPS MIGRATION OF NEURONS DURING BRAIN DEVELOPMENT

AIDS FORMATION OF BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER

PARTICIPATES IN INFORMATION STORAGE PROCESSES

EPENDYMAL CELL

FOUND IN CNS/ BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD TISSUE

STRUCTURE: FORMS FORM EXTREMELY THIN MEMBRANE CALLED EPENDYMAL THAT LINES THE VENTRICLES OF THE BRAIN AND CHOROID PLEXUSES

FUNCTIONS:PROTECTION

FORMS CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

AIDS CIRCULATION AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

MICROGLIAL CELL

FOUND IN CNS

STRUCTURE: SMALL GLIAL CELLS

FUNCTION: PROTECTS CNS NEURONS FROM DISEASES E.G. BY CLEARING AWAY DEBRIS AND DEAD CELLS SOME DEFINES MICROGLIA HAVING A MAINLY SCAVENGING FUNCTION

download.jpg1_1.jpg2405f3a1-07b2-45a4-b3e3-7a6896922384Large.jpgTYPES OF NEUROGLIAL CELLS/ GLIA CELLS

OLIGODENDROCYTE

FOUND IN CNS

STRUCTURE: DIFFERS FROM ASTROCYTES BY HAVING FEWER AND THINNER PROCESSES AND NO GAP JUNCTIONS

FUNCTIONS: FORMS SUPPORTING NETWORK AROUND CNS NEURONS

EQUIVALENT OF SCHWANN CELLS AS THEY PRODUCE MYELIN SHEATH AROUND SEVERAL ADJACENT AXONS OF CNS NEURONS

SCHWANN CELLS

FORMS PART OF THE MYELIN SHEATH

ALSO HELPS WITH THE REGENERATION OF PNS AXONS

FUNCTION OF NERVOUS TISSUE

TO FORM COMMUNICATION NETWORK OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM BY CONDUCTING ELECTRIC SIGNALS ACROSS TISSUE IN THE CNS THE GRAY MATTER WHICH CONTAINS SYNAPSES IS IMPORTANT FOR INFORMATION PROCESSING, WHITE MATTER CONTAINING MYELINATED AXONS CONNECTS AND FACILITATES NERVE IMPULSES IN BETWEEN GRAY MATTER AREAS IN THE CNS AND IN THE PNS, THAT GANGLION TISSUE CONTAINING THE CELL BODIES AND DENDRITES CONTAIN RELAY POINTS OF THE NERVE TISSUE IMPULSES. THE NERVE TISSUE CONTAINING MYELINATED AXON BUNDLES CARRIES ACTION POTENTIAL/ NERVE IMPULSES

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Nervous Tissue p Px

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