Nervous Systems - deanza.edu · Brain (a) Hydra (cnidarian) Nerve net Nerve ring Radial nerve (b)...
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Nervous Systems & Reflexes Heyer Nervous Systems (e) Insect (arthropod) Segmental ganglia Ventral nerve cord Brain (a) Hydra (cnidarian) Nerve net Nerve ring Radial nerve (b) Sea star (echinoderm) Anterior nerve ring Longitudinal nerve cords (f) Chiton (mollusc) (g) Squid (mollusc) Ganglia Brain Ganglia (c) Planarian (flatworm) Nerve cords Transverse nerve Brain Eyespot Brain (d) Leech (annelid) Segmental ganglia Ventral nerve cord Brain Spinal cord (dorsal nerve cord) Sensory ganglia (h) Salamander (vertebrate) Temporal & Spatial Summation • EPSP: excitatory post-synaptic potential • IPSP: inhibitory post-synaptic potential Sensory Convergence / Somatic Motor Divergence Primary somatosensory cortex Frontal lobe Pharynx Parietal lobe Teeth Gums Jaw Tongue Lips Face Nose Eye Thumb Fingers Hand Forearm Elbow Upper arm Head Neck Trunk Hip Leg Genitals Abdominal organs Primary motor cortex Tongue Toes Jaw Lips Face Eye Brow Neck Fingers Hand Wrist Forearm Elbow Shoulder Trunk Hip Knee Thumb Cross-section of vertebrate spinal cord White matter Cell body of sensory neuron in dorsal root ganglion Spinal cord (cross section) Gray matter Hamstring muscle Quadriceps muscle Sensory neuron Motor neuron Interneuron Spinal Reflex Arc
Transcript of Nervous Systems - deanza.edu · Brain (a) Hydra (cnidarian) Nerve net Nerve ring Radial nerve (b)...
Nervous Systems & Reflexes Heyer
Nervous Systems
(e) Insect (arthropod)
Segmentalganglia
Ventralnerve cord
Brain
(a) Hydra (cnidarian)
Nerve net
Nervering
Radialnerve
(b) Sea star (echinoderm)
Anteriornerve ring
Longitudinalnerve cords
(f) Chiton (mollusc) (g) Squid (mollusc)
Ganglia
BrainGanglia
(c) Planarian (flatworm)
Nervecords
Transversenerve
Brain
EyespotBrain
(d) Leech (annelid)
Segmentalganglia
Ventralnervecord
Brain
Spinalcord(dorsalnervecord)
Sensoryganglia
(h) Salamander (vertebrate)
Temporal & Spatial Summation
• EPSP: excitatory post-synaptic potential• IPSP: inhibitory post-synaptic potential
Sensory Convergence / Somatic Motor Divergence
Primarysomatosensory cortex
Frontal lobe
Pharynx
Parietal lobe
TeethGumsJawTongue
Lips
Face
Nose
Eye
Thumb
FingersHand
ForearmE
lbowU
pper arm
Head
Neck
Tru
nk
Hip
Leg
Genitals
Abdominalorgans
Primarymotor cortex
Tongue
Toes
Jaw
Lips
Face
Eye
Brow
Neck
FingersHand
Wrist
ForearmE
lbowS
houlderT
run
kH
ip
Kn
ee
Thumb
Cross-section of vertebrate spinal cord
Whitematter
Cell body ofsensory neuron indorsal rootganglion
Spinal cord(cross section)
Graymatter
Hamstringmuscle
Quadricepsmuscle
Sensory neuronMotor neuronInterneuron
Spinal Reflex Arc
Nervous Systems & Reflexes Heyer
Spinal Reflexes
• Monosynaptic vs. Polysynaptic• Excititory vs. Inhibitory• Reciprocal innervation• Intrasegmental vs. Intersegmental• Ipsilateral vs. Contralateral
Spinal Reflexes• Preview
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmNQdLkkJHM
• Spinal Reflex Intro– http://www.youtube.com/user/HAPProf#p/u/5/8EmCV-aVQOQ
• The Stretch Reflex– http://www.youtube.com/user/HAPProf#p/u/3/HfuhVWK8C0U
• The Tendon Reflex– http://www.youtube.com/user/HAPProf#p/u/1/lT9XhORYHJ8
• Flexor (Withdrawl) Reflex– http://www.youtube.com/user/HAPProf#p/u/4/RLe9koPfVoo
• Crossed Extensor Reflex– http://www.youtube.com/user/HAPProf#p/u/2/iaXVUtS8Y4I
Crossed Extensor Reflex Crossed Extensor Reflex
