Nervous System. NERVOUS SYSTEM Two Parts Central (CNS) Peripheral (PNS)
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Transcript of Nervous System. NERVOUS SYSTEM Two Parts Central (CNS) Peripheral (PNS)
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Nervous System
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NERVOUS SYSTEM
B R A IN S P IN A LC O R D
C E N T R A LN E R V O U SS Y S T E M
N E R V E S S E N S EO R G A N S
P E R IP H E R A LN E R V O U SS Y S T E M
N E R V O U SS Y S T E M
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Two Parts
• Central (CNS)
• Peripheral (PNS)
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http://inside.salve.edu/walsh/cns_pns.jpg
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Central Nervous System
• Brain
• Spinal Cord
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The Brain
• Coordinates body activities • Made up of approximately 100 billion
neurons • Divided into three major parts-
– the cerebrum– the cerebellum– the brain stem (medulla)
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Cerebrum• Largest part of the brain• Used for:
– Thinking– Memory is stored– Movements are controlled– Impulses from the senses are
interpreted.
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Cerebellum
• Interprets stimuli from eyes, ears, muscles
• Controls voluntary muscle movements
• Maintains muscle tone
• Helps maintain balance
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Medulla (Brain Stem)• Connects brain to spinal cord
• Act as pathways connecting various parts of the brain with each other
• Controls involuntary actions– Breathing, digestion, heart beat
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http://www.cbituk.org/GRAPHICS/brain.gif
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The Spinal Cord
• Extension of the brain stem
• Bundles of neurons that carry impulses from all parts of the body to the brain and from the brain to all parts of your body
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PERIPHERAL NERVOUSSYSTEM
NERVES AND SENSES
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Nerve Cells
• Neurons– Basic functioning units of the nervous
system
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http://ilearn.senecac.on.ca/aahs/health/IHP/ottawa/anatomy/neuron/map/neuron.html
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http://35.9.122.184/images/40-AnimalStructureAndFunction/
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Neurons
• Made up of a cell body and branches called dendrites and axons – Dendrites receive messages from other
neurons and send them to the cell body – Axons carry messages away from the
cell body
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Any message carried by a neuron is called an impulse Any message carried by a neuron is called an impulse
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Neurons
A message carried by a neuron is called an impulse
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Types of Neurons
• Sensory
• Motor
• Interneuron
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Sensory Neurons
• Receive information
• Send impulses to the brain or spinal cord
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Interneurons
• Send impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons
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Motor Neurons
• Conduct impulses from the brain or spinal cord to muscles or glands throughout your body
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STIMULUS /RESPONSE
•
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Synapse
• Small space across which an impulse moves from an axon to the dendrites or cell body of another neuron
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Synapse
• As impulse reaches the end of an axon, axon releases a chemical
• Flows across the synapse
• Stimulates the impulse in the dendrite of the next neuron
• Impulse moves from neuron to neuron
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http://www.med.harvard.edu/publications/On_The_Brain/Volume7/Number1/images/Neuron.jpg
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http://mhln.com
An impulse moves in only one direction across a synapse - from an axon to the dendrites or cell body of
another neuron.
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Peripheral Nervous System
• Connects body to brain & spinal cord• 12 pairs of nerves from your brain
(cranial nerves)• 31 pairs from your spinal cord (spinal
nerves)– Bundles of sensory and motor neurons
held together by connective tissue
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http://www.christopherreeve.org/Research/Research.cfm?ID=178&c=21
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Peripheral Nervous System
• Two divisions– Somatic– Autonomic
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http://abdellab.sunderland.ac.uk/lectures/Parmacology/Pics/anatomy/PNS.GIF
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Somatic Nervous System
• Controls voluntary actions
• Made up of the cranial and spinal nerves that go from the central nervous system to your skeletal muscles
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Autonomic Nervous System
• Controls involuntary actions-those not under conscious control-such as your heart rate, breathing, digestion, and glandular functions
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http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/autonomic.gif
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Reflexes
• Involuntary, automatic response to a stimulus
• Involves a simple nerve pathway called a reflex arc
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