Nerve name Cause of injury Motor decit Sensory decit

Long thoracic n. Winged scapula 1.Loss of serratus anterior muscle function 2. Loss of trapezius muscle function

Axillary n. Fracture of surgical neck of humerus; anterior

shoulder dislocation

Paralysis of the teres minor muscle and deltoid muscle Cant abduct arm > 90o

Radial n.

C5-C8 Posterior cord of the brachial plexus Function: innervated posterior m. of the arm and forearm, extend digits, wrist, elbow, supination

Midshaft fractures of humerus; draping the arm over a park bench (called "Saturday night palsy") Injury produces wrist drop.

The radial nerve (and its deep branch) provides motor innervation to the muscles in the posterior compartment of the arm and forearm, which are mostly extensors.Triceps brachii

Anconeus

Brachioradialis

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Supinator

Extensor digitorum

Extensor digiti minimi

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Abductor pollicis longus

Extensor pollicis brevis

Extensor pollicis longus

Extensor indicis

The superficial branch of the radial nerve provides sensory innervation to much of the back of the hand, including the web of skin between the thumb and index finger.

Ulnar n.

C8-T11 Medial cord of the

brachial plexus Function: flex wrist and digits 4-5, abduct and adduct digits 2-5

At the Elbow: Fracture of medial epicondyle of the humerus. Injury produces a "claw hand" (loss of interosseous muscles) "funny bone

Flexors:

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Flexor digitorum profundus Hypothenar muscles:

Opponens digiti minimi

Abductor digiti minimi

Flexor digiti minimi brevis The 3-4 lumbrical muscles

Dorsal interossei

Palmar interossei

4-5 palmary digits

Median n.

from parts of the medial and lateral

cords of the brachial plexus

Carpal tunnel syndrome: injures of the median nerve in the transverse carpal ligament of the wrist Causes: rheumatoid arthritis and pregnancy most common causes. Pain, numbness, or paresthesias in the thumb, index finger, second finger, third finger, and the radial side of fourth finger; thenar atrophy produces "ape" hand appearance loss of pronation, opposition and flexion movements of thumb are lost

Pope's Blessing / Hand of Benediction

Pronator teres

Flexor carpi radialis

Palmaris longus

Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle

lateral (radial) half of Flexor digitorum profundus

Flexor pollicis longus

Pronator quadratus

in palmar side of the hand sensation of lateral part of hand, first three fingers and lateral half of the fourth finger and in dorsal side sensation of distal portions of first three fingers and lateral half of distal portion of fourth finger is lost.

(Erb-Duchenne Palsy) is a paralysis of the arm caused by injury to the upper group of the arm's main nerves (specifically, spinal roots C5-C7), almost always occurring during birth. Brachial plexus lesion involving C5 and C6 "Waiter's tip deformity

Thoracic outlet syndrome (Klumpkes palsy) An embryologic defect; can compress subclavian artery and inferior trunk of brachial plexus (C8, T1) 1. Atrophy of the thenar and hypothenar eminences 2. Atrophy of the interosseous muscles 3. Sensory decits on the medial side of the forearm and hand 4. Disappearance of the radial pulse upon moving the head toward the opposite side