N.E.quest Volume 2 Issue 4 January 2009

Newsletter of North East India Research Forum

N E Quest Volume 2 Issue 4 January 2009 1



Newsletter of

NORTH EAST INDIA RESEARCH FORUM

(Dedicated to Late Mohinibala Rabha)

httptechgroupsyahoocomgroupnortheast_india_research

wwwneindiaresearchorg


From the desk of Editor

It is my great privilege and honour to have the opportunity to write the editorial of this issue of the NE Quest After a successful journey of 4 years of this forum while taking the pen to write for the news letter suddenly an Assamese poem has pop up to my mind Although these beautiful words are impossible to translate still if I try perhaps it may look like ldquoEvery droplets of water falling from the clouds fills the vast ocean the coagulation of smallest sand particles builds the mighty earthhelliprdquo As said in this poem our forum was also started only with two members on a golden moment of 13th November 2004 and by now in its 5th year of span we have strength of 263 members Hereby I would like to thank Arindam for conceiving and executing such a beautiful idea and giving us a glorious platform to share our thoughts I strongly believe that this forum will help us to develop our writing or expression ability and also to build constructive thoughts to help the progress of our region I wish a very bright future of our forum Today through this column of editorial I would like to take the opportunity to put forwards few of my bubble of feelings for your kind attention Firstly I would like to draw our attention towards the increasing terrorist activities in Indian particularly in our NE region Probably nobody will ever be able to forget the incident of 31 October 2008 even though presently living far away still when I got the news I felt myself deep and deep inside sea ndash everywhere I saw only bluehellip We really donrsquot know in which

direction our nation has been driven by these present situations Probably except terrorism activities our nation is lagging behind in all respect from rest of the world We canrsquot compete with the world why What we donrsquot have - resource manpower or knowledge I think actually we have everything For instance if we compare the available natural resources only of NE Region probably we will be in a very good rank in the world Just for statistical data if I compare one of the states of north east India Assam with Israel which is considered as one of the most advance countries in south west Asia then we will find Israel has total area of 2077022072 km2 total population just above 7337000 and Assam stands with 78438 km2 of land having approximate 26656528 population Most interesting data is the population density ie 324km2 and 340km2 for Israel and Assam respective really very close figure On the other hand Israel is a nation with very limited natural resources even dry and with limited water resources in contrast Assam has everything in plenty But where is Israel and where is Assam Why so I know that there are many factors but at this moment I think terrorism and its related happenings are the biggest curse for the people of Assam as well as for the nation One day there will be a bomb blast and from the next day different parties (either political or non-political) will start to call ldquoASSAM BANDHrdquo to protest it Is there any positive out put from the ldquoBandhrdquo culture I think no the only impact is that we are directly going down in path of progress by one day from the rest of the world So the ldquoBandhrdquo is becoming a prime detrimental factor in progress of the state and it is giving just political advantage to some groups or people Even probably calling a ldquoBandhrdquo is also against our constitution as it affects the ldquoindividual freedomrdquo so it is against the law and should be consider as a crime This black snack ldquoBandhrdquo is squizzing us from all direction Therefore I request everybody to think something to make aware the common people of our region about this silent killer I strongly believe that general awareness is




Finally I would like to say my personal thanks to Dr Arindam Adhikari for his help in every step and gratefully acknowledge members of the editorial board for their suggestions I thank all the contributors for their articles and my special thanks goes to Mr Anirban Adhikari for his effort in making the magnificent work for the cover page At the last I pray to God to bring peace and progress to our region

the only solution to fight against such an enemy otherwise very soon it is going destroy us As a detrimental factor of progress I want to point out another fact ldquoThe honestyrdquo I am sure that many of us will not be agree with this but if anyone think from hisher soul heshe will agree that either willingly or unwillingly most of us doing very dishonest works may be some time for personal benefit or may be due to survive in a particular situation or may be sometime under pressure Now we are in a situation that dishonesty (corruption) is in our gene so we donrsquot think some dishonest work as to be dishonest From a service man to a daily wage labour from a politician to common people dishonesty has touched everybody in different form As an example let us consider a daily wage man and you employed him to work at your home but if you donrsquot observe him he definitely will not do his duty properly so that is also a kind of dishonesty Therefore to climb the ladder of progress we have to bring back our honesty Somehow we have to show the common people that how dishonesty is pulling us from our back and we are walking years after years but still in the same place If we become honest to some extent then at least we will be able to use the funds for various works properly and there will be progress

-Manab Sharma

----------------- ---------------

An oldest printing press

Therefore in my opinion to overcome all these factors public awareness and motivation of common people towards the right path of progress is the only solution So hereby I would like to through a query towards our honourable members that - is there anything that we can do which will have a direct physical impact to awake the people of our region from their deep sleep and also to make aware of power and extreme strength that the common people have with them

If somehow this can be done then we will see that politician or the group of people who nowadays most of the time seeks only individual benefits will not be able to motivate them rather general people will be motivating them and the nation will start to climb the ladder of progress

PRINTING PRESS ldquoCOLUMBIArdquo (1859)

Courtesy ndash Technion Museum Israel

--------------------------------


CONTENTS

The forum 6Science RampD News 8North East India made us proud 14Events and news from north east India 15North East India research forum members in news awards fellowship received by members

17

Guest column Bioactive secondary metabolites from selected plants and their endophytic microorganismsProblems and Prospects Dr Debananda Ningthoujam

18

Articles The World Class Universities and Rankings Dr Abdul Wahab

25

Flora of Arunachal Pradesh and its conservation An overview Mr Chandan Tamuly

30

Arsenic problem in north-east a future threat Dr Oinam Jayalakshmi Devi

35

Fiction Consequences of Time Machine Himangshu Paul

38

Poem ldquoBhraman Kahinirdquo Mr Kamal Kumar Tanti

41

Slums Dwellers Dr Manabendra Pathak

42

Abstract of PhD thesis of Mohit Lal Dev

44

Higher study abroad Country of this issue Australia

49

Through the lens of the forum members

51

Job advertisement 52

Details about the Northeast India Research Forum 54

Do you know 15 16 42



THE FORUM North East India Research Forum was

created on 13th November 2004 1 How we are growing Every forum has to pass through difficult phases at the time of birth NE India Research Forum is also no exception At the very beginning it was a march hardly with few members (from chemistry only) and today the forum comprised of a force of more than 260 elite members Now we are in a position such that people voluntarily come and join the group irrespective of disciplines

0 10 20 30 40 500

50

100

150

200

250

300

No

of M

embe

rs

Months

Graph of no of members wrt months 2 Discussions held in the forum bull Necessity of directory of all the members

of the forum bull Possibility of organizing conference in the

N E India bull Taking initiation on setting up of South

East Asian Scientific Institute bull On selection of Best paper award bull Let us introspect

3 Poll conducted and results bull North East India is lacking behind the rest

of the country due to- 1 Geographical constrain =0 2 Bad leadership = 40 3 Lack of work culture = 36 4 Corruption = 18 5 Apathy from Central Govt = 4

bull Which area of science is going to

dominate by creating a great impact on society in next decade

1 Nanoscience amp nanotechnology = 22

2 Biotechnology = 11 3 Nanobiotechnology = 38 4 Chemical Engineering = 0 5 Medicine = 11 6 Others = 16 7 None = 0

bull Kindly let us know your view regarding

the following topic What activities of this group you like most 1 Research articles= 33 2 Information about vacancypositions

available=10 3 Way to have a contact with all

members =29 4 Scientific discussions = 14 5 Others = 2

bull Selection of name for Newsletter

There were total 36 proposals submitted by members of the forum for the Newsletter The name proposed by Mr Abhishek Choudhury N E QUEST received the maximum number of votes and hence it is accepted as the name of the Newsletter

bull How often should we publish our newsletter N E Quest 1 Every 3 months = 61 2 Every 6 months = 38 3 Once a year = 0

4 Previous NE-Quest Edition and Editors 1 Vol 1 Issue 1 April 2007 Editor Dr Arindam Adhikari 2 Vol 1 Issue 2 July 2007 Editor Dr Tankeswar Nath 3 Vol 1 Issue 3 October 2007 Editor Dr Ashim Jyoti Thakur 4 Vol 1 Issue 4 January 2008 Editor Mr Pranjal Saikia 5 Vol 2 Issue 1 April 2008 Editor Dr Sasanka Deka 6 Vol 2 Issue 2 July 2008 Editor Dr Rashmi Rekha Devi 7 Vol 2 Issue 3 October 2008 Editor Dr Prodeep Phukan



5 A domain in the name of www neindiaresearchorg is booked

6 Future activities Proper planning and consequent implementation always play an important role in every aspect Some of the topicsactivitiessuggestions which were being discussed time to time in the forum will get top priorities in our future activities Those are mentioned here bull Preparing complete online database of

NE researchers with details bull Organizing conference in the NE region-

proposed by Dr Utpal Bora bull Research collaboration among forum

members bull Motivate student to opt for science

education bull Help masterrsquos students in doing projects in

different organization-proposed by Mr Khirud Gogoi

bull Supporting schools in rural areas by different ways

bull Best paper awards

7 New activity

To run the forum smoothly to make it more organised and to speed up activities formation of a committeeteam is essential

The combined discussion of the moderators and senior members make the forum feel the importance of Advisors co-ordinator volunteer webmasters etc Of course it needs more discussion and will be approved by poll

8 Guidelines for the forum The moderators formulated some guidelines for the forum which are as follow These guidelines were kept open for discussion in the forum With time and need the guidelines will be changed

i Anybody in the forum can start a meaningful and constructive discussion after discussion with moderators

ii Comments from the individual members do not necessarily reflect the view of the forum

iii No single moderator can take a crucial decision All decision would be taken by the moderators unanimously or together with the group as majority

iv One should not write any massage to the forum addressing some particular members It should always start with Dear all Dear esteemed members etc

v If one has to write a mail to a particular member shehe should write personal mail

vi Everyone has the freedom to speak but that doesnrsquot mean that one should attack personally Of course we do have differences There can be debate or discussion but it should always be a healthy one Onersquos personal comment should be written in such a way that it reflects hisher view only It should not touch others sentimentsemotions

vii Whenever we are in a forum society home members should be sensitive caring enough to their comments so that it does not hurt sentiment of any second members

viii Members should not post greetings messages (Bihu wish New Year wish etc) to the forum

ix Members should post authentic news only The source of the news should be authentic No controversial news or comment should be posted to the forum

x Our main aim is to discuss science to generate science consciousness scientific temperament sensitivity awareness and research for the benefit of the mankind in general and North East India in particular

xi In severe cases moderators can take a hard decision unanimously or majority wise ( may be through poll) (This point needs to be accepted by all the members)

While sending request or while fulfilling request for articles please follow the following points

bull The forum has been formed to help each other When a member requests articlesliterature to forum members of the forum are always happy to help the person by supplying the articles But at



this stage we have to keep in mind that the article should be sent to the person who requested it not to the whole forum as it creates lots of unnecessary mails in the message box of the forum Moreover if it continues it become a irritation also for many members

bull It is also the duty of the person who requests article to acknowledge the person who helped himher This can be done by writing Request fulfilled by in the subject area while composing the mail and write a thanking message in the main message board Once this is done then if some other members want to send the article will know about the status of the request This will also help members in keeping mailbox clean

bull Before asking for article heshe should always check hisher instituteuniversity libraries (online resources) If it is not available or accessible then only the member should request to the forum

bull Moreover sending articles (copyright protected articles) to the open forum violates copyright act So please send the article to the person who requests not to everybody through this open forum

-------------- Quote of the month 15th January 2009

Daddy the plane turned into a boat -- 4-year-old daughter said to her father Martin Sosa who was with his family on the emergency landed US Airways flight in the Hudson River

----------------

SCIENCE NEWS

Cosmic Ray Hot Spots

Los Alamos National Laboratory cosmic-ray observatory has seen for the first time two distinct hot spots that appear to be bombarding Earth with an excess of cosmic rays The research calls into question nearly a century of understanding about galactic magnetic fields near our solar system The hot spots were identified in the two red-colored regions near the constellation Orion in the above picture

Bendable electronics

Flexible translucent and ultrathin layers of carbon atoms called graphene are also excellent electrical conductors that could find

use in flexible computer displays molecular electronics and new wireless communications Making high-quality graphene sheets is usually a slow painstaking process but now several research groups have discovered ways to make patterned graphene circuits using techniques borrowed from microchip manufacturing which can be scaled up for mass production Layers of graphene mdash carbon atoms arranged in a chicken-wire pattern one atom thick mdash can be manually peeled away from the graphite in pencils using adhesive tape In contrast the new technique causes carbon atoms in a vapor of hydrocarbons to settle onto a nickel surface and arrange into graphenersquos characteristic pattern of hexagons Using standard chip-making techniques circuit designs are etched into the nickel surface As the graphene layers form they take on the shape of the circuit template researchers report in the Jan 15 Nature ldquoFinding a suitable material thatrsquos



transparent yet conducting and thin is a big dealrdquo says Philip Kim coauthor of the study and a condensed matter physicist at Columbia University Kim and his colleagues showed that the vapor-deposited graphene retains the excellent electrical properties of manually peeled graphene even when bent on a flexible surface (Source httpwwwsciencenewsorgviewaccessid39865titleGraphene_from_gases_for_new2C_bendable_electronics_

China builds inland Antarctic base After a three-week crawl carrying 625 tonnes of cargo towards the highest ice in Antarctica a Chinese expedition is

expected to begin building a research base at Dome Argus or Dome A 4093 metres above sea level The station called Kunlun and scheduled to open on 28 January will gather data in fields ranging from global climate change to the origin of the Universe The 250-million-renminbi (US$37-million) Kunlun will be Chinas third Antarctic station joining the Great Wall station in the South Shetland Islands and the Zhongshan station in east Antarctica On 20 October the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration (CAA) sent its expedition team from Shanghai aboard the icebreaker Xue Long (Snow Dragon in English) to the coastal Zhongshan station Bad ice conditions delayed their arrival but on 18 December mdash two weeks behind schedule mdash a 28-man inland team began the nearly 1300-kilometre traverse to Dome A On arriving at Dome A this week (2nd week of January) the expeditioners will have just 20 days to build the station before temperatures drop sharply to below ndash50 degC in early February At the end of this years first phase of construction Kunlun is expected to have a main building of 230 square metres with 11 units for sleeping eating and working It will have space for up to 25 people says Qu Tanzhou director of the CAA Six more units are expected to be added next year for a total area of 327 square metres

(Sourcehttpwwwnaturecomnews2009090106full457134ahtml)

News from Mars Scientists have announced the discovery of substantial deposits of carbonate rocks on Mars Although the new rocks are not from the bed of a long-lost ocean as would once have been hoped the discovery is still fanning hopes that the rocks might hold preserved traces of organic matter from the

planets early history The carbonates were discovered using the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) an instrument carried on NASAs Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) CRISM results show evidence of magnesium carbonate (magnesite) in an area known as Nili Fossae that sits on the edge of Isidis Planitia one of the planets great impact basins (for details Ehlmann B L et al Science 322 2008 1828)

More than four years after researchers first said they had found methane gas on Mars a scientist claims that he has nailed the controversial detection

and identified key sources of the gas On Earth methane is mostly biological in origin on Mars it could signal microbes living deep underground The latest work suggests that martian methane is concentrated in both space and time mdash at a handful of hotspots hundreds of kilometres across plumes of methane bloom and dissipate in less than a year Scientist Michael Mumma a spectroscopy expert obtained data from telescopes in Hawaii and Chile that supported the notion of methane hotspots According to the scientist he has confirmed the presence of methane by matching four lines in his infrared spectra of the planets atmosphere to the characteristic signature of methane mdash a more definite determination than previous analyses mdash and




found more evidence that the methane is localized in discrete hotspots which peak at levels of 60 parts per billion The more important observations is the short lifetimes of the plumes Previously methane was thought to be destroyed in the atmosphere by sunlight mdash a slow process that allows the gas to mix in the atmosphere and persist for about 300 years A global level of 10 parts per billion and a lifetime of hundreds of years means that a few hundred tonnes of methane are entering the atmosphere each year the work of a few thousand cows But plumes of 60 parts per billion that live for less than a year imply a methane-production rate several orders of magnitude higher This is a big deal says Sushil Atreya of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor a co-author of the 2004 Mars Express paper At the moment whether the methane plumes are biological or geological in origin is impossible to know at the moment But NASAs next Mars rover will be able to analyse at levels of parts per trillion the fractional concentrations of the carbon isotopes in each methane molecule Life on Earth prefers to process lighter carbon-12 atoms And so on Mars methane freighted with carbon-12 could be a sign of a biological

ouece httpwwwnaturecomnews)

s

Indiarsquos

will map both poles to look for hidden

origin (S

Chandrayaan NewRadar image Haworth

This radar image (Recorded Nov 17 2008 and released January 16) taken by a NASA instrument aboard

lunar-orbiting

Chandrayaan-1 craft shows part (rectangular strip) of Haworth a south-polar crater on the moon Haworthrsquos interior has never been seen before because the crater never receives direct sunlight The image shows features as small as 150 meters across and is superimposed on an Earth-based radar image to show surrounding features Over the next year Chandrayaan-1

reserves of water-ice in Haworth and other permanently shadowed craters Three elements Chandrayaan-I has picked up first X-ray signals from the Moon with the help of Imaging X-ray Spectrometer (CIXS) one of the 11 payloads onboard Chandrayaan-1 and detent the presence of aluminium magnesium and silicon CIXS detected the X-ray signals on December 12 2008 from a region close to the Apollo landing sites CIXS was jointly developed by ISRO and United Kingdomrsquos Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) (Source httpwwwsciencenewsorg ampThe Hindu January 24 2009)

After Chandrayaan-I

After the Chandrayaan-I what is the next target for the mighty Indian Space Research Organisation nothing more than the Sun it will be the first attempt by India to unravel the mysteries associated with coronal heating of Sun Now ISRO scientist are in the advanced stage of designing a spacecraft named Aditya to study the outermost region of the Sun called corona According to the ISRO Chairman G Madhavan Nair Thats a mini satellite In fact the design is just getting completed When he was asked what is the theme of the mission he replied During solar maximwhich is happeningwe would like to see the type of emissions which are taking place in the Sun and how it interacts with the ionosphere and atmosphere and so on According to Dr Jayati Datta deputy programme director Space Science Office ISRO Aditya is the first space based Solar Coronagraph intended to study corona With the help of Aditya Indian scientific community will try to unravel the mysteries associated with coronal heating coronal mass ejections and the associated space weather processes and study of these would provide important information on the solar activity conditions she said ISRO is planning to launch Aditya Mission during the next high solar activity period However the exact datetime is not yet confirmed (Source PTI)


Successful test of GSLV

On 20th December 2008 Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) has successfully conducted a test of its indigenous cryogenic (supercooled fuel) engine to be used in the next geosynchronous launch vehicle (GSLV-D3) launch in April 2009 for carrying the 23-tonne geo-stationary experimental satellite (GSAT) mission Typically hydrogen and oxygen are used which need to be held respectively below -253 degrees Celsius and -183 degrees Celsius to remain in liquid form The cryogenic engine develops a thrust of 73 kilo Newtons (kN) in vacuum with a specific impulse of 454 seconds (756 minutes) and can carry 22 tonnes Working on a staged combustion cycle with an integrated turbo-pump the engine will have 42000 rotations per minute (rpm) It also has two steering engines developing a thrust of 2 kN each to enable three-axis control of the launch vehicle during the flight mission According to the statement of ISRO The hot test was carried out for 200 seconds (333 minutes) during which the engine was operated in the nominal and 13 percent up-rated thrust regimes All the propulsion parameters were satisfactory and matched with predictions Cryogenic engine technology is currently present only in Russia and the US The semi-cryogenic engines will facilitate applications for future space missions like the reusable launch vehicle the unified launch vehicle and the vehicle for inter-planetary missions Chidambaram added The central government has already approved the development of semi-cryogenic engines for space transportation at a cost of Rs1798 crore (approx Rs18 billion) with a foreign exchange component of Rs588 crore (Rs588 billion)

ISROrsquos next dream 2015

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is planning to send its first manned flight into space by 2015 K Radhakrishnan Member of the Space Commission and Director of Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre said that the proposal has been sent to the government and approval was being awaited According to ISRO the space craft will carry two crew and

suppose to orbit around 200 km away from Earth The scientist said ISRO was on the process of developing sophisticated versions of the PSLV launch vehicles

NE herb ndash remedy to Malaria

In search of alternative drugs for Chloroquine recently DRDO reported a probability of development of an anti-malarial drug from a herb available in the North East Dr W Selvamurthy chief controller of the DRDO revelled Six months back we discovered the anti-malarial qualities in a herb Gommstema found exclusively in the North East DRDO claims the drug would remove the Plasmodium Vivax strains from the blood of the affected person The drug is now on its clinical trial after it had been tested and approved by Dr Padmanabhan of IIS Bangalore He said ldquoWe are also identifying the chemical structure of the herb so that it could be cultivated for mass production of the drugrdquo (Source-PTI)

Enzyme that degrade fat Researchers at the University of California Berkeley under the supervision of Prof Hei Sook Sul identified a new enzyme that plays a far more important role than expected in controlling the breakdown of fat The new enzyme within fat cells that is a key regulator of fat metabolism and body weight making it a promising target in the search for a treatment for human obesity In a new study to be published Jan 11 in the journal Nature Medicine researchers report that mice that have had this enzyme disabled remained lean despite eating a high-fat diet and losing a hormone that suppresses appetite The enzyme in the spotlight adipose-specific phospholipase A2 (AdPLA) is found in abundance only in fat tissue AdPLA sets off a chain of events that increases levels of a signalling molecule called prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) which suppresses the breakdown of fat Mice that have no AdPLA have lower PGE2 levels and a higher rate of fat metabolism

(Sourcehttpwwwberkeleyedunewsmediareleases20090112_fatmetabolismshtml)



Modification need in fMRI According to a new study carried out by Aniruddha Das and Yevgeniy Sirotin at Columbia University in New York reported that the popular brain-imaging

techniques may be painting a misleading picture of brain activity Scientists using techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) make the assumption that blood flow into a particular brain region is directly linked to the amount of activity in the cells of that region This is because active cells need more oxygen and blood ferries it to them but according to the report (Ref Sirotin Y B amp Das A Nature 457 2009 475ndash479) this is not necessarily the case The findings suggest that scientists who use fMRI may need to interpret their data differently concludes neuroscientist David Leopold at the National Institute of Mental Health in Bethesda Maryland (Ref Leopold D A Nature 457 2009 387ndash388) Most fMRI experiments with human subjects involve presenting visual stimuli at intervals and rely on lining up the blood flow in time with the stimuli Leopold explains But he adds the mismatch between neural activity and blood flow demonstrated in the paper is extreme Das indicates that it should be possible to design experiments that are not confounded by the extra signal But he warns what our work suggests is that what people interpret as attention in functional MRI may not reflect local changes in neuronal activity (Sourcehttpwwwnaturecomnews2009090121fullnews200948htmlB1)

Alge ndash future fuel The simplest organisms on the planet may be an alternative to the impending global fuel crisis In the coming fuel

crisis time researchers are trying to find alternative and the most popular has been biofuel oil derived from corn rape and soya But as indicated by Dr Richard Pike the chief executive of the Royal Society of Chemistry Typically the figure for the gross amount of

biodiesel produced per hectare excludes the cost of fertiliser harvesting transportation he says You actually end up with as little as one or two tons therefore the main hurdle for these is the cost effectiveness But recently it has been found that producing biofuel from algae would get around this problem because the organism neither competes for arable land nor requires nutrients Instead algae use sunlight and carbon dioxide to produce minute amounts of nutrients ndash lipids (fatty oils) ndash which can after processing be used as biodiesel Algae grow at a phenomenally fast rate and have a very high yield 10000 gallons of biodiesel per acre compared to 48 gallons from soya and 120 gallons from rape Recently Solazyme a synthetic biology firm in San Francisco has produced an algae-based kerosene suitable for commercial and military jet engines by using a strain of algae that produces an oil naturally analogous to aviation oil (Souecewwwtelegraphcouk)

Stem cell therapy at kolkata

Calcutta is on the verge of getting a final and definite answer to Type I diabetes and cerebral palsy before long

Singapore-based CordLife the prominent network of private cord blood banks in the Asia-Pacific pledged to introduce yields of latest global research in stem cell therapy to the city soon Mark Kirkland the Chief Scientific Officer of CytoMatrix an associate of CordLife said Type 1 diabetes and cerebral palsy are two critical areas where stem cell transplant could soon provide a cure We are hopeful of bringing home some therapeutic products in the next 18 months It has been learnt that CordLife will bring about technologies from within the groups portfolio Besides the help of the networks global partners in the Netherlands Australia and Indonesia will be taken by means of close associations with institutions locally to encourage therapeutic applications in India Furthermore the company has been found to dedicate Rs 30 crore to make stem cell therapy a reality and cord blood banking accessible across India



Global warming could create dead zones in oceans

Scientists in Denmark say global warming could create dead zones (Low-oxygen areas known as dead zones) in oceans that could remain for thousands of years The study used a computer model to simulate global warming in over the next

100000 years The worst-case scenario mdash if emissions continue at their current rate mdash would have carbon dioxide concentrations increase to 1168 ppm by 2100 a three-fold increaseThe oceans would get warmer and water circulation would slow down which in turn diminishes the ability of oxygen to dissolve in sea water This would bring about a dramatic drop in oxygen levels in vast ocean tracts (Source ndash BBC)

CSIRs institute to get autonomous university status

The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)s upcoming Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

(AIST) got clearance by the Central Government on Thursday to be an autonomous university The university will like to offer many courses like various innovative courses that have never been offered in India The university will be spread across CSIRs 30 laboratories in the country (Source Express news service)

New Catalyst Ethanol-powered Fuel Cells

A team of scientists at the US Department of Energyrsquos (DOE) Brookhaven National Laboratory in collaboration with researchers from the University of Delaware

and Yeshiva University has developed a new catalyst that could make ethanol-powered fuel cells feasible The highly efficient catalyst performs two crucial and previously unreachable steps needed to oxidize ethanol and produce clean energy in fuel cell reactions With the help of platinum and rhodium atoms on carbon-supported tin

dioxide nanoparticles the research teamrsquos electrocatalyst is capable of breaking carbon bonds at room temperature and efficiently oxidizing ethanol into carbon dioxide as the main reaction product Scientists claimed ldquoThe ability to split the carbon-carbon bond and generate CO2 at room temperature is a completely new feature of catalysis There are no other catalysts that can achieve this at practical potentialsrdquo (Source wwwsciencedailycom)

First Gene Discovered For Most Common Form of Epilepsy

An international team of researchers led by investigators at Columbia University Medical Center has uncovered the first gene linked to the most common

type of epilepsy called Rolandic epilepsy The finding is the first step in unlocking the causes of common childhood epilepsies (a common chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures) and developing more effective treatments Children with Rolandic and other types of epilepsies are usually treated with drugs that prevent seizures by suppressing electrical activity in the entire brain Pediatric neurologist Deb Pal MD PhD Columbia University research scientist in the Department of Psychiatry at the College of Physicians amp Surgeons said Most epilepsies have a genetic influence much of which has yet to be discovered If we knew the actual genetic causes then we could try to stop or reverse the processes that lead to seizures and other neurological impairments This finding will hopefully help lead us to the right intervention The findings also offer possible insights into the causes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) speech dyspraxia (a speech disorder in which a person has a delay in speech development due to motor coordination difficulties) and developmental coordination disorder (DCD) Findings will be published in an advance online issue of the European Journal of Human Genetics on January 28 2009 (Sourcewwwsciencedailycom)



NORTH EAST INDIANS MADE US PROUD

1 Prof Dipak C Jain has been dean of the Kellogg School of Management Evanston Illinois since July 2001 Dean Jain is the Sandy and Morton Goldman Professor in Entrepreneurial Studies and a professor of marketing at the Kellogg School where he has been a member of the faculty since 1987

Prior to his appointment as Dean he served as the Associate Dean of Academic Affairs for five years and worked closely with former Kellogg School Dean Donald P Jacobs to set the agenda for the schoolrsquos curriculum faculty and research activities His student career was started in Tezpur (Assam) India In 1976 he completed his bachelorrsquos degree in mathematics and statistics and was the Gold Medalist for the Best Graduate of the year from Darrang College Then he completed his master in mathematical statistics from Gauhati University in India in 1978 He taught at Gauhati for the next five years before leaving for Dallas to pursue his PhD in marketing at the University of Texas In addition to his positions at the Kellogg School Dean Jain has been a visiting professor of marketing since 1989 at the Sasin Graduate Institute of Business Administration at Chulalongkorn University in Bangkok During this period he has gathered a numerous number of awards in his credit including Sidney Levy Award for Excellence in Teaching in 1995 the Outstanding Educator Award from the State of Assam in India in 1982 the Gold Medal from Jaycees International in 1976 the Youth Merit Award from Rotary International in 1976 and the Jawaharlal Nehru Merit Award Government of India in 1976 He was a former member of the editorial board of the Journal of Marketing Research His research Interests Market segmentation and competitive market structure analysis

new product diffusion forecasting models pricing models analyzing the impact of marketing mix variables on consumer purchase behavior

2 Dr Matiur Rahman is Professor of Applied Mathematics and Fluid Mechanics in the Department of Engineering Mathematics of Dalhousie University in Halifax Canada He had received his BSc (Hons) (1962) from Cotton College and MSc (1964) from Gauhati University Then he moved to Imperial College UK from where he received DIC (1969) and MPhil (1969) from London University UK He received his PhD (1973) from Windsor University Canada and his DSc (Eng) (1992) from London University UK

His long list of awards includes the Fellow of the Institute of Mathematics and Its Applications (FIMA) in 1991 a Chartered Mathematician of IMA and in 1992 the American Biographical Institute selected him as Man of the Year WIT (UK) Eminent Scientists Award for his outstanding research contributions in Fluid Mechanics Science At the International Conference on Advances in Fluid Mechanics held at Lisbon Portugal 22-24 March 2004 Professor Rahman was admitted as a Fellow of Wessex Institute of Great Britain (FWIGB) He was also presented with a certificate for his outstanding research and leadership in the field of Fluid Mechanics He was also been felicitated for his outstanding research and teaching accomplishments by the Assam Sahitya Sabha at its 68th Open Session held at Sipajhar Assam India on 19 February 2005 Professor Rahman has published 17 textbooks and research monographs and over 250 research papers in refereed journals and proceedings Professor Rahman has been awarded the 2001 Outstanding Academic Title Award for his



book Mathematical Methods with Applications by the CHOICE Magazine which is published by the Association of College and Research Libraries in the USA This book has been chosen to be one of the ldquobest of the bestrdquo among the 23000 books reviewed by CHOICE in the year 2001 Professor Rahman is currently Managing Editor of the international series on Advances in Fluid Mechanics published by WIT Press UK 50 volumes of which has been published since it was created by him in 1993 Research interests in areas of waves and hydrodynamic loading fluid-structure interaction natural convection flows with diffusion and reaction stability of tubular chemical flow reactors temperature stratification in large bodies of water and non-linear ocean waves

----------------------------------------

Do you know

Major portions of the habitat that live in North-east India are tribes inhabit

bull Arunachal Pradesh has 26 major tribes and a number of sub tribes with their own patois and cultural identities

bull Nagaland has 16 major tribes along with other sub-tribes

bull Manipur has 29 tribes communities

bull The major tribes in Mizoram are Lushais Hmar Mara Paite Lai Ralte

bull Tripura has a total of 19 tribes and all tribes have their own festivals rituals and customs The Mog tribes of Tripura have come to inhabit the land in 957 AD bull Meghalaya tribes can mainly be classified

into three groups - Garos Khasis and Pnars or Jaintias

bull Assam excluding the autonomous districts contains 9 major tribes

--------------------------------

EVENTS AND NEWS FROM NORTH EAST INDIA

A supercomputing facility PARAM Sheersh for bio-informatics and

computational biology was formally

inaugurated at the North Eastern Hill University in Shillong on 5 January 2009 was inaugurated by Prof MGK Menon Developed by Pune-based Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) the facility will take up in conducting research in strategic areas of Weather Seismic Bio-informatics Physics Computational Fluid Dynamics Material Sciences and Life Sciences PARAM Sheersh facility consists of 4 TF peak supercomputing power along with 10 TB High Performance storage scratch space and 24 TB on-line storage (Source UNI)

An asteroid which was discovered on November 21 2000 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near Earth Asteroid Research (LINEAR) team in Socorro USA has been

named after Nandini Sarma as 23228 Nandinisarma to honor her research Nandini Sarma who won the first place at the 2007 Intel International Science amp Engineering Fair for her Microbiology project She is currently residing in US and has been conducting research to find solutions to common health hazards and her prize-winning research focused on natural food preservatives She has proved that garlic can effectively replace synthetic chemical preservatives December 27 2008 another remarkable

day for the NE Region Former President APJ Abdul Kalam inaugurated the 16th National Children

Science Congress at Dimapur Nagaland




This event gives a unique opportunity to children from age group of 10 to 17 years to quench their thirst for scientific knowledge Around 600 child scientists and 200 teachers are expected to participate in the event besides 1000 to 1200 people The theme of the mega event was lsquoPlanet Earth Our Home Explore Care amp Sharersquo

The 96th Indian Science Congress was held in NEHU Shillong from 3rd January 2009 Rich biodiversity disaster management and

traditional knowledge of the northeast was the key issues for the congress Prime Minister Manmohan Singh inaugurated the congress which has been first time hosted in NE region The theme this year is Science Education and Attraction of Talent for Excellence in Research About 23 states participated with over 200 students putting up more than 100 stalls representing states such as Uttarkhand Jharkhand Rajasthan Andhra Pradesh Orissa Tamil Nadu Kerala Karnataka Goa as well as the NE states In absence of former President Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Professor MGK Menon who is also the Chancellor of the NEHU inaugurated the Children Science Congress

could be used to create a herbal bio-valley

reated a never ending vacuum to our society

-- -

u

Burman-speaking

(Source http

MS Swaminathan father of Indiarsquos green revolution put forwarded the concept for the region to adopt to preserve its rich bio-

diversity in his lecture on the second day of the National Science Congress on the North Eastern Hill University (Nehu) campus According to Swaminathan ldquoEvergreen revolution would mean the need to carry out organic agriculture maintaining the ecology of the Northeastrdquo explaining that every species of flora was precious and needed care ldquoThe Northeast is one of the 12 mega-bio diversity areas of the country and this itself indicates the urgency of tapping the regionrsquos potential by the indigenous communitiesrdquo He also called for tapping floriculture in the Northeast as the orchids and other flowers are

in high demand in India and abroad He said orchids are believed to have evolved in the region ldquoOf the 1300 species belonging to 158 genera reported from India the Northeast has the highest concentration with nearly 700 species of orchidsrdquo Attention should be given to conserve many vanishing species like the 34 species of orchids from the region that are listed among are should be in much priority He also mentioned the ldquosacred grovesrdquo of Meghalaya mdash the community-preserved trees mdash and said this concept of local conservation tradition

The 21 January 2009 the crying crow spread the sad news that Mohinibala Rabha wife of lsquoKola Gurursquo freedom fighter Bishnu Rabha is no more with

us She was also a soldier of Indiarsquos freedom movement and finally she dedicated her entire life just serving for the social and cultural improvement of our region without looking any personal benefit Her lost has definitely c

--------------------

Do you know lations have derived from more than one common source The Adi and other Tibeto-Burman speaking populations of India are regionally well differentiated and exhibit genetic affinity with the

neighbouring populations of EastSoutheast Asia based on their shared ethno-history ndash results reported based on 15 autosomal microsatellite markers (STR) genetic evaluation study by Dr TS Vasulu and colleagues at the Indian Statistical Institute on one of the remotely located tribal cluster - the Adi a Tibeto-

Tibeto-Burman pop

tribe of Arunachal Pradesh esciencenewscom)

---------------------



NO H FORUM MEMBERS IN NEWS

AWARDS FELLOWSHIP

tained his PhD in Chemistry from Central Drug Research Institute

and Innovation Dept of Chemistry University of Ottawa

which included the Lindau-Meet and visits to various

ral thesis work under the supervision of Dr B M

an Institute of Technology-Patna approximately in the first week of March

r Physics Kolkata for a post doctorate fellowship to work on protein

e as completed his PhD under the supervision

rsity of Science and echnology (POSTECH) Korea as a

he also ursuing his PhD in the Department of

Biotechnology Gauhati University

ldquoWhen people go to work theyto leave their hearts at homerdquo

-- Betty Bender

RTH EAST INDIA RESEARC

RECEIVED BY MEMBERS

Dr Biswajit Saha a research a Research Scientist at Chembiotek Research International Ltd Kolkata have received the Humboldt fellowship for postdoctoral Research (2008-2009) in Germany and has joined as Guest Scientist (Humboldt fellowship) in the Department of Organic Chemistry Institute of Chemistry Chemnitz University of Technology Chemnitz Germany He ob

Lucknow India

Dr Ankur Bordoloi has joined as postdoctoral Fellow at Center for Catalysis Research

Ontario Canada

Mr Satyanya Bharadwaj of IIT Guwahati a PhD student under Prof MK Chaudhury Mr Sonit K Gogoi of IIT Guwahati PhD student under Dr Anumita Paul and Mr Subrato Das of Department of Chemical Sciences Central University Tezpur student of Dr Ashim J Thakur have been selected as young scientists by the Indian Department of Science and Technology (DST) to attend the 59th Annual Meeting of the Nobel Laureates and students in Lindau Germany The group will visit Germany for two weeks

premier German research institutions

Pranjal Saikia will be joining as a Post Doctoral Research Fellow at the Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Cincinnati USA from 1st February 2009 He has completed his docto

Reddy Deputy Director IICT Hyderabad

Dr Manabendra Pathak presently working as a Postdoctoral fellow in Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Israel will join as

Assistant Professor in Mechanical Eng Dept of Indi

2009

Dr Binoy Kumar Saikia presently in Tezpur University Assam has given a offer from Saha Institute of Nuclea

crystallography

Dr Manabendra Sarma has joined as a Senior Lecturer at Department of chemistry IIT-Guwahati in May 2008 After completing his MSc from IIT-Guwahati in 2002 and hhof Prof Manoj K Mishra from IIT-Bombay Dr Sahid Hussain has joined as Assistant Professor in IIT-Patna at Department of Chemistry in December 2008 He received his MSc from Cotton College and PhD from IIT-Guwahati under Prof Mihir K Chaudhrui in 2007 and then he worked for more than a year at Nnanophotonics and Nanomedical Lab in Pohang UniveTpostdoctoral fellow Mahananda Chutia has recently joined as a Scientist-B under Central Silk Board Bangalore and posted at Central Muga Eri Research amp Training Institute (CMERampTI) Lahdoigarh Jorhat After completing his MSc in Botany (Microbiology) from Gauhati University in 2003 he joined North East Institute of Scienceamp Technology (NEIST) Jorhat in a project and presentlyp

---------------

shouldnt have

-------------



GUEST COLUMN ioactive secondary metabolites from

selected plants and their endophytic B

microorganism

Dr Debananda Ningthoujam Prea

cluding cytotoxic and anticancer

Seco

or microbes are secondary

Need

for use in medicine agriculture industry and

sProblems and Prospects

mble Endophytes are microorganisms that

colonize the interior of healthy plants without causing any discernible disease symptoms to their host They can be isolated from plant tissues using strict surface sterilization methods (Schultz et al 1993 Zhi-Qi et al 2006) Compared to rhizosphere microbes endophytes have a more intimate relationship with the host plants Endophytes of late have been shown to produce diverse secondary metabolites incompounds

ndary metabolite definition Secondary metabolites sometimes

referred to as also as natural products are products of metabolism in plants animals and microorganisms that are not essential for normal growth development or reproduction of the organism ie these are metabolites that are lsquosecondaryrsquo to these normal life processes However it is increasingly becoming a debatable issue whether they are not absolutely essential or at lest not conferring any benefits whatsoever to the host organism(s) producing them One can only say that they are less essential to the normal functioning of the organism as compared to lsquoprimary metabolitesrsquo such as acetyl CoA or other products generated during glycolysis or TCA cycle etc Most bioactive compounds from plants metabolites

for novel bioactive metabolites

Worldwide people are threatened with new diseases such as cancer AIDS SARS Bird Flu Chikangunya etc associated with increasing environmental degradation climate change global warming and biodiversity erosion (Guo et al 2008) Hence there is imperative need for discovery of novel bioactive compounds Endophytes are promising sources of novel natural products

environment etc (Bacon et al 2000 Strobel amp Daisy 2003)

Each of the 300000 plant species on earth is host to one or more endophytes-bacteria fungi and actinobacteria (Strobel amp Daisy 2003) A rough estimate says there may be more than 1 million endophytic spp but only a handful of them have been characterized so far (Petrini 1991) This calls for renewed research efforts on endophytes all over the world Because of their versatility endophytic microorganisms have been appropriately called lsquochemical factoriesrsquo inside the plants (Owen amp Hundley 2004)

What are endophytes

The term endophyte (Gr Endon within phyton plant) was first coined by de Bary (de Bary 1866) and has become deeply embedded in the literature since then (Rai et al 2007)

Kado (1992) defined endophytes as ldquobacteria that reside within living plant tissues without doing substantive harm or gaining benefit other than securing residencerdquo Quispel (1992) considered endophytes as ldquobacteria that establish an endosymbiotic relationship with the plant whereby the plant receives an ecological benefit from the presence of the symbionts such as increased stress tolerance or plant growth promotion According to Hallman et al (1977) defined an endophyte as ldquoany bacterium that does not visibly harm the plant and can be isolated from surface-disinfected plant tissue or extracted from inside the plantrdquo This definition includes internal colonies-neutral as well as symbiontsrdquo

The definition of an endophyte has evolved over time (Conn amp Franco 2004) the most precise definition is ldquofungi or bacteria which for all or part of their life cycle invade the tissues of living plants and cause unapparent and asymptomatic infections entirely within plant tissues but cause no symptoms of disease (Wilson 1995)

The question remains however whether endophytes must be considered symbionts commensals mutualists or mild pathogens


Historical background One of the earliest publications on an

endophytic fungus was by Freeman (1904) referring to four other papers on endophytes published in 1898 Freeman found the endophytic fungus in Persian darnel (annual grass) Grasses with high endophyte content are often resistant to attack by certain herbivores or insects

Endophytes have then been isolated from several trees and horticultural plants eg apple and kiwifruit They have since then been found in virtually all plant species studied including medicinal plants

Other than bacterial pathogens there is no evidence that endophytic bacteria show the same host specificity though several fungal endophytes have been shown to exhibit host specificity eg fescue and ryegrass endophytes

The first actinobacterial endophyte isolate was Frankia which is N-fixing actinobacterium that forms actinorhizae with 8 families of angiosperms (Provorov et al 2002)

Strobel (Fig 1) et al at Montana State University USA has work intensively on endophytes esp fungi and explore them in several tropical rainforests According to him rainforests are the most promising sources of endophytes He has isolated several novel endophytic microbes producing bioactive compounds such as antibiotics

Promising screening targets which plants are promising

Plants in unique environments Plants with extreme longevity Plants with ethnobotanical history

Plants growing in biodiversity hotspots or in unique endemic locations

Plants in unique environments are more likely to host endophytes which can generate secondary metabolites that will assist the planetrsquos survival and healthy growth The promising biotopes for exploring endophytes are bull Tropical forests bull Arid lands bull Marine coral environments Endophytes from tropical regions produce significantly more bioactive secondary metabolites than those from temperate parts of the world (Shimizu et al 2000) It is to be expected that even plants growing in cultivated gardens host endophytes

Endophytic Microorganisms The major groups of endophytic microbes are

A Fungi B Bacteria C Actinomycetes

Some actinobacterial endophytes reported in the literature and their host plants are shown in Table 1

Bioactive metabolites Endophytic microorganisms have been shown to elaborate a plethora of bioactive metabolites They exhibit antimicrobial antiviral herbicidal plant growth promoting biocontrol antimalarial anticancer and various activities Some major categories of bioactive metabolites produce by endophytic microbes are as follows

Fig 1 Gary

bull Antibacterial antibiotics bull Antifungal agents bull Antiviral compounds bull Antimalarial agents bull Herbicidal compounds bull Phytohormones bull Cytotoxic compounds

Anticancer and cytotoxic agents from endophytes

Several endophytic microbes have recently been shown to be a promising source of anticancer agents Though fungal endophytes have been the predominant source earlier actinomycete endophytes have recently



become a prolific source of antitumor and cytotoxic compounds Table 2 lists some prominent anticancer metabolite-producing endophytic actinomycetes and their host plants

Besides cytotoxic compounds endophytic actinomycetes have proved to be versatile producers of a variety of secondary metabolites including antifungal antimalarial and antibacterial agents

Some biotechnologically significant bioactive metabolites elaborated by actinomycete endophytes that have been reported recently are shown in Table 3

Predominant endophytic actinomycetes Conn amp Franco (2003) isolated

actinobacteria from surface-sterilized wheat roots The major actinobacaterial genera based on cultivation methods were Streptomyces Microbispora Micromonospora and Nocardioides Many of these isolates were active against R solani Pythium spp and G graminis var tritici (In vivo and in planta Coombs et al 2004)

Dominant genera found based on T-RFLP patterns were bull Mycobacterium Rhodococcus

Streptomyces Nocardia and and Geodermatophilus in plants from Swedes flat soil

bull Streptomyces Arthrobacter Kineococcus-like isolates Amycolatopsis Nocardia in plants from Red loamy soil

bull Kitasatospora and Mycobacterium in plants from West flat soil

Actinomycetes identified as endophytes are Arthrobacter Kitasatospora Micromonospora Microbispora Nocardia Nocardioides Streptomyces and tsukamurella (Araujo et al 2002 from citrus Coombs amp Franko 2003 from wheat Doumbon et al 2001 from potato Garveva et al 2001 (potato) Sturz et al 1999 (potato)

Streptomyces is a ubiquitous endophyte and have been found in Ficus Dieffenbachia Allium porrum Brassica oteracera and Quercus sp (Sardi et al 1992)

The predominant actinobacterial genus based on molecular methods was Mycobacterium followed by Streptomyces

(Conn amp Franco 2004) whereas Streptomyces Microbispora Micromonospora and Nocardioides were found as dominant endophytic genera in cultivation-based approaches (Conn amp Franco 2004) An endophytic-host Snake vine (Kennedia nigriscans) is shown is Fig2 and an endophytic Streptomyces sp is shown on Fig 3

Fig 2 Snake vine (Kennedia nigriscans)

Fig3 Streptomyces sp

Applications of endophytes Besides producing antimicrobial

antimalarial and anticancer agents endophytic microbes especially fungal strains have also been recently considered as potential biological fumigants of fresh fruit Muscodor albus (fungal endophyte Fig4) volatiles inhibited and killed a wide range of storage pathogens-Bortrytis Colletotrichum Geotrichum Monilinia and Rhizopus Since M albus is a sterile mycelium and does not require direct contact with the crops to be treated it could be an attractive biological fumigant for controlling post-harvest diseases (Mercier amp Jimenez 2004)



Conclusion

Endophytes are a poorly investigated group of microorganisms that represent an abundant and dependable source of bioactive and chemically novel compounds with potential for use in diverse medical agricultural and industrial applications (Strobel et al 2005) The mechanisms of endophyte function must be better understood to be more predictive about which higher plants to seek study and spend time isolating bioactive compounds This may facilitate the product discovery process

Although work on the utilization of this vast resource of poorly understood microbes has just begun it has already become obvious that an enormous potential for organism product and utilitarian discovery in this field holds exciting possibilities

One of the major problems facing the future of endophyte biology and natural product discovery is the rapidly diminishing rainforests and other forested areas which hold the greatest possible resource for acquiring novel microorganisms and their products The total land-mass of the world that currently supports rainforests is about the size of USA (Mittermeier et al 1999) Each year an area the size of Vermont or more is lost to anthropogenic activities

As entire plant species disappears few bother about the consequent loss of microbial diversity When a plant species disappears so too does its entire suite of associated endophytes

Introduction of endophyte research at Manipur University (MU) The research group at Molecular Biotechnology Research Laboratory (MBRL)

Dept of Biochemistry MU has already initiated isolation of rare endophytic actinomycetes from endemic plants including medicinal plants in Manipur Work on endophytes of Leibaak kundo and Damdawi plant have already begun Several interesting actinomycetes strains isolated amp bioactivity assay is being undertaken Endophytic actinomycetes from bamboo leaves and other promising plants in Manipur are our next target Fig4 Muscodor albus

What is to be done Multi-step processes are now needed to

secure information and life-forms before they continue to be lost Areas of our planet that are unique places housing biodiversity need immediate conservation Biodiversity-rich regions and areas such as North Eastern India and Manipur need to establish information bases of their biodiversity and at the same time begin to make regional and area-specific collection centres of medicinal plants and microorganisms (including endophytes) that live within these areas

Endophytes are only one example of a life form that holds enormous promise to impact many areas of human existence The problem of the loss of biodiversity should be one of concern to the entire world (Strobel et al 2005)

References (only selected one are listed here) bull Araujo WL Maccheroni W Aguilar-

Vildosa CL Barrosa PAV Saridakis HO and Azevedo JL (2001) Variability and interactions between endophytic bacte4ria and fungi isolated from leaf tissues of citrus rootstocks Can J Microbiol 47 229-236 bull Conn VM and Franco CMM (2004)

Effect of microbial inoculants on the indigenous actinobacterial endophyte population in the roots of wheat as determined by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism Appl Environ Microbiol 70 6407-6413 bull Coombs JT Michelsen PP and Franco

CMM (2004) Evaluation of endophytic actinobacteria as antagonists of




Gaeumannomyces graminis var tritici in wheat Biol Control 29 257-268 bull Hallmann J Quadt-Hallmann A

Mahaffee WF and Kloepper JW (1997) Bacterial endophytes in agricultural crops Canadian J Microbiol 43 895-914 bull Kado CI (1992) Plant pathogenic bacteria

In The Prokaryotes pp 660-662 Ballows A Truper GG Dworkin M Harder W and Schleifer K-H Eds Springer-Verleg New York bull Mano H Tanaka F Nakamura C Kaga

H and Morisaki H (2007) Culturable endophytic bacterial flora of the maturing leaves and roots of rice plants (Oryza sativa) cultivated in a paddy field Microbes Environ 22 175-185 bull Mano H Tanaka F Watanabe A Kaga

H Okunishi S and Morisaki H (2006) Culturable surface and endophytic bacterial flora of the maturing seeds of rice plants (Oryza sativa) cultivated in a paddy field Microbes Environ 21 86-100 bull Quispel A (1992) A search for signals in

endophytic microorganisms In Molecular Signals in Plant-Microbe Communications pp 471-490 Verma DPS Eds CRC Press Boca Raton FL bull Shimizu M Nakagawa Y Sato Y

Furumai T Igarashi Y Onaka H Yoshida R and Kunoh H (2000) Studies on endophytic actinomycetes (1) Streptomyces sp isolated from rhododendron and its antifungal activity J Gen Plant Pathol 66 360-366 bull Strobel G Daisy B and Castillo U

(2005) The biological promise of microbial endophytes and theirs natural products Plant Pathol J 4 161-176 bull Strobel G amp Daisy B (2003)

Bioprospecting for Microbial Endophytes and Their Natural Products Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 67 491-502 bull Zhi-Qi Q Li-Xiang C Hong-Ming T and

Shi-Ning Z (2006) Isolation and characterization of endophytic Streptomyces sp S5 with herbicidal activity from tomato roots Chinese J Agricul Biotechnol 3 7-12

Table 1 Bacterial endophytes amp their host plants

Endophytes Host plant Reference Actinobacteria Arthrobacter globiformis

Maize Chelius amp Triplett 2000a

Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens

Citrus plants Araujo et al 2002

Kocuria varians Marigold Sturz amp Kimpinski 2004

Microbacterium esteraromaticum

Marigold Sturz amp Kimpinski 2004

Microbacterium testaceum

Maize Zinniel et al 2002

Mycobacterium sp

Wheat scots pine

Conn amp Franco 2004 Prittila et al 2002

Nocardia sp Citrus plants Araujo et al 2002 Streptomyces (sp)

Wheat Coombs amp Franco 2003a

Nocardioides exalbibidus

Lichen Li et al 2007

Curtobacterium sp

Rice (seed) Mano et al 2006

Micrococcus luteus


Curtobacterium sp

Rice (leaf) Mano et al 2007

Streptomyces sp Rice (leaf) Mano et al 2007 Mycobacterium petroleophilum

Rice (root) Mano et al 2007

Micrococcus luteus


Streptomyces microbispora micromonospora nocardiodes

Cereal plants Coombs et al 2004

Micromonospora lupini

Lupin Igarashi et al 2007

Streptomyces sp SUCA

Ficus benjamina

Tuntiwachwuttikul et al 2008

Streptomyces strain MS53

Ricinus communis

Kim et al 2006

Actinoplanes missouriensis

Lupin El-Tarabily 2003

Streptomyces albus

Tobacco Lukic et al 1972

Corynebacterium spp

Jacaranda decurrenes

Carrim et al 2006

Actinomycesc sp Jacaranda decurrenes

Carrim et al 2006

Streptomyces sp Aegiceras comiculatum

Lin et al 2005

Streptomyces sp R5

Rhododendron Shimizu et al 2000


Table 2 Anticancer compounds from endophytic actinomycetes

Endophyte Host Plant part Metabolite Activity TargetMode

of action Reference

Kitasatospora sp str PampU 22869

Taxus baccata --- Paclitaxel Cytotoxic --- Caruso et al 2000

Nonomuraea pusilla TP-A0861

Soybean Root Myxochelin A Antitumor --- Miyanaga et al 2006

Actinosynnema pretiosum --- --- Ansamitocinoside

P-2 Cytotoxic --- Lu et al 2004

Streptomyces sp ls9131

Maytenus hookeri Seed

Dinactin nonactin cyclononactic and

cyclohomononactic acids

Cytotoxic (and Anti-S aureus and

M tuberculosis)

--- Zhao et al 2005

Streptomyces thermoviolaceus TP-A0648

--- --- Anicemycin Cytotoxic --- ---

Nocardia sp --- --- Ansamitocin Anticancer Higashide et al 1977

Streptomyces laceyi M553

Ricinus communis L Stem Salaceyins A amp B Antitumor --- Kim et al 2006

Streptomyces sp DSM 11575 Alnus glutinosa Root

nodule Alnumycin Cytotoxic

(and antibacterial)

--- Bieber et al 1997

Micromonospora lupine sp nov --- ---

Lupinacidins A amp B

(Anthraquinones) --- --- Igarashi et al

2007

Streptomyces sp SUC1

Ficus benjaminica

Aerial roots Lansai A-D

Anticancer (and

antifungal) --- Tuntiwachwuttikul

et al 2008)

Streptomyces aureofaciens CMUAc130

Zingiber officinale Root 4-Arylcoumarins Anticancer ---

Tachowisan et al 2007 2003a 2003b

Streptomyces sp FX-58

Salicornia herbacea(marine

plant China) --- Novel

anthraquinone Cytotoxic

HL-60 BCTC-823 MDA-MB-

435

Huang et al 2006

Streptomyces sp Fx-58 --- --- New chromone and

anthraquinone cytotoxic --- -do-

Micromonospora lupine sp nov --- --- Anthraquinone Anticancer --- Igarashi et al

2007




Table 3 Bioactive metabolites from selected endophytic actinomycetes of some medicinal plants

Endophyte Host Metabolite Activity Reference

Kitasatospora sp Taxus baccata Paclitaxel Cytotoxic Caruso et al 2000

Streptomyces sp NRRL 30562 Snake vine Munumbicins Antibiotic and

Antimalarial Castillo et al 2002

Streptomyces sp NRRL 30566

Grevillea pteridifolia Kakadumicins Antibiotic Castillo et al

2003

Streptomyces sp Monstera sp Coronamycin Antifungal and antimalarial Ezra et al 2004

Streptomyces aureofaciens

Zingiber officinale 4-arylcoumarins Cytotoxic Taechowisan et

al 2003 Streptomyces sp ls 9131

Maytenus hookeri

Dinactin nonactin etc

Antibacterial and antitumour Zhao et al 2005

Streptomyces sp Allium fistulosum Fistupyrone Antifungal

Aremu et al 2003 Igarashi et al 2006

About the author The three male dogs fall all over themselves in an effort to be the one to reach her first but arrived in front of her at the same time

The males are speechless before her beauty slobbering on themselves and hoping for just a glance from her in return Aware of her charms and her obvious effect on the three suitors she decides to be kind and tells them The first one who can use the words liver and cheese together in an imaginative intelligent sentence can go out with me

Dr Debananda Ningthoujam from Manipur did his BSc (1982) from NEHU Shillong MSc (1985) from Jawaharlal Nahru University Delhi Then he did his PhD from Nagpur University in the year 1999 He is at present serving as the head of the department of Bichemistry Manipur University Imphal His area of research includes Microbial degradation of nitroaromatic compounds microbial diversity of soil actinomycetes in Manipur exploration of PGP bacteria in Manipur He has written several book chapters apart from peer reviewed publications He is also actively involved in many projects for popularizing science in the hilly state of Manipur He writes regularly in the newspaper and internet and can be seen in the TV channels frequently

The sturdy muscular black Lab speaks up quickly and says I love liver and cheese Oh how childish said the Poodle That shows no imagination or intelligence whatsoever She turns to the tall shiny Golden Retriever and says How well can you do Um I HATE liver and cheese blurts the Golden Retriever My my said the Poodle I guess its hopeless Thats just as dumb as the Labs sentence She then turns to the last of the three dogs and says How about you little guy

---------------------- The last tiny in stature but big in fame and finesse is the Taco Bell Chihuahua Melody

Three handsome male dogs are walking down the street when they see a beautiful enticing female Poodle

He gives her a smile a sly wink turns to the Golden Retriever and the Lab and says Liver alone Cheese mine (Collection) ------------------------


ARTICLE

The World Class Universities and Rankings

-Dr Abdul Wahab Introduction

These days the term ldquoWorld Classrdquo is widely used in the discussions regarding the status of academic institutions or infrastructure With rapid industrialization many developing nations are wishing or investing to establish world class universities towards the aspiration of societal and educational excellence India is not an exception because in the modern world universities are the key elements in driving economic development and in facing the challenges of global competition But what does it mean to be a World Class University What makes a university world class What are the criteria for the world ranking of universities The dictionary defines world class as ranking among the foremost in the world of an international standard of excellence The concept of a world class university loosely reflects the norms and values of the worldrsquos dominant research-oriented academic institutions ndash especially the United States and the major Western European countries

Major factors of World Class Universities There is no absolute set of performance

criteria or benchmarks for world class universities However there is wide agreement on four major factors which are central to a world class university Those are (a) academic excellence and freedom (b) research development and dissemination of knowledge (c) permeable academic boundaries and (d) adequate funding and facilities (a) A world class university must show commitment to breadth and excellence in all fields of human inquiry ndash education ndash not simply in a particular branch or faculty Of course uniform excellence across all fields of study is an ideal that no university achieves in practice but it is a prerequisite ambition The excellence in education is directly linked to the resources and organization of undergraduate graduate and

professional instructions and educational opportunities for students All these require outstanding faculty high quality teaching and other instructional activities as well as highly prepared and motivated students These necessitate a vibrant internal self-governance system World class universities produce students who will go on to be leaders in all walks of life Academic freedom and an atmosphere of intellectual excitement are crucial to a world class university This means that professors and students must be free to pursue knowledge wherever it leads and to publish their work freely without fear of sanction by either academic of external authority In many countries academic freedom also extends to expression of opinions by members of the academic community on social and political issues (b) Excellence in research underpins the idea of a world class university That is world class universities engage in cutting-edge research whilst at the same time teaching the next generation Much of the talk about world class universities centers around the production of exciting discoveries and contributions to the economy and to human enrichment through the development of cultural knowledge So for making outstanding research possible top-quality professors and students are of course central And to attract and retain the best academic staff favorable working conditions must be available These include arrangements for job security ndash many countries call it tenure ndash and appropriate salaries and benefits (c) World class universities have permeable boundaries This means encouraging interdisciplinary research and teaching it means working with the private sector for example fostering and encouraging partnerships with industry and it means encouraging international collaboration at various levels World class universities look outward and think beyond conventional boundaries World class universities educate students more and more of whom will go on to live and work in a range of cultures and societies They must be well equipped for




life both from what is taught and from the other experiences or exposures offered to them (d) Adequate facilities for academic work are essential ndash the most advanced and creative research and the most innovative teaching must have access to well equipped libraries and laboratories as well as to the Internet and other electronic resources At the same time adequate funding must be available to support the research and teaching as well as the other functions of the university Maintaining a complex academic institution is always expensive and so support must be consistent and for long-term The cost of maintaining a research university continues to grow because of the increasing complexity and cost of scientific research Although research universities have the ability to generate significant funds through a variety of means but there is no substitute for consistent and substantial public financial support Without it developing and sustaining a world class university is impossible

International Ranking of Universities Several organizations provide

worldwide rankings of universities based on a range of academic and associated benchmarks Some of these are (a) The Academic Ranking of World Universities by Shanghai Jiao Tong University which is a major Chinese project to provide independent rankings of universities around the world primarily to measure the gap between Chinese and world class universities (b) The Times Higher Education a British publication which in association with Quacquarelli Symonds (THE-QS) annually publishes a list of 200 top-ranked universities from around the world (c) The Newsweek magazine of United States published a ranking of the Top 100 Global Universities in 2006 utilizing some selected criteria from the Academic Ranking of World Universities by Shanghai Jiao Tong University and The Times Higher Education as well as the additional criteria of library holdings (d) The Webometrics Ranking of world universities is compiled

by the Cybermetrics Lab a unit of the National Research Council the main public research body in Spain It is offering information about 4000 universities since 2004 according to their web-presence over a database of 16000 universities worldwide Institutions from developing countries benefit from this policy as they obtain knowledge of their current position even if they are not world class (eg the latest world ranking of IIT-Guwahati is 3770) (e) The Eacutecole nationale supeacuterieure des mines de Paris established the Professional Ranking of world universities in 2007 to measure the efficiency of each university on a professional basis Its main compilation criterion is the number of Chief Executive Officers in the 500 leading worldwide companies as measured by revenue who studied in each university

Among these rankings of universities two main studies and in fact much publicized and referred are the Academic Ranking of World Universities by Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) and the World University Rankings by Times Higher Education (THE-QS)

1 The Academic Ranking of World Universities by SJTU

The Academic Ranking of World Universities is compiled by the Institute of Higher Education at Shanghai Jiao Tong University starting from 2003 Table 1 shows the latest 20 top-ranked universities along with two ranked Indian universities Rankings are based upon several indicators of academic and research performance For each indicator the highest scoring institution is assigned a score of 100 and other institutions are calculated as a percentage of the top score The distribution of data for each indicator is examined for any significant distorting effect and standard statistical techniques are used to adjust the indicator if necessary Scores for each indicator are weighted as follows alumni winning Nobel Prizes and Field Medals (10 percent) which reflect education quality staff winning Nobel Prizes and Fields Medals (20 percent) and highly-cited


Table 1 Academic Ranking of World Universities 2008 by SJTU World rank

Institution Country National rank

Score on

alumni

Score on

award

Score on

HiCi

Score on

NampS

Score on

PUB

Score on

PCP

Total score

1 Harvard Univ US 1 100 100 100 100 100 741 100

2 Stanford Univ US 2 40 787 866 689 716 669 737

3 Univ California-Berkeley

US 3 69 771 688 706 70 53 714

4 Univ Cambridge

UK 1 903 915 536 56 641 65 704

5 Massachusetts Inst Tech

US 4 71 806 656 687 616 539 696

6 California Inst Tech

US 5 528 691 574 661 497 100 654

7 Columbia Univ

US 6 724 657 565 523 705 466 625

8 Princeton Univ

US 7 593 804 619 405 448 593 589

9 Univ Chicago US 8 674 819 505 395 519 413 571

10 Univ Oxford UK 2 59 579 484 52 66 457 568

11 Yale Univ US 9 485 436 57 557 624 487 549

12 Cornell Univ US 10 415 513 541 523 647 404 541

13 Univ California-

Los Angeles

US 11 244 428 574 489 757 36 524

14 Univ California-San Diego

US 12 158 34 597 53 667 474 503

15 Univ Pennsylvania

US 13 317 344 583 413 69 392 490

16 Univ Washington-

Seattle

US 14 257 318 531 495 741 28 483

17 Univ Wisconsin-Madision

US 15 384 355 526 412 681 288 474

18 Univ California-

San Francisco

US 16 0 368 541 515 608 475 466

19 Tokyo Univ Japan 1 322 141 431 519 833 35 464

20 Johns Hopkins Univ

US 17 458 278 431 487 685 248 455

303-401

IISc-Bangalore

India 1-2 0 0 126 82 33 167

303-401

IIT-Kharagpur

India 1-2 0 0 103 48 288 143



researchers in 21 broad subject categories (20 percent) which measure quality of faculty articles published in Nature and Science (20 percent) and article indexed in Science Citation Index Social Sciences Citation Index and Arts and Humanities Citation Index (20 percent) to account research output and the per capita academic performance (on the indicators above) of an institution (10 percent) An institutions rank reflects the number of institutions that sit above it

2 The World University Rankings by THE-QS

The THE-QS World University Rankings is an annual publication that ranks the Top 200 World Universities to present a multi-faceted view of the relative strengths of the worlds leading universities They have been running since 2004 identifying four pillars as the basis for evaluation like research quality teaching quality graduate employability and international outlook Accordingly the overall rankings are compiled based on the scores obtained from six distinct indicators (by their weightings) Academic Peer Review (40 percent) Employer Review (10 percent) Faculty Student Ratio (20 percent) Citations per Faculty (20 percent) International Faculty (5 percent) and International Students (5 percent) Table 2 shows the latest 20 top-ranked universities along with two ranked Indian institutions The current ranking (2008) was based on a survey of 6354 academics from across the world for the academic peer review score Weightings are applied both geographically and by discipline to ensure as fair a representative spread as possible The number of principal academic areas represented included science technology social science biomedicine and arts approximately equally represented in the survey Furthermore data were supplemented by opinions from the previous year to increase the consistency and reliability These are combined with a series of measures including the number of times that research papers are cited by academics staff-to-

student ratios number of students and staff from abroad and views of international employers on which universities they prefer to recruit from

Discussion and conclusion If one compares the two latest rankings

of universities (2008) the Harvard University is ranked unanimously as the top by both ndash finds some reliability apparently Cambridge is within the top 4 in both rankings California Institute of Technology is in the top 6 in both rankings Massachusetts Oxford Columbia and Chicago are all in the top 10 University of Tokyo is ranked 19 by both studies Although 14 universities are listed in the top 20 according to both rankings there are some large disparities between the two surveys Stanford University for instance is ranked number two by the SJTU ranking but placed at seventeen by the THE-QS ranking Another example is the University of Yale ranked number 11 by the SJTU while THE-QS ranked it next to Harvard There are five Californian universities ranked within 20 by the SJTU but no Californians are there within or near 20 in THE-QS ranking except California Institute of Technology

According to SJTU rankings 17 of the 20 top-ranked universities are in the US 2 are in the UK and 1 from Japan No Indian institution appeared within 300 nevertheless two institutions (IISc-Bangalore and IIT-Kharagpur) are ranked at 303-401 range While according to the THE-QS ranking the top 20 universities are in 5 countries 13 of them from US All the 200 top universities are in 33 countries including India and IIT-Delhi and IIT-Bombay are ranked at 154 and 174 respectively although they could not make a place in the top 500 universities ranked by SJTU Thus it is quite clear that with the exception of the reputational rankings of the top 10-12 institutions there is relatively wide disagreement on the status of other institutions

People speculate that the definition of a world class university is subjective The subjective nature of world class status means



Table 2 World University Rankings 2008 by THE-QS

Rank Institution Country Peer review score

Employer review score

Staffstudent score

Citationsstaff score

International staff score

International student score

Overall score

1 Harvard Univ US 100 100 96 100 87 81 100 2 Yale Univ US 100 100 100 98 89 71 998

3 Univ Cambridge UK 100 100 99 89 98 95 995

4 Univ Oxford UK 100 100 100 85 96 96 989

5 California Inst Tech US 100 74 98 100 100 93 986

6 Imperial College London

UK 99 100 100 83 98 100 984

7 Univ College London UK 96 99 100 89 96 100 981

8 Univ Chicago US 100 99 98 91 78 83 980

9 Massachusetts Inst Tech US 100 100 90 100 33 94 967

10 Columbia Univ US 100 99 98 94 29 89 963

11 Univ Pennsylvania US 97 98 88 99 83 79 961

12 Princeton Univ US 100 98 75 100 91 82 957

13 Duke Univ US 97 98 100 94 30 66 944

13 Johns Hopkins Univ US 99 78 100 100 30 68 944

15 Cornell Univ US 100 99 90 96 28 76 943

16 Australian National Univ Australia 100 93 82 74 99 91 920

17 Stanford Univ US 100 100 67 100 26 87 912

18 Univ Michigan US 99 99 85 84 59 51 910

19 Univ Tokyo Japan 100 94 98 78 27 40 900 20 McGill Univ Canada 100 97 99 51 62 95 897 154 IIT Delhi India 64 84 69 47 16 14 601 174 IIT Bombay India 74 76 44 43 23 13 576

that institutions will attempt to address those dimensions that are considered in assessing reputations and that are visible In this respect research activity publications citations and major faculty awards are highly visible and measurable while the quality of the educational process is not Thus it is not surprising to see a focus on research criteria in the surveys and in the efforts of institutions to promote their importance and little or no attempt to measure and assess teaching quality or educational activities However despite the technical and methodological problems and limitations of the ranking systems these web-published academic rankings of world

universities have received great attention They present a picture of the leading higher institutions around the world and provide guidance for universities that are striving to improve their education quality under the competition of globalization

References bull Altbach PG ldquoA World-Class Country

without World-Class Higher Education Indias 21st Century Dilemmardquo International Higher Education Summer 2005 bull Altbach PG ldquoThe costs and benefits of

world-class universitiesrdquo International Higher Education Fall 2003



bull Levin HM Jeong DW and Ou D ldquoWhat is a world class universityrdquo Presented at the conference of the Comparative amp International Education Society Honolulu Hawaii March 2006 bull Richard A ldquoWhat makes a world class

universityrdquo The Economic Times January 2008 bull wwwarwuorg wwwenwikipediaorg

wwwtimeshighereducationcouk wwwwebometricsinfo

About the author

Dr Abdul Wahab completed his PhD

from RRL Jorhat Assam then joined IISc Bangalore as Post doctoral fellow and presently pursuing his second postdoctoral research in J Heyrovsky Institute of Physical ChemistryAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Prague (email awahab22yahoocom)

---------------------------------------------

A tribute to the legends Ambikagiri Raichowdhary pointed out the ill of modern society through his poem ldquoMoi biplovi moi tandavirdquo

Lust for status and power Has swallowed out manrsquos humanity Soulrsquos

hunger has been trampled under feet

Sex impulses have been exalted They have maddened me

--------

Bloodshed everywhere everyday we are at the door step to forget about the humanity lets feel the humanitism though the great poem ldquoManavbandanardquo by Chandrakumar Agarwalla the ldquoProtimar khonikarrdquo

Man alone is God man is to be defined None else but man

Worship him with flower and offerings And sign his glory

---------------

Flora of Arunachal Pradesh and its conservation An overview

- Chandan Tamuly Introduction

Arunachal Pradesh is known as one of the 18th ldquoBiodiversity Hotspotrdquo of the world having a geographical area of 83743 sq km and population of 1097968 (census 2001) the state has been the traditional habitat of tribal people of Paleo-Mongoloid stock speaking mostly the Tibeto-Burman group of Sino-Tibetan language The state is sparsely populated and is both biologically and ethically diverse The state is situated on the extreme northeastern tip of India between lat 2628 to 2930 N and long 9131 to 9730 E Total 51540 sq km is covered by the forest in the state

Arunachal Pradesh represent as ldquoCradle of flowering plantsrdquo and ldquoBiogeographical gatewayrdquo of biological resources The phytogeographical position irregular and soil have resulted in the formation of various ecological diversity which has influenced the rich and fascinating vegetation of the state

Background The History of evaluation of the Flora

of the state was quite old The European Botanist and Explorer visited the area from early 19th century (Buchanan-Hamilton 1820 Roxburgh 1820-24 Griffith 1847 Hooker 1854 1872-1897 Hooker amp Thomson 1855 Clarke 1889 Burkill 1924-25 1965 Kingdom Ward 1929 1960 etc) In 20th century some of the important documentreport booksjournal were published on this issue These are Botany of Abor Expendition by IH Burkill (1924-25) Botanical Expendition of Mishmi Hills by Kingdom Ward (1929-1931) A Sketch of vegetation of Aka hills by NLBor (1938) Lohit vally by Kingdom Ward (1953) Flora of Aka Hills by KP Biswas (1941) and Flora of Assam 5 Vols by Kajilal (1934-1940) And lately lots of contribution was given by the Scientistsexperts of Botanical survey of India State Forest Research Institute Itanagar Forest Research Institute



Dehra Dun and other a few organizations of our country

Vegetation Due to various climatic condition and

different altitude the state influenced a rich diversity of vegetation of the region The vegetation can be classified under following categories (i) Tropical (ii) Subtropical (iii) Temperate (iv) Alpine and Sub Alpine

(i)Tropical Forest The tropical forests area is confined up

to 900m above sea level This can be divided into three subtypes (a) Tropical evergreen forests (b) Tropical semi evergreen forest and (c) Tropical wet evergreen forest Some of the important plant species seen in tropical vegetation are Bischofia javanica Bombax ceiba Gynocardia odorata Leea robusta Lagerstroemia parviflora Turpinia nepalensis Quercus lamellosa Ardisia virens Maesa indica etc

(ii) Subtropical forests The subtropical forests are confined

within 900-1800m from the sea level It can be divided into two subtypes (a) Subtropical broad leave forest and (b) Subtropical pine forest Some of the examples of the plants available in these forests area are Actinodaphne obovata Ficus gaspurriniana Kidia calycina Michelia oblonga Pinus roxburghii and Pinus wallichiana etc

(iii) Temperate vegetation The forest in the belt is range 1800-

3500m in altitude It can also divide into two subtypes a) Temperate broad leaved forest and b) Temperate conifer Forest Some of the important plants of this zone are Rhododendron spp Illicium griffithii Lyonia ovalifolia Mahonia acanthiifolia etc Lichens bryophytes fungi and ferns dominate epiphytes flora are present in this region

(iv) Alpine and sub alpine This belt is range in altitude 3500-

5500m Since this area generally covers by snow in the winter season so the plant need special adaptation for survival in such area

The common species of this area are like Berberis asiatica Berberis wallichiana Abies spectabilis Vaccinium venosum Aconitum ferox Aconitum nagarum Arenaria spp Gentiana paralota Taxus wallichiana Pleione hookeriana Bulbophyllum spp Herminium longilobatum etc Many endangered species are also found in this area

Aquatic Vegetation is also very important natural resources of the state Some of the important hydrophytes growing in the marshes pools paddy fields are Alisma plantago Monocharia vaginalis Polygonum alatum Potamogeton nodosus Sagittaria sagittifolia Sanicula europea Utricularia bifida etc

Floristic diversity and its distribution The total geographical area cover by

Arunachal Pradesh is about 254 of the country More than 23 of the flowering plant and 7693 of the total families of India represent by the state It is interesting to note that enumerates 4500 species of angiosperms belonging to 1295 genera and 192 families represent from the state India is covered by about 17500 species in 2984 genera and 247 families The non flowering plants are also well known in the state Out of 1020 spceies of ferns occupying in India 452 species are recorded in Arunachal Pradesh Table 1 reveals that the most dominating families of Angiosperms of Arunachal Pradesh are Orchidaceae (genera 122 spp 545) Legunminosae (genera 67 spp 196) Asteraceae (genera 68 spp 186) Rubiaceae (genera 52 spp 159) Ericaceae (genera 9 spp 158) Poaceae (genera 76 spp 153) Urticaceae including Moraceae (genera 25 spp 129) Rosaceae (genera 18 spp 111) Cyperaceae (genera 22 spp 96) Euphorbiaceae (genera 39 spp 94) Out of all Orchidaceae is the most dominating and fascinating family of the plant with 545 spp is belonging to 122 genera in Aurnachal Pradesh where as 1229 species belong to 184 genera in India So Orchids are often associated as ldquoJewel of Arunachal Pradeshrdquo Out of 545 species 20 species are endemic to the state A large number of primitive




flowering plants are found in the state Many species of Annonaceae piperaceae and Lauraceae of Arunachal Pradesh are not occurred other part of the country except NE region and Eastern Himalaya Some of the dominant genera of Arunachal Pradesh are Bulbophyllum (62 spp) Rhododendron (61 spp) Ficus (51 spp) Dendrobium (47 spp) Primula (40 spp) Agapetes (34 spp) Impatiens (33spp) Carex (31 spp) Eria (31 spp) Rubus (29 spp) etc

The state has large number of primitive flowering plants Some of the important primitive flowering plants of the state are Alnus nepalensis Aspidocarya uvifera Houttuynia cordata Illicium cambodianum Illicium griffithii Magnolia griffithii Magnolia pealiana Myrica esculanta Tetracentron sinense etc

Due to geographical position climatic condition and unique ecosystem it provide high endemism in relatively younger mountain system in the state Out of 17500 species of flowering plants about 5000 species belonging to 140 genera and 47 families are endemic to India There are total 238 endemic species occur in Arunachal Pradesh Some of the endemic species occurring in Arunachal Pradesh are Aconitum lethale Aglaia edulis Albizia arunachalensis Anoectochilus sikkimensis Begonia aborensis Dioscorea wattii Gastrodia arunachalensis Litsea mishmiensis Magnolia griffithii Rhododendron nuttalli R tawangensis Syzygium mishmiense etc

As per utilization of these plants by the tribal people of the state can be categorized as follows (i) Cultivated Plants (ii) Timber Yielding plants (iii) Wild ornamental plants and (iv) Medicinal plants

(i) Cultivated Plants The state is rich in crop plant diversity

mainly on maize barley buckwheat finger millet pea scarlet alliums ginger and different types of fruits etc Cultivated a few vegetable species are Alocasia macrorhiza Amorphophallus bulbifer Cucumis hystrix Monordica cochichinenis Clerodendrum

colebrookianum Piper pedicellatum Vernonia anthelmintica Solanum indicum etc A few fruits species are Abelmoschus manihot Artocarpus chama Citrus assamensis C aurantium C indica C medica Rubus ellipticus Myrica esculenta Musa acuminata Mglauca Mnagensium M Rosacea etc

Spices plant has also tremendous demand in the state as well as in whole country A few spices species cultivated by the tribal people are Allium turberosum Amomum aromaitcum Amomum subulatum Curcuma amada Curcuma Zedoaria Piper longum Piper peepuloides Piper mullesua etc

Timber yielding plants The economy of the state depends upon

the timber plant of the state The timber of this state had great demand throughout the country The bamboo canes also play an important role in the economy of the people of the state A few important timber yielding plant are Actinodaphne obovata Albizia lucida Alostonia schlaris Artocarpus lacucha Biscofia javanica Bombax ceiba Cinnamommum glaucescens Dipterocarpus retusus Gynocardia odorata Kydia calycina Pinus roxburghii Quercus griffithii etc A few common bamboo species are Bambusa pallida Bambusa tulda Dendrocalamus hamiltoni Dendrocalamus strictus Melocanna baccifera etc Another a few cane species are Calamus flagellum Calamus floribundus Calamus latifolius etc

Wild ornamental plants Orchid of Arunachal Pradesh is very

famous all over the world The state represents highest number of Orchid in NE region A few species of orchid are Calanthe Coelogyne Cymbidium Dendrobium phaius Phalaenopsis etc one of the rarest orchids of the state is Paphiopedilum fairieanum It is also known as Ladyrsquos slipper It is found in West Kameng dist in the state Another a few endangered species are Cymbidium grandiflorum C longifolium C macrorhizon C mackinnoni etc


Table 1 Comparison of ten dominant families of Angiosperms of Arunachal Pradesh India and World Name of the family Arunachal Pradesh

Gen Spp India

Gen Spp World

Gen Spp Orchidaceae 122 545 184 1229 735 20000 Leguminosae 67 196 191 1152 690 17600 Asteraceae 68 186 167 950 900 1300 Rubiaceae 52 159 115 659 500 6000 Ericaceae 9 158 115 199 50 1350 poaceae 76 153 260 1200 620 10000 Urticaceae (including Moraceae)

25 129 25 114 45 550

Rosaceae 18 111 44 492 100 2000 Cyperaceae 22 96 38 545 90 4000 Euphorbiaceae 39 94 84 528 300 5000 Rhododendron is one of the most fascinating flower in the state and it has a great demand out side the state

Medicinal plants Medicinal plants have a greatest demand in all over the world These medicinal plant are used in different diseases like cut wound pain fever Dysentery body ache cough ulcer blood pressure toothache indigestion asthma etc Taxus baccata has very high demand in the pharmaceutucal chemistry This valuable medicinal plant is found in Arunachal Pradesh Most valuable anti cancer drug ldquoTaxolrdquo can be extracted from this plant An American famous Scientist KC Nicolaou succeeded in manufacturing ldquoTaxolrdquo synthetically In the case of lsquoTaxolrsquo there are good reasons to improve upon nature While natural Taxol has been shown to shrink cancers of the ovary as well as the breast it is a wonder drug Poor solubility of synthetic Taxol makes it hard to administer and tumor cells tend to develop resistance to the drug So the drug obtains from the natural lsquoTaxolrsquo may be possible to find one that is less toxic and more effective than synthetic lsquoTaxolrsquo The traditional knowledge of medicinal plants is becoming a potential source for the Pharmaceutical Industries So collection of these medicinal plants in the bulk amount for the industries has posed a great threat to the wild valuable medicinal plant of the state

Some of the common medicinal plants and their uses are Allium cepa (eye pain) Allium hookeri (cough cold) Alstonia scholaris (headache) Andrographis peneculata (dysentery) Artimesia indica (bodyache asthma) Buddleja asiatica (Inflammation) Curcuma caesia (diarrhea) Carex polycephala(fever) Clerodendrum colebrookianum (hypertension) Callicarpa arborea (rheumatism) Elastostemma rupestre(headache) Ficus infectoria (cuts amp wounds) Houttuynia cordata (cough) Piper longum (Tuberculosis) P nigram (fever) P pedicellatum (fracture of bone) P thomsonii (urinary disorder) Rhus javanica (Diarrhoea amp Dysentery) Spilanthes acemella(cuts amp wounds) S paniculata (pyorrhea amp toothache) Zanthoxylum armatum (pyorrhea amp toothache) Zehneria umbellate (Jaundice) etc Some of the very important bioactive constituents and its biological activities evaluated from the flora of the state

Conservation of the flora All people habitat in Arunachal

Pradesh are tribal of different communities World over tribal population still stores a vast knowledge on utilization of local plants as medicine food items cultural activities and other specific uses The tribal communities draw their sustenance mainly from the forests which provide them food plants health caring resources expressing their traditional cultures and other material requirement



Due to abiotic and biotic factor such as flood landslide earthquakes completion between the different species and forest fire affected the flora of Arunachal Pradesh To conserve the biodiversity Government have formulated law and legislative Act These are (i) Indian Forest Act (ii) the wild life protection Act 1972 (iii) the forest conservation Act 1980 To protect and conserve the natural resources Government setup 9 wild sanctuaries 2 National parks 1 Biosphere reserve and 1 Orchid Sanctuary Presently 9815 sq km as reserve forest 6677 sq km as wild life sanctuary 246823 sq km as National park 51115 sq km as Biosphere reserve and 100 sq km as Orchid sanctuary are protected area of the state Some of important medicinal plant like Coptis teeta Taxus wallichiana Rauvolfia serpentina Ladies slipper orchid (Paphiopedilium species) Aconitum spp Dioscorea deltoidea Picrorhiza kurrooa Swertia chirata etc exported to the other state of India and outside the country But under regulation Act Convention of International Trade in Endangered species of flora and fauna (CITES) the above plants are protected It is important to note that most of endangered species of the state are out side the protected area So Government should take initiative to bring such type of zone under the protected area Awareness among the people is very essential to save the natural resources In this state jhum cultivation is very popular among the tribal people So they exploited some of the endangered plant species due to lack of knowledge on importance of plants Unfortunately large number of plant species disappears from this state So the tribal people of this area should be taken as coordinating effort to create the awareness in the public through Govt and NGOs

There are also lots of scopes to evaluation of bioactive constituent from the flora of the state These bioactive constituents may be utilized in future in preparation of drugs amp drugs intermediate chemical industries pharmaceutical industries etc So conservation of the flora is very much essential at any cost It is very

difficult to conservation of flora by only law and order if there is a lack of interaction between the scientific community and ST people of the state So organizing Van Mahotsava World Environment Day workshop and training program with common public is essential for creating awareness among the general public of the state References 1 Arunachal Forest News Vol 19 2001

1-25 2 Arunachal Forest News Vol 18 2000

5-26 About the Author

Chandan Tamuly had completed MSc in Organic Chemistry from Gauhati University in 2002 Presently he is working as a Scientist in North East Institute of Science amp Technology Branch Itanagar Arunachal Pradesh-791110 in the field of Natural Product Chemistry (email ch_iitgyahoocom)

-----------------------------

Example of quality print from a book published at the beginning of 16th century ndash


--------------




Arsenic problem in north-east a future threat

-Dr Oinam Jayalakshmi Devi

Groundwater arsenic contamination and sufferings of people have been reported in 20 countries in different parts of the world The magnitude is considered highest in five Asian countries and the severity is in order of Bangladesh gt India gt Mangolia gt China gt Taiwan The worlds two biggest cases of groundwater arsenic contamination and those that affected the greatest number of people were in Bangladesh and West Bengal (Chowdhury 2000 Saxena et al 2004 Bhatacharya et al 2002) Arsenic is a semimetal or metalloid occurring naturally in the environment and as a by-product of some agricultural and industrial activities It can enter drinking water through the ground or as runoff into surface water sources Industrial effluents also contribute arsenic to water in some areas It is widely thought that naturally occurring arsenic dissolves out of certain rock formations when groundwater

levels drop significantly Surface arsenic-related pollutants enter the groundwater systems by gradually moving with the flow of groundwater from rains melting of snow etc Drinking water especially groundwater is a major source of arsenic for most people In many parts of world including Taiwan Argentina and Chile it is natural contaminant of ground water elsewhere it has leach into drinking water through mining waste (CMAJ 2002)

The health of tens of millions of people world-wide is at risk from drinking arsenic-contaminated well water In most cases this arsenic occurs naturally within the subsurface aquifers rather than being derived from identifiable point sources of pollution The mobilization of arsenic into the aqueous phase is the first crucial step in a process that eventually leads to human arsenicosis Arsenic occurs in four oxidation states As+5 As+3 As0 and As-3 As+5 and As+3 are the most common in nature whereas the As-3 and As+5 are rare

Fig Origin of Arsenic


Distribution of arsenic in groundwater in northeastern states

In the North Eastern region of India natural springs and dug wells are the only cost effective and viable means of fulfilling the needs of freshwater for present population High concentration of arsenic (As) in groundwater in the northeastern states of India has become a major cause of concern in recent years As in groundwater has been detected in some parts of Assam Tripura Manipur Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh In India after West Bengal and the bordering districts of Bangladesh arsenic in groundwater was detected in part of Assam Arunachal Pradesh Manipur Nagaland and Tripura Maximum arsenic content was observed in Jorhat (Titabor Dhakgorah Selenghat and Moriani Block) Dhemaji (Sissiborgoan and Dhemaji Block) Golaghat district (Podumani Block) and Lakhimpur (Boginodi Lakhimpur Block) in Assam West Tripura (Triania Block) Dhalai (Salema Block) and North Tripura (Dharmanagar Block) districts in Tripura Thuobal (Kakching Block) in Manipur and

Dibang valley (Midland) in Arunachal Pradesh The presence of arsenic (As) in groundwater in the north-eastern states of India and its effect on human health has become a serious concern in recent years A long-term environmental planning is essential to blunt the danger from such pollution Chakraborti et al 2003 and 2007 Nickson et al 2005 has been reported that most of the arsenic affected floodplains in Asia are by the side of the rivers that originate in the Himalayas or Tibet Plateau Thus it is considered that Himalayas and surrounding mountains are potential sources of arsenic bearing minerals Because the North-Eastern Hill states are part of the Himalayan mountain range we anticipated finding groundwater arsenic contamination in the Newer Alluvium (Holocene) of the Brahmaputra Barak Surma and Imphal rivers These basins cover parts of all the seven North- Eastern Hill states Arunachal Pradesh Assam MeghalayaTripura Nagaland Manipur and Mizoram (Fig 1)

Fig 1 Distribution of Arsenic in North Eastern Region of India (Sources Chakraborti Dipankar

et al (2007) Environ Geol)



Baruah et al (2003) reported a significant variation of As in nature organic matter of North east India and nature of accumulation of As in these substance They concluded that total arsenic content shows an increasing enrichment from east to west of North eastern region of India The concentration of arsenic in ground water exceeds the permissible level (10microgL WHO) in one district out of 9 districts in Manipur (Arsenic concentration was very high and varies between 798-986 microgl in Kakching block area of Thoubal district (Singh 2004) Singh 2006 made report that because high arsenic concentration people were suffering from many types of arsenical skin lesions skin cancer and other internal cancer like lung in North eastern region He made report that one district out of 9 districts in Manipur Arsenic concentration was very high and varies between 798-986 microgl in Kakching block area of Thoubal district However latest studies (Chakraborti et al 2007) reported arsenic contamination in groundwater of three districts Imphal west Imphal East and Thoubal exceeding 10 and 50 microgl are quite high

Table 1 Arsenic concentration in five states

States Arsenic Concentration

(microgL) Arunachal Pradesh 58-618 Assam 50-657 Manipur 10-986 Nagaland 50-657 Tripura 65-474

(Sources Singh AK (2004)In Proceedings of National Seminar on Hydrology with focal theme on Water quality National Institute of Hydrology Roorkee pp 255-262)

Table 1 indicate that arsenic pollutant in groundwater of northeast states are very high and people may be at risk of consumption of water contaminated by arsenic gt50microgL The adverse impact of As on human health has been documented and

there are now indications that As can also have a negative effect on agricultural production systems Remediation of As contaminated water is therefore critical Arsenic contamination in Northeastern states is possibly mainly geological and the immediate source material for groundwater is likely to be ferric arsenate (with or without ferric arsenite) derived from an alternation product of the mineral arsenopyrite that was geologically transported to the Bengal delta and Assam valley There is a need for integrated research to understand sources release mechanisms mobilization of As in aquifers and the chemistry of arsenic and high arsenic variance in groundwater of Northeastern state

Reference Baruah MK Kotoky P Baruah J Borah GC

Bora PK (2003) Arsenic association and distribution in carbonaceous materials in North-eastern India Current Science 85(2) 204-208

Chakraborti D Mukherjee SC Pati S Sengupta MK Rahman MM Chowdhury UK Lodh D Chanda CR Chakraborti AK Basu GK (2003) Arsenic groundwater contamination in middle Ganga plain Bihar India a future danger Environ Health Perspect 1111194ndash1201

Chakraborti Dipankar Jayantakumar Singh Bhaskar Das Babar Ali Shah M Amir Hossain Bishwajit Nayak Sad Ahamed Rajmuhon Singh (2007) Groundwater arsenic contamination in Manipur one of the seven North-Eastern Hill states of India a future danger Environ Geol

Nickson R McArthur JM Shrestha B Kyaw-Myint TO Lowry D (2005) Arsenic and other drinking water quality issues Muzaffargarh District Pakistan Appl Geochem 2055ndash68

Singh A K (2007) Approaches for removal of arsenic from Groundwater of North-Eastern India Current Science vol 92(11 10)1506-1515



Singh AK (2006) Chemistry of Arsenic in groundwater of Ganges-Bramapurtra River Current Science 91(10) 599-606

Singh AK (2004) Arsenic Contamination in Groundwater of North Eastern India In Proceedings of National Seminar on Hydrology with focal theme on Water quality National Institute of Hydrology Roorkee pp 255-262


About the author

Dr Oinam Jayalakshmi Devi after completion of her graduation in chemistry from Manipur University (1998) joined Jiwaji University Gwalior for her masterrsquos degree (2002) in Environmental chemistry Then she joined Mysore University for PhD in environmental science and completed in the year 2007 (March) At present she is working as a DST- Young Scientist in School of Environmental Science Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi She has successfully completed several projects At present she is involved in one important project entitled ldquoArsenic and Fluoride distribution and Migration in ground water of Imphal Thoubal and Bishnupur districts in Manipur- an Approach for ground water resource managementrdquo under Department of Science and Technology Government of India New Delhi Email jayalakshmioinamgmailcom

FICTION

Consequences of Time Machine

Himangshu Paul (In this short story I have tried to highlight what may happen if a time machine ever invented fall in wrong hands I am also questioning if a time machine will ever be invented) It was 21st May 2299 I was already

getting late for the conference Actually that day was a great day for me as the government had decided to unveil my invention ldquoTHE TIME MACHINErdquo to the public My time machine would enable a person to travel to any point of time in the past or the future just on pressing of a button It could also make one travel to a desired destination The unveiling ceremony was to be held at 7 orsquoclock in the evening I was very excited thinking about the possible reactions of the people Some might be amazed some might be shocked while some might not believe it calling it a hoax or there would be some people who might question its usefulness or its threat to humanity All these thoughts were roaming in my mind not just that day but for the last few days But whatever be the situation I believed that this invention could never go wrong

Recovering from my sea of imagination I hurried for the ceremony Fortunately I reached there just on the nick of time A very tight security arrangement was made by government which was quite obvious for such a important and unique invention Then I saw the large crowd that has gathered to witness the invention As I expected most of the people were curious to know what it was as it was a never-before experience for all of them But there are still some frowned and expressionless faces questioning the whole idea

I proceeded towards the place where my invention was covered behind a curtain The mayor of the city was going to unveil the lsquoMachinersquo which would be followed by my speech In my speech I was going to address the crowd how my machine would enable people to discover all those unresolved



mysteries of past prehistoric age even may be the facts behind the formation of universe Not only that I will outline how it might help to protect our world from future natural calamities future alien attacks etc When commercialized this machine could act as ldquotime travellerrdquo taking people anywhere in anytime These thoughts bring a sense of pride to me from the time I was building the machine and then the moment of glory arrived After the curtains were drawn there was a great applaud and I was asked to deliver the speech As I was just about to speak an unexpected thing happened---the lights went off and there was darkness everywhere Then suddenly there was a loud roaring sound of an engine followed by a bang and a flash of lightning After a few moments lights came but the Time Machine was not there where it was Everybody was confused what had happened but I think I knew that hellip my Time Machinehelliphellip is gone Someone stole it

There was no clue whatsoever for few days of my lsquoTime Machinersquo Then suddenly one day the local police station received a report that identical people were seen in the suburb region of the city At first the police gave no notice as identical twins were common but soon it was found out that the number of identical persons increased upto 10 or 12 This time the cops got alarmed and decided to visit the place On first look it seemed a deserted factory having barely a soul But on closer inspection it was found out that the factory had been occupied by no less than thousand soldiers and though they (cops) were not sure each soldier seemed to be equipped with highly sophisticated weapons And there one of the officers peeping through an opening in the wall of the factory saw the lsquoTime Machinersquo heavily guarded by the soldiers The police decided not to fight with handful officers but to return with a greater army

When the police related the story to me I was happy as well as frightened Happy for I have found my machine at last and frightened for I have to fight an army much larger and stronger than the police itself to

get it Nonetheless I decided to go with them to get my machine back The next morning I along with an army of about thousand cops marched towards their hideout As we reached there we warned them to surrender or else they will be killed There was silence for a moment but soon the marching of the soldiers could be heard In the next moment there were soldiers in front of us and as doubted equipped with sophisticated weapons But they were not there to surrender but to fight and they were not thousands but millions They were led by a man whom I seemed to know He was none but one of my rival scientists They attacked us The copsrsquo weapons seemed toys before theirs In an instant the whole army of ours was destroyed I could just mange to flee from there

I told the government about the incident The government decided to take measures to cope with the situation A tight security was provided to me but there was something that was still disturbing me In the comfort of my home I reanalyzed the whole situation------- as observed the army of millions had identical soldiers It seemed as if he has turned a few soldiers into million copies of themselves Has he cloned them No it couldnrsquot be because cloning is a lengthy process and in this case only the previous day the cops observed only thousand soldiers and now they are million How come such fast copying could be done In the back of my mind I knew that all these things are somehow related to my time machine

After a long thought I came to the conclusion that he brought advanced weapons from the future But copying oneself to such a large scale was still a great mystery Then suddenly an idea strokes me This building of large army in a short time can be had if we play with the time It could have happened that he has brought himself or a few of his best soldiers to the present time from a certain time in the past using my time machine He again went back to an earlier time and brought them again Doing it again and again each time going to a time earlier than before he created an army for




himself consisting of his best soldiers This process might not be fast but time is not a factor with my Time Machine as he could arrive just at any moment he desires He could even immortalize himself as he could build an army of himselves by bringing himself from different point of time Thus the cause of calamity is known and I feel that the criminal is not him but me as I was the creator of destructive Time Machine

The present owner of the Time Machine was gradually becoming a threat to the world His army was getting larger and larger The entire police force was unable to stop him Being the creator of the calamity the moral responsibility to stop him was vested upon me The only thing that could help me to fight him was another Time Machine If I kill him he could be brought again from an earlier time The only way to kill him once and for all was by killing him just before his birth This would require another Time Machine to go to the past and kill his mother before his birth It was a risk as it could again fall into wrong hands but I had to take the gamble Immediately I started working on it After much hardship as the work was proceeding towards completion another unexpected misfortune happened Somehow the villain came to know about my plan and it seemed as if he was all prepared for this

He decided to give me a taste of my own medicine Before I could complete my Machine he went to the past and killed my grandfather in his childhood But he could not understand till late that this act of him has started an infinite space-time cycle which swallowed everyone including me and him The space-time cycle started as soon as he killed my grandpa and helliphellip helliphellip ldquoThe death of my grandfather meant that my father and subsequently I were not born As I was not born the time machine has never been invented which meant that Time Travel was not possible yet and this prevented my rival scientist to go to the past to kill my grandfather That means my grandpa was alive and so do I As I was born I grew up to build the Time Machine which he stole and used to do all the

misdeeds including the one ndashgoing to the past to kill my grandfather and thus this cycle continuesrdquo

I think God has punished me for building such a destructive invention and for my dauntlessness to mess with the space-time cycle and to play with the laws of nature As a consequence I have been left trapped in this cycle in which I am getting vanished and materializing every couple of seconds and there is least hope that I could recover from herehelliphellip Could you helliphelp me out

About the author

Mr Himangshu Paul is a student of MSc in Nanoscience amp Technology Department of Physics Tezpur University and is in his 4th semester

(email himangshus_mailyahoocoin)

-----------------------------

The climate change wants a Green revolution Green is the beauty of nature To preserve the nature to keep the green let us recall a great poem October Landscape (AAHINOR LANDSCAPE) by Hiren Bhattacharjya I The frenzy of a brutal sky Has ended Green waves ripple Through the restive fields II White flowers of the sugarcane Pierce the inky sky As autumn whispers mdash Every poem has its season III With every shaft of light mdash Amazement With passion mdash Words awaken

----------------------------


POEM It is our proud privilege to congratulate Mr Kamal Kumar Tanti for receiving the ldquoMunin Borkotoki Literary Awardrdquo for his poetry book Maarangburu Amar Pita and I am taking the opportunity to publish one of his award wining poem ldquoBhraman Kahinirdquo

Probably an exact translation of words that come out spontaneously form the heart of a poet is impossible still a creditable effort was taken by Geetika Phukan to translated it to English) Travelogue On the silent street in Salonah tea garden We lost our way Grieving at our grief An old Kachari said ldquoChildren follow your noses There are dreams on the way not reality At the end of the dreams there will be dawnrdquo We realized Looking for flowers is easier Than finding thorns Flowers do not make us feel They feel themselves Thorns do not feel their sharpness They make others feel As travelers We wanted to thank the Old Kachari So halfway through we killed him And left his blood for the vultures and crows The cuckoos loved us for that And finally we reached a land of swords

-----------------

ldquoIn science one tries to tell people in such a way as to be understood by everyone something that no one ever knew before But in poetry its the exact oppositerdquo

- Paul Dirac

I have become my own version of an optimist If I cant make it through one door Ill go through another door - or Ill make a door Something terrific will come no matter how dark the presentrdquo

- Rabindranath Tagore ------------------



POEM


(Inspired by the movie Slumdog millionaire) In a city of dream and destiny of millions I discovered a strange place and a stranger He asked me how much time is required To count the numbers from one to two millions I could nt answer He asked me Is there a more secured shelter than the sky I could nt understand him He asked me Is there any drug that may cure hunger I was numb He asked Do you have the guts in listening to my song A song of paradisehellip Without delay I left the place As I missed all the questions I was out of the race of becoming a Millionairehellip The poet Dr Manabendra Pathak is presently working as a Post-doctorale Fellow in Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Israel

------------------------------- Knowledge of the history and evolution of our ideas is absolutely vital for wise understanding It is also important to read the original source (not a later interpretation which often leads to misrepresentation and error) and that these original quotes should give confidence to the truth of what we say --------Albert Einstein

--------------------------

Do you know

There is a prize which is just opposite (rather parody) to actual Nobel Prize The Ig Nobel Prizes which is also given each year in early October for ten achievements

that First make people laugh and then make them think The prize is organized by the scientific humour magazine ldquoAnnals of Improbable Researchrdquo (AIR) and are normally presented by genuine Nobel Laureates at a ceremony at Harvard Universitys Sanders Theatre and then they give public lectures at MIT The first Ig Nobels were awarded in 1991 for the discoveries That cannot or should not be reproduced

Fig The Ig Nobels a festival of daftness

The 2008 Ig Nobel Prizes were awarded on 2nd October at the 18th First Annual Ig Nobel Prize ceremony The winners of 2008 are listed below Nutrition Prize awarded to Massimiliano Zampini of the University of Trento Italy and Charles Spence of Oxford University UK for their study showing that food actually taste better if it sounds crunchier They electronically modified the sound of a potato chip to make the person chewing the chip believe it to be crisper and fresher than it really is Peace Prize Received by The Swiss Federal Ethics Committee on Non-Human Biotechnology (ECNH) and the citizens of Switzerland for adopting the legal principle that plants have dignity



Archaeology Prize awarded to Astolfo G Mello Araujo and Joseacute Carlos Marcelino of Universidade de Satildeo Paulo Brazil for measuring how the course of history or at least the contents of an archaeological dig site can be scrambled by the actions of a live armadillo Biology Prize awarded to Marie-Christine Cadiergues Christel Joubert and Michel Franc of Ecole Nationale Veterinaire de Toulouse France for discovering that the fleas that live on a dog can jump higher than the fleas that live on a cat Medicine Prize awarded to Dan Ariely of Duke University (USA) Rebecca L Waber of MIT (USA) Baba Shiv of Stanford University (USA) and Ziv Carmon of INSEAD (Singapore) for demonstrating that expensive fake medicine is more effective than cheap fake medicine Cognitive Science Prize received by Toshiyuki Nakagaki of Hokkaido University Japan Hiroyasu Yamada of Nagoya Japan Ryo Kobayashi of Hiroshima University Atsushi Tero of Presto JST Akio Ishiguro of Tohoku University and Aacutegotaacute Toacuteth of the University of Szeged Hungary for discovering that slime molds can solve puzzles Economics Prize awarded to Geoffrey Miller Joshua Tybur and Brent Jordan of the University of New Mexico USA for discovering that professional lap dancers earn higher tips when they are ovulating Physics Prize awarded to Dorian Raymer of the Ocean Observatories Initiative at Scripps Institution of Oceanography USA and Douglas Smith of the University of California San Diego USA for proving mathematically that heaps of string or hair or almost anything else will inevitably tangle themselves up in knots Chemistry Prize awarded to Sharee A Umpierre of the University of Puerto Rico Joseph A Hill of The Fertility Centers of New England (USA) Deborah J Anderson of Boston University School of Medicine and Harvard Medical School (USA) for discovering that Coca-Cola is an effective spermicide and to Chuang-Ye Hong of Taipei Medical University (Taiwan) CC

Shieh P Wu and BN Chiang (all of Taiwan) who showed the opposite Literature Prize received by David Sims of Cass Business School London UK for his lovingly written study You Bastard A Narrative Exploration of the Experience of Indignation within Organizations

Fig In the photo here Nobel Laureate William Lipscomb (left) and Benoit Mandelbrot the inventor of the mathematical concept of fractals drink Coca-Cola to toast the winners of the Ig Nobel Chemistry Prize (Sourcehttpimprobablecom20081003the-2008-ig-nobel-prize-winners)

---------------------------------

Ancient History of NorthEast India at Mahabharat

The earliest references to Manipur date back to the ancient Indian epic Mahabharata in which several characters such as Chitrāngadā Ulupi Babruvahana and Iravan are Manipuris

Chitrāngadā daughter of the king of Manipur married Arjuna and Babrubahana was born to the couple

Ulupi was one of Arjunas wives She was the mother of Iravan

Iravan fought on the side of the Pandavas in the Kurukshetra war and was killed by the Rakshasa Alumvusha on the eighth day of the war

---------------------




ABSTRACT OF PhD THESIS

Ph D thesis abstract of Mohit Lal Dev Chapter 1 Section A

Stereoselective intramolecular hetero DielsndashAlder reactions of 1-oxa-13-butadienes Synthesis of novel annelated pyrrolo[12-a]indoles

The mitomycins are an important class of naturally occurring heterocyclic antitumour antibiotic that possess a 2399a-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[12-a]indole unit as a basic skeleton Subsequent to the discovery of these molecules a number of compounds have been synthesized by molecular modification at the pyrrolo[12-a]indole unit without significant loss of biological activity

N

Me

N

Me

N X

O

YO zMe

X

Y

ON

O

H

H

zMe

ON

N

NH

H

MeMe

N

N

O

N

Me Me

NN

O

Me

XOY

O

z

2 DMF+POCl31 Allyl bromide PTCNaOH

CHO

H

Scheme 1

Ph

Ph

Ph

1

23aX=Z=O Y=CMe2

b-dX=NMeNHY= CO Z=NMeNH

4a-d

5a-d

6

7

8

5c

67 8

9

121

2

3

4

5

1011

4a

5a5b 9a

11a

12b12a


Chapter 1 Section B

Stereoselective intramolecular hetero Diels-Alder reaction of 1-oxa-13-butadienes Synthesis of some novel annulated uracils

Uracils and its annulated derivatives are well recognized by synthetic as well as biological chemists The preparation of naturally occurring complex molecules containing a uracil ring possess significant synthetic challenges A large number of uracil derivatives are reported to exhibit antimycobacterial antitumor antiviral anticancer anti-inflammatory properties

N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

X

YZY

O

O

YZY

O

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

Cl

HX

H

H

Y = NCH3 Z= COY = O Z = C(CH3)2X = NR Oreflux in

toluene

+H

H

Scheme-2a

2

3

4

5

6

Et3N Basecat

1

7

Basically substituted barbituric acids and Meldrumrsquos acid were used for the in situ generation of oxa-13-butadiene system But when 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone 8 was reacted with 3 (Scheme-2b) under the similar reaction conditions a dark orange coloured compound 9 was obtained After determining the structure from the spectroscopic data and elemental analysis it was concluded that the compound 9 was 44prime-methylidyne bis-(1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone)

NN O

Me

PhN

NO

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe CHO

XN

N O

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NH

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NN

O

MePh

+

+8

9

3

10Scheme-2b




Chapter 1 Section C

Synthesis of Novel Classes of Pyrido[23-d]-pyrimidines Pyrano[23-d] pyrimidines and Pteridines Chapter 2 Section A

A Green and Practical Method for the Michael Addition of Indole and Pyrrole to Nitroolefins

NH

R

NH

NH

NH

R

NH

NH2OH

NH

NH2

+NO2 NO2MW

1a-b 2a-e 3a-h

R2R1

Scheme 4

+ MW

5a-f

NO2

4

NO2

R1

2a-f

R2

R2

R2R1

R1

Tryptamine

Serotonin

N

N

O

O NH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O

COOH

N O

N

N

O

O OH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O O

COOH

O

N

N

N

N

O

O NH2

NO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O N

N COOH

O

N

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

2

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

H

H

H

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

Scheme 3

H

H

1a-c

4a-c

6a-c

3a-c

5a-c

7a-c

Pyrido[23-d]pyrimidines

Pyrano[23-d]pyrimidines

Pteridines



Chapter 2 Section B

Uncatalysed Michael addition of indoles Synthesis of some novel 3-alkylated indoles via a three-component reaction in solvent-free conditions

Synthesis of some novel 3-alkylated indoles via a three-component reaction in solvent free conditions The reaction which gave access to an important class of novel indole (or 5-alkylated barbituric acid) derivatives in good to excellent yields also demonstrates an uncatalysed Michael addition of indoles to αβ-unsaturated systems viz αβ -unsaturated cyclic β-diamides (Scheme 5) Chapter 3 Section A

An efficient and clean synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes in a protic solvent at room temperature

Both solvents had their own advantages in terms of the reaction simplicity time required

easy work-up procedure and overall yields The reactivity increased with the increasing order of

acidity of the solvents (H2OgtCH3OH) Moreover the reaction was highly chemoselective and

applicable only to aldehydes and not to ketones containing both the functional groups in a same

compound

N O

HR N

O

O N

R

RO

NH O

N

O

N

R

R

O

N

R

N

+ +

R1

R1

1a-b 2a-g

4a-p

R1

R2

R1

5a-p

H 2

2

H H

+

Scheme 5

3a-b

3

3

3

3

NH

NH

NH

R

+

Scheme 6

RCHO

Methanolrt stir

1 2

waterrt stir

3



Chapter 3 Section B

A novel and efficient method for the synthesis of unsymmetrical diindolylmethanes and indolyl-heterocyclic alkanes

Symmetrical diindolylalkanes can be readily synthesized by Lewis or protic acid catalyzed indole-aldehyde condensation reactions but synthesis of unsymmetrical DIMs is still highly demanding in synthetic community There are very few reports on the synthesis of unsymmetrical DIM and all of them have a number of drawbacks and limitations

It was very interesting to note that the addition of a few drops of water to the reaction mixture accelerates reaction considerably with improved yields Chapter 4 Section A

A facile synthesis of 612-disubstituted 57-dihydroindolo[23-b]carbazoles from the reaction of indole and aldehyde catalysed by molecular iodine

In the reaction strategy utilizing equimolar amounts of indole 1 and bezaldehyde 2a in the presence of catalytic amount of molecular iodine (2 mol ) in refluxing acetonitrile afforded 612-diphenyl-57-dihydroindolo[23-b]carbazole 3a in excellent yields (Scheme 8) The product was isolated simply by filtration and recrystallized from a mixture of DMF and CHCl3

NH N

HNH

R

R

+ R1CHO

1

1

Scheme 8

1 23

I2

CH3CN

NH

N

N

O

O

O NH

N

N

O

O

O

NH N

HNH N

N

O

O

O

R

R R

R

+ R CHO +

Me

MeR

scheme 7

4

4 +

R

6

R3

+

5

3

1

1

1

2

2

2

1 2 3

C2H5OH-H2O

Me

Me

Me

Me

3



Chapter 4 Section B

An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Indolo[32-b]carbazoles from 33prime-bis(indolyl)methanes Catalysed by Molecular Iodine

In this reaction strategy utilizing 33prime-bis(indolyl)methanes 1 with catalytic amount of molecular iodine in refluxing acetonitrile for 20-35 minutes afforded after work-up indolo[32-b]carbazoles 2 in good yields Although the yield of products in the reaction is not very high in some cases there is selective formation of the indolo[32-b]carbazole

NH

R

RNH

NH

RNH

About the Author

Mohit Lal Deb was born in Kailasahar (Tripura) in 1978 After completing his MSc from Tripura University he came to NEIST (Formerly RRL) Jorhat as JRF to pursue his PhD He joined in Medicinal Chemistry Division under the guidance of Dr P J Bhuyan in the area of synthesis of heterocyclic bioactive analogues development of new synthetic methods green chemistry

Currently he is working on asymmetric total synthesis with Dr K R rasad in IISc Bangalore

------------------

ountry of this issue Australia

trong foundation for your future

en

P

---------------- ---------------------------

Scholarships Information about the scholarships can be obtained through the Scholarships Database(

HIGHER STUDY ABROAD C

Australia is one of the best places in the world to live while you learn The standard of living is amongst the highest in the world yet costs remain competitive Moreover Australian education has a strong international reputation for excellence Whether you study at a university school vocational or English language institute you will receive a quality education that will form a ssuccess

httpwwwstudyinaustraliagovauSiaCourseSearchScholarshipSearchhtm)

ips are also

found at

Some Australian Scholarshavailable for three programs Endeavour Awards ndash The Endeavour Awards is the Australian Governmentrsquos internationally competitive merit-based scholarship program providing opportunities for citizens of the Asia-Pacific and Middle East regions to undertake study research and professional development in Australia Further information can bewwwendeavourdeewrgovau Australian Leadership Awards (ALA) ndash focus on developing leaders who can influence social and economic policy reform and development outcomes in both their own countries and in the Asia-Pacific region ALAs provide scholarship support for postgraduate studies in Australia and

NH

Scheme 101a-j

CH3CN

2a-j

I2+

3



short-term fellowship opportunities in specialised research study or professional attachments through participating Australian organisations Further information can be found at wwwausaidgovauscholar Australian Development Scholarships (ADS) ndash aim to contribute to the long-term development needs of Australias partner countries to promote good governance economic growth and human development ADS provides people with the necessary skills and knowledge to drive change and influence the development outcomes of their own country through obtaining tertiary qualifications at participating Australian institutions Further information can be found at wwwausaidgovauscholar Australian Catholic University [ACU]

orce Australian Defence FAcademy [ADFA] Australian Graduate School of Management [AGSM] Australian National University [ANU] Bond University [Bond] Central Queensland University [CQU] Charles Darwin University [CDU] Charles Sturt University [CSU] Curtin University of Technology [CURTIN] Deakin University [Deakin] Edith Cowan University [ECU] Flinders University [FLINDERS] Griffith University [GRIFFITH] James Cook University [JCU] La Trobe University [LATROBE] Macquarie University [MACQUARIE] Monash University [MONASH] Murdoch University [MURDOCH]

ty of Queensland UniversiTechnology [QUT] RMIT University [RMIT] Southern Cross University [SCU] Swinburne University of Technology [SWINBURNE] University of Adelaide [ADELAIDE] University of Ballarat [BALLARAT] University of Canberra [CANBERRA] University of Melbourne [MELBOURNE]

University of New England [UNE] University of New South Wales [UNSW]

ewcastleUniversity of N [NEWCASTLE] otre Dame Australia -University of N

The [UNDA] University of Queensland [QUEENSLAND] University of South Australia [UniSA] University of Southern Queensland [USQ] University of Sydney [SYDNEY] University of Tasmania [TASMANIA] University of Technology Sydney [UTS] University of the Sunshine Coast [USC] University of Western Australia [UWA]

eyUniversity of Western Sydn [UWS] niversity of WollongongU [UOW]

UniversityVictoria [VU] -------

The Legend Rabindranath Tagore various stages

1879 studying in England With wife Mrinalini 1883

The legend with the legends

Visiting a youthgroup in Germany 1930

-----------------------------



THROUGH THE LENS OF THE FORUM MEMBERS

A smile of sky The power of

-by Dr Arindam Adhikari wind (a rare combination of Moon Jupiter and Ven

- by Manab Sharma us Dec 08)

Frozen beauty -by Dr Arindam Adhikari

The landscape - by Manab Sharma


JOB ADVERTISEMENT

1 UKEU PhD Studentships Department of Chemistry For entry from September 2009 Applications are invited for our three year research programmes leading to the degree of PhD The Department performed very impressively in the latest RAE appraisal with every submission being ranked as internationaly recognised or better which means that even members of staff that are in the very beginning of their career are world class Prospective candidates are expected to contact members of the academic staff working in their fields of interest via httpwwwchemuclacukpeopleacadstaffhtml Our main research activities are in the following areas Chemical Biology Chemical Physics Chemical Magnetism Computational Chemistry CrystallographyIndustrial Materials Electrochemistry High Performance Scientific Computing Inorganic and Materials Chemistry Nanoscience Synthetic Organic Chemistry Spectroscopy Further information on our research programmes is available from httpwwwchemuclacukresearchindexhtml The department has world class facilities in the areas of scanning probe microscopy x-ray powder diffraction scanning electron microscopy mass spectrometry NMR XPS ultra fast laser spectroscopy Raman spectroscopy computational chemistry time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy attosecond science FTIR RAIRS spectroscopy and thermal imaging The Department also makes extensive use of national and international neutron and synchrotron radiation facilities Close collaborative links exist with industry and other university departments in the UK and abroad

The minimum academic requirement for admission is an upper second class honours degree or a lower second with a Masters (or overseas equivalents) in a relevant subject Applications can be filled out on line at httpwwwuclacukadmissiongraduate-studyapplication-admission and information on English requirements are at httpwwwuclacukprospective-studentsgraduate-studyapplication-admissionenglish-language Information on our Postgraduate Open Day on 18 February 2009 can be found at httpwwwchemuclacukeventspgopenday_UCLpdf You may contact Mary Lou Jabore (mljaboreuclacuk) who is happy to answer questions about the admissions process and funding opportunities available 2 Research Associate (postdoctoral) UCL Department of Mathematics Applications are invited for a postdoctoral Research Associate to work with Professor Minhyong Kim on the project Non-commutative fundamental groups in Diophantine geometry The responsibilities of the Research Associate will include carrying out vigorous high-level research into non-abelian methods in Diophantine and arithmetic geometry This research is funded by the EPSRC Candidates should have a PhD in number theory algebraic geometry or a related field Candidates should also have experience in (one of) the following areas Algebraic number theory arithmetic fundamental groups Galois representations automorphic forms and representation theory theory of motives arithmetic topology The post is available from 1 May 2009 (or as soon as possible thereafter) for 36 months Starting salary for the post will be on Grade 7 point 29 pound28839 per annum plus London Allowance of pound2781 per annum Contact for informal enquiries Professor Minhyong Kim email minhyongkimuclacuk tel 020 7679 1333




Application process Letters of application including a CV names of three referees and a completed Personal DetailsEqual Opportunities Form should be sent to Ms Soheni Datta Department of Mathematics UCL Gower Street London WC1E 6BT Tel 020 7679 2839 email sohenipc-ahmathuclacuk The Personal DetailsEqual Opportunities Form and Further Particulars of the post can be found at httpwwwuclacukmathsAdvertsVacancieshtml 3 Marie Curie Early Stage Researcher Department of Chemistry pound25824 pa (Including allowances) To work on projects within the European Union Initial Training Network ELCAT (Electrocatalysis) within Professor David Schiffrins group You should have an appropriate degree in the area of Physical ChemistryElectrochemistry Both posts could lead to a higher degree You will investigate the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to obtain useful products The post is available for 3 years Job Ref R-569028JAC The post Is funded from EU-Marie Curie grants and due to requirements of the funding body candidates should be non-UK nationals and have up to four years research experience Closing Date 13 February 2009 For full details or to request an application pack visit wwwlivacukworkingjob_vacancies or e-mail jobslivacuk Tel 0151 794 2210 (24 hr answerphone)

4 The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center

Job Title Computational Drug Discovery Postdoctoral Positions

Job Number 4004738 Date Posted 01262009 Application Deadline Open Until Filled Job Description

Computational drug discovery postdoctoral positions are available immediately at the Department of Experimental Therapeutics MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX

Job Responsibilities The research projects are to discover and design specific inhibitors for targets implicated in cancers using state-of-the-art hit identification and lead optimization techniques The individuals are also expected to develop programs to study ligand polypharmacology using both cheminformatics and bioinformatics concepts

QualificationsSkills Candidates should have PhD degrees in cheminformatics bioinformatics computational medicinal chemistry physics or related fields The individuals should be self-motivated and quick-learners They should have prior experience in biomolecular modeling and drug discovery Practical knowledge and experience of using current CADD techniques is desirable Applicants should have excellent programming skills in-depth knowledge of cheminformatics and bioinformatics and proficiency with chemical biological databases If interested please send your application (curriculum vitae reference contact and a cover letter describing research interests and goals) to Dr Shuxing Zhang shuzhang AT mdanderson DOT org Contact The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center 1515 Holcombe Blvd Houston TX 77030 United States Employers Web Site Visit employers website



Details about the Northeast India Research Forum

Date of creation of the forum 13th November 2004

Area Science and Technology Total number of members till date 263

Moderators 1 Arindam Adhikari PhD Institute of Surface Chemistry Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden Email arindam_tskyahoocom

2 Ashim J Thakur PhD Chemical Science Dept Tezpur University Tezpur Assam Email ajtthaxyahoocom

3 Utpal Borah PhD Dibrugarh University Assam India Email utborayahoocoin

4 Khirud Gogoi PhD University of California San Diego La Jolla USA Emailkhirudggmailcom

Editorial Team of NE Quest

1 Dhanapati Deka PhD Tezpur University Assam Email dhanapatitezuernetin

2 Tankeswar Nath PhD Jubilant Organosys Ltd Gajraula UP India Email tankeswar_nathjublcom

3 Manab Sharma PhD UTAS Australia Email mansharma123yahoocom

4 Rashmi Rekha Devi PhD Defence Material amp Stores Research amp Dev Establishment DRDO Kanpur Email devi_rashmiyahoocom

5 Joshodeep Boruwa PhD UniversitAtildecopy Louis Pasteur (ULP) France Email jboruwagmailcom

6 Pankaj Bharali Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad India Email pankaj_rrljyahoocoin

7 Pranjal Saikia Indian Institute of Chemical Technology IICT Hyderabad India Email psjorhatyahoocouk 9 Shanta Laishram Ph D Dept of Pure Mathematics University of Waterloo Canada Email shantalaishramgmailcom

8 Sasanka Deka PhD National Nanotechnology Laboratory Lecce Italy Email ssdekagmailcom 10 Aacuteshim Thakur PhD 11 Utpal Borah PhD 12 Arindam Adhikari PhD

Logo designed by Manab Sharma PhD Email mansharma123yahoocom

Cover page designed by Anirban Pune


httpwwwneindiaresearchorg

China builds inland Antarctic base






His long list of awards includes the Fellow of the Institute of Mathematics and Its Applications (FIMA) in 1991 a Chartered Mathematician of IMA and in 1992 the American Biographical Institute selected him as Man of the Year WIT (UK) Eminent Scientists Award for his outstanding research contributions in Fluid Mechanics Science At the International Conference on Advances in Fluid Mechanics held at Lisbon Portugal 22-24 March 2004 Professor Rahman was admitted as a Fellow of Wessex Institute of Great Britain (FWIGB) He was also presented with a certificate for his outstanding research and leadership in the field of Fluid Mechanics He was also been felicitated for his outstanding research and teaching accomplishments by the Assam Sahitya Sabha at its 68th Open Session held at Sipajhar Assam India on 19 February 2005 Professor Rahman has published 17 textbooks and research monographs and over 250 research papers in refereed journals and proceedings Professor Rahman has been awarded the 2001 Outstanding Academic Title Award for his book Mathematical Methods with Applications by the CHOICE Magazine which is published by the Association of College and Research Libraries in the USA This book has been chosen to be one of the ldquobest of the bestrdquo among the 23000 books reviewed by CHOICE in the year 2001 Professor Rahman is currently Managing Editor of the international series on Advances in Fluid Mechanics published by WIT Press UK 50 volumes of which has been published since it was created by him in 1993


Rank

Institution

Country

Peer review score


Staffstudent score




Overall score

I

II

III

Australia is one of the best places in the world to live while you learn The standard of living is amongst the highest in the world yet costs remain competitive Moreover Australian education has a strong international reputation for excellence Whether you study at a university school vocational or English language institute you will receive a quality education that will form a strong foundation for your future success

1 UKEU PhD Studentships

Department of Chemistry

2 Research Associate (postdoctoral)

UCL Department of Mathematics

3 Marie Curie Early Stage Researcher




Newsletter of

NORTH EAST INDIA RESEARCH FORUM

(Dedicated to Late Mohinibala Rabha)


wwwneindiaresearchorg










-Manab Sharma

----------------- ---------------






--------------------------------


CONTENTS


17


18


25


30


35


38


41


42


44


49


51








0 10 20 30 40 500

50

100

150

200

250

300

No

of M

embe

rs

Months






























7 New activity

























----------------

SCIENCE NEWS





















s

Indiarsquos


origin (S



lunar-orbiting



After Chandrayaan-I
















































----------------------------------------

Do you know









--------------------------------

















-- -

u

Burman-speaking

(Source http






--------------------



Tibeto-Burman pop


---------------------




AWARDS FELLOWSHIP












-- Betty Bender


RECEIVED BY MEMBERS


Lucknow India


Ontario Canada







2009


crystallography


---------------

shouldnt have

-------------





microorganism



Seco


Need











What are endophytes




















Fig 1 Gary

























Conclusion





































Mycobacterium sp

Wheat scots pine






Curtobacterium sp


Micrococcus luteus


Curtobacterium sp




Micrococcus luteus







Ficus benjamina



Ricinus communis

Kim et al 2006



Streptomyces albus


Corynebacterium spp


Carrim et al 2006


Carrim et al 2006


Lin et al 2005

Streptomyces sp R5





of action Reference












M tuberculosis)

--- Zhao et al 2005








(and antibacterial)





2007


Ficus benjaminica


Anticancer (and


et al 2008)









435

Huang et al 2006




2007











2003





Maytenus hookeri













ARTICLE




















Score on

alumni

Score on

award

Score on

HiCi

Score on

NampS

Score on

PUB

Score on

PCP

Total score

1 Harvard Univ US 1 100 100 100 100 100 741 100

2 Stanford Univ US 2 40 787 866 689 716 669 737


US 3 69 771 688 706 70 53 714

4 Univ Cambridge

UK 1 903 915 536 56 641 65 704


US 4 71 806 656 687 616 539 696


US 5 528 691 574 661 497 100 654

7 Columbia Univ

US 6 724 657 565 523 705 466 625

8 Princeton Univ

US 7 593 804 619 405 448 593 589

9 Univ Chicago US 8 674 819 505 395 519 413 571

10 Univ Oxford UK 2 59 579 484 52 66 457 568

11 Yale Univ US 9 485 436 57 557 624 487 549

12 Cornell Univ US 10 415 513 541 523 647 404 541

13 Univ California-

Los Angeles

US 11 244 428 574 489 757 36 524


US 12 158 34 597 53 667 474 503


US 13 317 344 583 413 69 392 490

16 Univ Washington-

Seattle

US 14 257 318 531 495 741 28 483


US 15 384 355 526 412 681 288 474

18 Univ California-

San Francisco

US 16 0 368 541 515 608 475 466

19 Tokyo Univ Japan 1 322 141 431 519 833 35 464


US 17 458 278 431 487 685 248 455

303-401

IISc-Bangalore

India 1-2 0 0 126 82 33 167

303-401

IIT-Kharagpur

India 1-2 0 0 103 48 288 143
















Staffstudent score




Overall score



4 Univ Oxford UK 100 100 100 85 96 96 989



UK 99 100 100 83 98 100 984


8 Univ Chicago US 100 99 98 91 78 83 980


10 Columbia Univ US 100 99 98 94 29 89 963



13 Duke Univ US 97 98 100 94 30 66 944


15 Cornell Univ US 100 99 90 96 28 76 943


17 Stanford Univ US 100 100 67 100 26 87 912

18 Univ Michigan US 99 99 85 84 59 51 910












About the author



---------------------------------------------





--------




---------------









































Gen Spp India

Gen Spp World


25 129 25 114 45 550














-----------------------------



--------------




































About the author


FICTION






















About the author



-----------------------------


----------------------------




-----------------


- Paul Dirac





POEM




--------------------------

Do you know










---------------------------------






---------------------








N

Me

N

Me

N X

O

YO zMe

X

Y

ON

O

H

H

zMe

ON

N

NH

H

MeMe

N

N

O

N

Me Me

NN

O

Me

XOY

O

z


CHO

H

Scheme 1

Ph

Ph

Ph

1

23aX=Z=O Y=CMe2


4a-d

5a-d

6

7

8

5c

67 8

9

121

2

3

4

5

1011

4a

5a5b 9a

11a

12b12a


Chapter 1 Section B



N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

X

YZY

O

O

YZY

O

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

Cl

HX

H

H


toluene

+H

H

Scheme-2a

2

3

4

5

6

Et3N Basecat

1

7


NN O

Me

PhN

NO

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe CHO

XN

N O

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NH

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NN

O

MePh

+

+8

9

3

10Scheme-2b




Chapter 1 Section C



NH

R

NH

NH

NH

R

NH

NH2OH

NH

NH2

+NO2 NO2MW

1a-b 2a-e 3a-h

R2R1

Scheme 4

+ MW

5a-f

NO2

4

NO2

R1

2a-f

R2

R2

R2R1

R1

Tryptamine

Serotonin

N

N

O

O NH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O

COOH

N O

N

N

O

O OH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O O

COOH

O

N

N

N

N

O

O NH2

NO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O N

N COOH

O

N

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

2

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

H

H

H

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

Scheme 3

H

H

1a-c

4a-c

6a-c

3a-c

5a-c

7a-c



Pteridines



Chapter 2 Section B








compound

N O

HR N

O

O N

R

RO

NH O

N

O

N

R

R

O

N

R

N

+ +

R1

R1

1a-b 2a-g

4a-p

R1

R2

R1

5a-p

H 2

2

H H

+

Scheme 5

3a-b

3

3

3

3

NH

NH

NH

R

+

Scheme 6

RCHO

Methanolrt stir

1 2

waterrt stir

3



Chapter 3 Section B






NH N

HNH

R

R

+ R1CHO

1

1

Scheme 8

1 23

I2

CH3CN

NH

N

N

O

O

O NH

N

N

O

O

O

NH N

HNH N

N

O

O

O

R

R R

R

+ R CHO +

Me

MeR

scheme 7

4

4 +

R

6

R3

+

5

3

1

1

1

2

2

2

1 2 3

C2H5OH-H2O

Me

Me

Me

Me

3



Chapter 4 Section B



NH

R

RNH

NH

RNH

About the Author



------------------



en

P

---------------- ---------------------------





ips are also

found at


NH

Scheme 101a-j

CH3CN

2a-j

I2+

3















-----------------------------










JOB ADVERTISEMENT











































Rank

Institution

Country

Peer review score


Staffstudent score




Overall score

I

II

III

















-Manab Sharma

----------------- ---------------






--------------------------------


CONTENTS


17


18


25


30


35


38


41


42


44


49


51








0 10 20 30 40 500

50

100

150

200

250

300

No

of M

embe

rs

Months






























7 New activity

























----------------

SCIENCE NEWS





















s

Indiarsquos


origin (S



lunar-orbiting



After Chandrayaan-I
















































----------------------------------------

Do you know









--------------------------------

















-- -

u

Burman-speaking

(Source http






--------------------



Tibeto-Burman pop


---------------------




AWARDS FELLOWSHIP












-- Betty Bender


RECEIVED BY MEMBERS


Lucknow India


Ontario Canada







2009


crystallography


---------------

shouldnt have

-------------





microorganism



Seco


Need











What are endophytes




















Fig 1 Gary

























Conclusion





































Mycobacterium sp

Wheat scots pine






Curtobacterium sp


Micrococcus luteus


Curtobacterium sp




Micrococcus luteus







Ficus benjamina



Ricinus communis

Kim et al 2006



Streptomyces albus


Corynebacterium spp


Carrim et al 2006


Carrim et al 2006


Lin et al 2005

Streptomyces sp R5





of action Reference












M tuberculosis)

--- Zhao et al 2005








(and antibacterial)





2007


Ficus benjaminica


Anticancer (and


et al 2008)









435

Huang et al 2006




2007











2003





Maytenus hookeri













ARTICLE




















Score on

alumni

Score on

award

Score on

HiCi

Score on

NampS

Score on

PUB

Score on

PCP

Total score

1 Harvard Univ US 1 100 100 100 100 100 741 100

2 Stanford Univ US 2 40 787 866 689 716 669 737


US 3 69 771 688 706 70 53 714

4 Univ Cambridge

UK 1 903 915 536 56 641 65 704


US 4 71 806 656 687 616 539 696


US 5 528 691 574 661 497 100 654

7 Columbia Univ

US 6 724 657 565 523 705 466 625

8 Princeton Univ

US 7 593 804 619 405 448 593 589

9 Univ Chicago US 8 674 819 505 395 519 413 571

10 Univ Oxford UK 2 59 579 484 52 66 457 568

11 Yale Univ US 9 485 436 57 557 624 487 549

12 Cornell Univ US 10 415 513 541 523 647 404 541

13 Univ California-

Los Angeles

US 11 244 428 574 489 757 36 524


US 12 158 34 597 53 667 474 503


US 13 317 344 583 413 69 392 490

16 Univ Washington-

Seattle

US 14 257 318 531 495 741 28 483


US 15 384 355 526 412 681 288 474

18 Univ California-

San Francisco

US 16 0 368 541 515 608 475 466

19 Tokyo Univ Japan 1 322 141 431 519 833 35 464


US 17 458 278 431 487 685 248 455

303-401

IISc-Bangalore

India 1-2 0 0 126 82 33 167

303-401

IIT-Kharagpur

India 1-2 0 0 103 48 288 143
















Staffstudent score




Overall score



4 Univ Oxford UK 100 100 100 85 96 96 989



UK 99 100 100 83 98 100 984


8 Univ Chicago US 100 99 98 91 78 83 980


10 Columbia Univ US 100 99 98 94 29 89 963



13 Duke Univ US 97 98 100 94 30 66 944


15 Cornell Univ US 100 99 90 96 28 76 943


17 Stanford Univ US 100 100 67 100 26 87 912

18 Univ Michigan US 99 99 85 84 59 51 910












About the author



---------------------------------------------





--------




---------------









































Gen Spp India

Gen Spp World


25 129 25 114 45 550














-----------------------------



--------------




































About the author


FICTION






















About the author



-----------------------------


----------------------------




-----------------


- Paul Dirac





POEM




--------------------------

Do you know










---------------------------------






---------------------








N

Me

N

Me

N X

O

YO zMe

X

Y

ON

O

H

H

zMe

ON

N

NH

H

MeMe

N

N

O

N

Me Me

NN

O

Me

XOY

O

z


CHO

H

Scheme 1

Ph

Ph

Ph

1

23aX=Z=O Y=CMe2


4a-d

5a-d

6

7

8

5c

67 8

9

121

2

3

4

5

1011

4a

5a5b 9a

11a

12b12a


Chapter 1 Section B



N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

X

YZY

O

O

YZY

O

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

Cl

HX

H

H


toluene

+H

H

Scheme-2a

2

3

4

5

6

Et3N Basecat

1

7


NN O

Me

PhN

NO

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe CHO

XN

N O

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NH

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NN

O

MePh

+

+8

9

3

10Scheme-2b




Chapter 1 Section C



NH

R

NH

NH

NH

R

NH

NH2OH

NH

NH2

+NO2 NO2MW

1a-b 2a-e 3a-h

R2R1

Scheme 4

+ MW

5a-f

NO2

4

NO2

R1

2a-f

R2

R2

R2R1

R1

Tryptamine

Serotonin

N

N

O

O NH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O

COOH

N O

N

N

O

O OH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O O

COOH

O

N

N

N

N

O

O NH2

NO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O N

N COOH

O

N

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

2

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

H

H

H

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

Scheme 3

H

H

1a-c

4a-c

6a-c

3a-c

5a-c

7a-c



Pteridines



Chapter 2 Section B








compound

N O

HR N

O

O N

R

RO

NH O

N

O

N

R

R

O

N

R

N

+ +

R1

R1

1a-b 2a-g

4a-p

R1

R2

R1

5a-p

H 2

2

H H

+

Scheme 5

3a-b

3

3

3

3

NH

NH

NH

R

+

Scheme 6

RCHO

Methanolrt stir

1 2

waterrt stir

3



Chapter 3 Section B






NH N

HNH

R

R

+ R1CHO

1

1

Scheme 8

1 23

I2

CH3CN

NH

N

N

O

O

O NH

N

N

O

O

O

NH N

HNH N

N

O

O

O

R

R R

R

+ R CHO +

Me

MeR

scheme 7

4

4 +

R

6

R3

+

5

3

1

1

1

2

2

2

1 2 3

C2H5OH-H2O

Me

Me

Me

Me

3



Chapter 4 Section B



NH

R

RNH

NH

RNH

About the Author



------------------



en

P

---------------- ---------------------------





ips are also

found at


NH

Scheme 101a-j

CH3CN

2a-j

I2+

3















-----------------------------










JOB ADVERTISEMENT











































Rank

Institution

Country

Peer review score


Staffstudent score




Overall score

I

II

III









CONTENTS


17


18


25


30


35


38


41


42


44


49


51








0 10 20 30 40 500

50

100

150

200

250

300

No

of M

embe

rs

Months






























7 New activity

























----------------

SCIENCE NEWS





















s

Indiarsquos


origin (S



lunar-orbiting



After Chandrayaan-I
















































----------------------------------------

Do you know









--------------------------------

















-- -

u

Burman-speaking

(Source http






--------------------



Tibeto-Burman pop


---------------------




AWARDS FELLOWSHIP












-- Betty Bender


RECEIVED BY MEMBERS


Lucknow India


Ontario Canada







2009


crystallography


---------------

shouldnt have

-------------





microorganism



Seco


Need











What are endophytes




















Fig 1 Gary

























Conclusion





































Mycobacterium sp

Wheat scots pine






Curtobacterium sp


Micrococcus luteus


Curtobacterium sp




Micrococcus luteus







Ficus benjamina



Ricinus communis

Kim et al 2006



Streptomyces albus


Corynebacterium spp


Carrim et al 2006


Carrim et al 2006


Lin et al 2005

Streptomyces sp R5





of action Reference












M tuberculosis)

--- Zhao et al 2005








(and antibacterial)





2007


Ficus benjaminica


Anticancer (and


et al 2008)









435

Huang et al 2006




2007











2003





Maytenus hookeri













ARTICLE




















Score on

alumni

Score on

award

Score on

HiCi

Score on

NampS

Score on

PUB

Score on

PCP

Total score

1 Harvard Univ US 1 100 100 100 100 100 741 100

2 Stanford Univ US 2 40 787 866 689 716 669 737


US 3 69 771 688 706 70 53 714

4 Univ Cambridge

UK 1 903 915 536 56 641 65 704


US 4 71 806 656 687 616 539 696


US 5 528 691 574 661 497 100 654

7 Columbia Univ

US 6 724 657 565 523 705 466 625

8 Princeton Univ

US 7 593 804 619 405 448 593 589

9 Univ Chicago US 8 674 819 505 395 519 413 571

10 Univ Oxford UK 2 59 579 484 52 66 457 568

11 Yale Univ US 9 485 436 57 557 624 487 549

12 Cornell Univ US 10 415 513 541 523 647 404 541

13 Univ California-

Los Angeles

US 11 244 428 574 489 757 36 524


US 12 158 34 597 53 667 474 503


US 13 317 344 583 413 69 392 490

16 Univ Washington-

Seattle

US 14 257 318 531 495 741 28 483


US 15 384 355 526 412 681 288 474

18 Univ California-

San Francisco

US 16 0 368 541 515 608 475 466

19 Tokyo Univ Japan 1 322 141 431 519 833 35 464


US 17 458 278 431 487 685 248 455

303-401

IISc-Bangalore

India 1-2 0 0 126 82 33 167

303-401

IIT-Kharagpur

India 1-2 0 0 103 48 288 143
















Staffstudent score




Overall score



4 Univ Oxford UK 100 100 100 85 96 96 989



UK 99 100 100 83 98 100 984


8 Univ Chicago US 100 99 98 91 78 83 980


10 Columbia Univ US 100 99 98 94 29 89 963



13 Duke Univ US 97 98 100 94 30 66 944


15 Cornell Univ US 100 99 90 96 28 76 943


17 Stanford Univ US 100 100 67 100 26 87 912

18 Univ Michigan US 99 99 85 84 59 51 910












About the author



---------------------------------------------





--------




---------------









































Gen Spp India

Gen Spp World


25 129 25 114 45 550














-----------------------------



--------------




































About the author


FICTION






















About the author



-----------------------------


----------------------------




-----------------


- Paul Dirac





POEM




--------------------------

Do you know










---------------------------------






---------------------








N

Me

N

Me

N X

O

YO zMe

X

Y

ON

O

H

H

zMe

ON

N

NH

H

MeMe

N

N

O

N

Me Me

NN

O

Me

XOY

O

z


CHO

H

Scheme 1

Ph

Ph

Ph

1

23aX=Z=O Y=CMe2


4a-d

5a-d

6

7

8

5c

67 8

9

121

2

3

4

5

1011

4a

5a5b 9a

11a

12b12a


Chapter 1 Section B



N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

X

YZY

O

O

YZY

O

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

Cl

HX

H

H


toluene

+H

H

Scheme-2a

2

3

4

5

6

Et3N Basecat

1

7


NN O

Me

PhN

NO

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe CHO

XN

N O

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NH

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NN

O

MePh

+

+8

9

3

10Scheme-2b




Chapter 1 Section C



NH

R

NH

NH

NH

R

NH

NH2OH

NH

NH2

+NO2 NO2MW

1a-b 2a-e 3a-h

R2R1

Scheme 4

+ MW

5a-f

NO2

4

NO2

R1

2a-f

R2

R2

R2R1

R1

Tryptamine

Serotonin

N

N

O

O NH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O

COOH

N O

N

N

O

O OH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O O

COOH

O

N

N

N

N

O

O NH2

NO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O N

N COOH

O

N

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

2

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

H

H

H

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

Scheme 3

H

H

1a-c

4a-c

6a-c

3a-c

5a-c

7a-c



Pteridines



Chapter 2 Section B








compound

N O

HR N

O

O N

R

RO

NH O

N

O

N

R

R

O

N

R

N

+ +

R1

R1

1a-b 2a-g

4a-p

R1

R2

R1

5a-p

H 2

2

H H

+

Scheme 5

3a-b

3

3

3

3

NH

NH

NH

R

+

Scheme 6

RCHO

Methanolrt stir

1 2

waterrt stir

3



Chapter 3 Section B






NH N

HNH

R

R

+ R1CHO

1

1

Scheme 8

1 23

I2

CH3CN

NH

N

N

O

O

O NH

N

N

O

O

O

NH N

HNH N

N

O

O

O

R

R R

R

+ R CHO +

Me

MeR

scheme 7

4

4 +

R

6

R3

+

5

3

1

1

1

2

2

2

1 2 3

C2H5OH-H2O

Me

Me

Me

Me

3



Chapter 4 Section B



NH

R

RNH

NH

RNH

About the Author



------------------



en

P

---------------- ---------------------------





ips are also

found at


NH

Scheme 101a-j

CH3CN

2a-j

I2+

3















-----------------------------










JOB ADVERTISEMENT











































Rank

Institution

Country

Peer review score


Staffstudent score




Overall score

I

II

III











0 10 20 30 40 500

50

100

150

200

250

300

No

of M

embe

rs

Months






























7 New activity

























----------------

SCIENCE NEWS





















s

Indiarsquos


origin (S



lunar-orbiting



After Chandrayaan-I
















































----------------------------------------

Do you know









--------------------------------

















-- -

u

Burman-speaking

(Source http






--------------------



Tibeto-Burman pop


---------------------




AWARDS FELLOWSHIP












-- Betty Bender


RECEIVED BY MEMBERS


Lucknow India


Ontario Canada







2009


crystallography


---------------

shouldnt have

-------------





microorganism



Seco


Need











What are endophytes




















Fig 1 Gary

























Conclusion





































Mycobacterium sp

Wheat scots pine






Curtobacterium sp


Micrococcus luteus


Curtobacterium sp




Micrococcus luteus







Ficus benjamina



Ricinus communis

Kim et al 2006



Streptomyces albus


Corynebacterium spp


Carrim et al 2006


Carrim et al 2006


Lin et al 2005

Streptomyces sp R5





of action Reference












M tuberculosis)

--- Zhao et al 2005








(and antibacterial)





2007


Ficus benjaminica


Anticancer (and


et al 2008)









435

Huang et al 2006




2007











2003





Maytenus hookeri













ARTICLE




















Score on

alumni

Score on

award

Score on

HiCi

Score on

NampS

Score on

PUB

Score on

PCP

Total score

1 Harvard Univ US 1 100 100 100 100 100 741 100

2 Stanford Univ US 2 40 787 866 689 716 669 737


US 3 69 771 688 706 70 53 714

4 Univ Cambridge

UK 1 903 915 536 56 641 65 704


US 4 71 806 656 687 616 539 696


US 5 528 691 574 661 497 100 654

7 Columbia Univ

US 6 724 657 565 523 705 466 625

8 Princeton Univ

US 7 593 804 619 405 448 593 589

9 Univ Chicago US 8 674 819 505 395 519 413 571

10 Univ Oxford UK 2 59 579 484 52 66 457 568

11 Yale Univ US 9 485 436 57 557 624 487 549

12 Cornell Univ US 10 415 513 541 523 647 404 541

13 Univ California-

Los Angeles

US 11 244 428 574 489 757 36 524


US 12 158 34 597 53 667 474 503


US 13 317 344 583 413 69 392 490

16 Univ Washington-

Seattle

US 14 257 318 531 495 741 28 483


US 15 384 355 526 412 681 288 474

18 Univ California-

San Francisco

US 16 0 368 541 515 608 475 466

19 Tokyo Univ Japan 1 322 141 431 519 833 35 464


US 17 458 278 431 487 685 248 455

303-401

IISc-Bangalore

India 1-2 0 0 126 82 33 167

303-401

IIT-Kharagpur

India 1-2 0 0 103 48 288 143
















Staffstudent score




Overall score



4 Univ Oxford UK 100 100 100 85 96 96 989



UK 99 100 100 83 98 100 984


8 Univ Chicago US 100 99 98 91 78 83 980


10 Columbia Univ US 100 99 98 94 29 89 963



13 Duke Univ US 97 98 100 94 30 66 944


15 Cornell Univ US 100 99 90 96 28 76 943


17 Stanford Univ US 100 100 67 100 26 87 912

18 Univ Michigan US 99 99 85 84 59 51 910












About the author



---------------------------------------------





--------




---------------









































Gen Spp India

Gen Spp World


25 129 25 114 45 550














-----------------------------



--------------




































About the author


FICTION






















About the author



-----------------------------


----------------------------




-----------------


- Paul Dirac





POEM




--------------------------

Do you know










---------------------------------






---------------------








N

Me

N

Me

N X

O

YO zMe

X

Y

ON

O

H

H

zMe

ON

N

NH

H

MeMe

N

N

O

N

Me Me

NN

O

Me

XOY

O

z


CHO

H

Scheme 1

Ph

Ph

Ph

1

23aX=Z=O Y=CMe2


4a-d

5a-d

6

7

8

5c

67 8

9

121

2

3

4

5

1011

4a

5a5b 9a

11a

12b12a


Chapter 1 Section B



N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

X

YZY

O

O

YZY

O

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

Cl

HX

H

H


toluene

+H

H

Scheme-2a

2

3

4

5

6

Et3N Basecat

1

7


NN O

Me

PhN

NO

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe CHO

XN

N O

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NH

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NN

O

MePh

+

+8

9

3

10Scheme-2b




Chapter 1 Section C



NH

R

NH

NH

NH

R

NH

NH2OH

NH

NH2

+NO2 NO2MW

1a-b 2a-e 3a-h

R2R1

Scheme 4

+ MW

5a-f

NO2

4

NO2

R1

2a-f

R2

R2

R2R1

R1

Tryptamine

Serotonin

N

N

O

O NH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O

COOH

N O

N

N

O

O OH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O O

COOH

O

N

N

N

N

O

O NH2

NO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O N

N COOH

O

N

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

2

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

H

H

H

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

Scheme 3

H

H

1a-c

4a-c

6a-c

3a-c

5a-c

7a-c



Pteridines



Chapter 2 Section B








compound

N O

HR N

O

O N

R

RO

NH O

N

O

N

R

R

O

N

R

N

+ +

R1

R1

1a-b 2a-g

4a-p

R1

R2

R1

5a-p

H 2

2

H H

+

Scheme 5

3a-b

3

3

3

3

NH

NH

NH

R

+

Scheme 6

RCHO

Methanolrt stir

1 2

waterrt stir

3



Chapter 3 Section B






NH N

HNH

R

R

+ R1CHO

1

1

Scheme 8

1 23

I2

CH3CN

NH

N

N

O

O

O NH

N

N

O

O

O

NH N

HNH N

N

O

O

O

R

R R

R

+ R CHO +

Me

MeR

scheme 7

4

4 +

R

6

R3

+

5

3

1

1

1

2

2

2

1 2 3

C2H5OH-H2O

Me

Me

Me

Me

3



Chapter 4 Section B



NH

R

RNH

NH

RNH

About the Author



------------------



en

P

---------------- ---------------------------





ips are also

found at


NH

Scheme 101a-j

CH3CN

2a-j

I2+

3















-----------------------------










JOB ADVERTISEMENT











































Rank

Institution

Country

Peer review score


Staffstudent score




Overall score

I

II

III


















7 New activity

























----------------

SCIENCE NEWS





















s

Indiarsquos


origin (S



lunar-orbiting



After Chandrayaan-I
















































----------------------------------------

Do you know









--------------------------------

















-- -

u

Burman-speaking

(Source http






--------------------



Tibeto-Burman pop


---------------------




AWARDS FELLOWSHIP












-- Betty Bender


RECEIVED BY MEMBERS


Lucknow India


Ontario Canada







2009


crystallography


---------------

shouldnt have

-------------





microorganism



Seco


Need











What are endophytes




















Fig 1 Gary

























Conclusion





































Mycobacterium sp

Wheat scots pine






Curtobacterium sp


Micrococcus luteus


Curtobacterium sp




Micrococcus luteus







Ficus benjamina



Ricinus communis

Kim et al 2006



Streptomyces albus


Corynebacterium spp


Carrim et al 2006


Carrim et al 2006


Lin et al 2005

Streptomyces sp R5





of action Reference












M tuberculosis)

--- Zhao et al 2005








(and antibacterial)





2007


Ficus benjaminica


Anticancer (and


et al 2008)









435

Huang et al 2006




2007











2003





Maytenus hookeri













ARTICLE




















Score on

alumni

Score on

award

Score on

HiCi

Score on

NampS

Score on

PUB

Score on

PCP

Total score

1 Harvard Univ US 1 100 100 100 100 100 741 100

2 Stanford Univ US 2 40 787 866 689 716 669 737


US 3 69 771 688 706 70 53 714

4 Univ Cambridge

UK 1 903 915 536 56 641 65 704


US 4 71 806 656 687 616 539 696


US 5 528 691 574 661 497 100 654

7 Columbia Univ

US 6 724 657 565 523 705 466 625

8 Princeton Univ

US 7 593 804 619 405 448 593 589

9 Univ Chicago US 8 674 819 505 395 519 413 571

10 Univ Oxford UK 2 59 579 484 52 66 457 568

11 Yale Univ US 9 485 436 57 557 624 487 549

12 Cornell Univ US 10 415 513 541 523 647 404 541

13 Univ California-

Los Angeles

US 11 244 428 574 489 757 36 524


US 12 158 34 597 53 667 474 503


US 13 317 344 583 413 69 392 490

16 Univ Washington-

Seattle

US 14 257 318 531 495 741 28 483


US 15 384 355 526 412 681 288 474

18 Univ California-

San Francisco

US 16 0 368 541 515 608 475 466

19 Tokyo Univ Japan 1 322 141 431 519 833 35 464


US 17 458 278 431 487 685 248 455

303-401

IISc-Bangalore

India 1-2 0 0 126 82 33 167

303-401

IIT-Kharagpur

India 1-2 0 0 103 48 288 143
















Staffstudent score




Overall score



4 Univ Oxford UK 100 100 100 85 96 96 989



UK 99 100 100 83 98 100 984


8 Univ Chicago US 100 99 98 91 78 83 980


10 Columbia Univ US 100 99 98 94 29 89 963



13 Duke Univ US 97 98 100 94 30 66 944


15 Cornell Univ US 100 99 90 96 28 76 943


17 Stanford Univ US 100 100 67 100 26 87 912

18 Univ Michigan US 99 99 85 84 59 51 910












About the author



---------------------------------------------





--------




---------------









































Gen Spp India

Gen Spp World


25 129 25 114 45 550














-----------------------------



--------------




































About the author


FICTION






















About the author



-----------------------------


----------------------------




-----------------


- Paul Dirac





POEM




--------------------------

Do you know










---------------------------------






---------------------








N

Me

N

Me

N X

O

YO zMe

X

Y

ON

O

H

H

zMe

ON

N

NH

H

MeMe

N

N

O

N

Me Me

NN

O

Me

XOY

O

z


CHO

H

Scheme 1

Ph

Ph

Ph

1

23aX=Z=O Y=CMe2


4a-d

5a-d

6

7

8

5c

67 8

9

121

2

3

4

5

1011

4a

5a5b 9a

11a

12b12a


Chapter 1 Section B



N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

X

YZY

O

O

YZY

O

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

Cl

HX

H

H


toluene

+H

H

Scheme-2a

2

3

4

5

6

Et3N Basecat

1

7


NN O

Me

PhN

NO

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe CHO

XN

N O

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NH

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NN

O

MePh

+

+8

9

3

10Scheme-2b




Chapter 1 Section C



NH

R

NH

NH

NH

R

NH

NH2OH

NH

NH2

+NO2 NO2MW

1a-b 2a-e 3a-h

R2R1

Scheme 4

+ MW

5a-f

NO2

4

NO2

R1

2a-f

R2

R2

R2R1

R1

Tryptamine

Serotonin

N

N

O

O NH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O

COOH

N O

N

N

O

O OH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O O

COOH

O

N

N

N

N

O

O NH2

NO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O N

N COOH

O

N

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

2

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

H

H

H

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

Scheme 3

H

H

1a-c

4a-c

6a-c

3a-c

5a-c

7a-c



Pteridines



Chapter 2 Section B








compound

N O

HR N

O

O N

R

RO

NH O

N

O

N

R

R

O

N

R

N

+ +

R1

R1

1a-b 2a-g

4a-p

R1

R2

R1

5a-p

H 2

2

H H

+

Scheme 5

3a-b

3

3

3

3

NH

NH

NH

R

+

Scheme 6

RCHO

Methanolrt stir

1 2

waterrt stir

3



Chapter 3 Section B






NH N

HNH

R

R

+ R1CHO

1

1

Scheme 8

1 23

I2

CH3CN

NH

N

N

O

O

O NH

N

N

O

O

O

NH N

HNH N

N

O

O

O

R

R R

R

+ R CHO +

Me

MeR

scheme 7

4

4 +

R

6

R3

+

5

3

1

1

1

2

2

2

1 2 3

C2H5OH-H2O

Me

Me

Me

Me

3



Chapter 4 Section B



NH

R

RNH

NH

RNH

About the Author



------------------



en

P

---------------- ---------------------------





ips are also

found at


NH

Scheme 101a-j

CH3CN

2a-j

I2+

3















-----------------------------










JOB ADVERTISEMENT











































Rank

Institution

Country

Peer review score


Staffstudent score




Overall score

I

II

III















----------------

SCIENCE NEWS





















s

Indiarsquos


origin (S



lunar-orbiting



After Chandrayaan-I
















































----------------------------------------

Do you know









--------------------------------

















-- -

u

Burman-speaking

(Source http






--------------------



Tibeto-Burman pop


---------------------




AWARDS FELLOWSHIP












-- Betty Bender


RECEIVED BY MEMBERS


Lucknow India


Ontario Canada







2009


crystallography


---------------

shouldnt have

-------------





microorganism



Seco


Need











What are endophytes




















Fig 1 Gary

























Conclusion





































Mycobacterium sp

Wheat scots pine






Curtobacterium sp


Micrococcus luteus


Curtobacterium sp




Micrococcus luteus







Ficus benjamina



Ricinus communis

Kim et al 2006



Streptomyces albus


Corynebacterium spp


Carrim et al 2006


Carrim et al 2006


Lin et al 2005

Streptomyces sp R5





of action Reference












M tuberculosis)

--- Zhao et al 2005








(and antibacterial)





2007


Ficus benjaminica


Anticancer (and


et al 2008)









435

Huang et al 2006




2007











2003





Maytenus hookeri













ARTICLE




















Score on

alumni

Score on

award

Score on

HiCi

Score on

NampS

Score on

PUB

Score on

PCP

Total score

1 Harvard Univ US 1 100 100 100 100 100 741 100

2 Stanford Univ US 2 40 787 866 689 716 669 737


US 3 69 771 688 706 70 53 714

4 Univ Cambridge

UK 1 903 915 536 56 641 65 704


US 4 71 806 656 687 616 539 696


US 5 528 691 574 661 497 100 654

7 Columbia Univ

US 6 724 657 565 523 705 466 625

8 Princeton Univ

US 7 593 804 619 405 448 593 589

9 Univ Chicago US 8 674 819 505 395 519 413 571

10 Univ Oxford UK 2 59 579 484 52 66 457 568

11 Yale Univ US 9 485 436 57 557 624 487 549

12 Cornell Univ US 10 415 513 541 523 647 404 541

13 Univ California-

Los Angeles

US 11 244 428 574 489 757 36 524


US 12 158 34 597 53 667 474 503


US 13 317 344 583 413 69 392 490

16 Univ Washington-

Seattle

US 14 257 318 531 495 741 28 483


US 15 384 355 526 412 681 288 474

18 Univ California-

San Francisco

US 16 0 368 541 515 608 475 466

19 Tokyo Univ Japan 1 322 141 431 519 833 35 464


US 17 458 278 431 487 685 248 455

303-401

IISc-Bangalore

India 1-2 0 0 126 82 33 167

303-401

IIT-Kharagpur

India 1-2 0 0 103 48 288 143
















Staffstudent score




Overall score



4 Univ Oxford UK 100 100 100 85 96 96 989



UK 99 100 100 83 98 100 984


8 Univ Chicago US 100 99 98 91 78 83 980


10 Columbia Univ US 100 99 98 94 29 89 963



13 Duke Univ US 97 98 100 94 30 66 944


15 Cornell Univ US 100 99 90 96 28 76 943


17 Stanford Univ US 100 100 67 100 26 87 912

18 Univ Michigan US 99 99 85 84 59 51 910












About the author



---------------------------------------------





--------




---------------









































Gen Spp India

Gen Spp World


25 129 25 114 45 550














-----------------------------



--------------




































About the author


FICTION






















About the author



-----------------------------


----------------------------




-----------------


- Paul Dirac





POEM




--------------------------

Do you know










---------------------------------






---------------------








N

Me

N

Me

N X

O

YO zMe

X

Y

ON

O

H

H

zMe

ON

N

NH

H

MeMe

N

N

O

N

Me Me

NN

O

Me

XOY

O

z


CHO

H

Scheme 1

Ph

Ph

Ph

1

23aX=Z=O Y=CMe2


4a-d

5a-d

6

7

8

5c

67 8

9

121

2

3

4

5

1011

4a

5a5b 9a

11a

12b12a


Chapter 1 Section B



N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

X

YZY

O

O

YZY

O

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

Cl

HX

H

H


toluene

+H

H

Scheme-2a

2

3

4

5

6

Et3N Basecat

1

7


NN O

Me

PhN

NO

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe CHO

XN

N O

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NH

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NN

O

MePh

+

+8

9

3

10Scheme-2b




Chapter 1 Section C



NH

R

NH

NH

NH

R

NH

NH2OH

NH

NH2

+NO2 NO2MW

1a-b 2a-e 3a-h

R2R1

Scheme 4

+ MW

5a-f

NO2

4

NO2

R1

2a-f

R2

R2

R2R1

R1

Tryptamine

Serotonin

N

N

O

O NH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O

COOH

N O

N

N

O

O OH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O O

COOH

O

N

N

N

N

O

O NH2

NO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O N

N COOH

O

N

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

2

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

H

H

H

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

Scheme 3

H

H

1a-c

4a-c

6a-c

3a-c

5a-c

7a-c



Pteridines



Chapter 2 Section B








compound

N O

HR N

O

O N

R

RO

NH O

N

O

N

R

R

O

N

R

N

+ +

R1

R1

1a-b 2a-g

4a-p

R1

R2

R1

5a-p

H 2

2

H H

+

Scheme 5

3a-b

3

3

3

3

NH

NH

NH

R

+

Scheme 6

RCHO

Methanolrt stir

1 2

waterrt stir

3



Chapter 3 Section B






NH N

HNH

R

R

+ R1CHO

1

1

Scheme 8

1 23

I2

CH3CN

NH

N

N

O

O

O NH

N

N

O

O

O

NH N

HNH N

N

O

O

O

R

R R

R

+ R CHO +

Me

MeR

scheme 7

4

4 +

R

6

R3

+

5

3

1

1

1

2

2

2

1 2 3

C2H5OH-H2O

Me

Me

Me

Me

3



Chapter 4 Section B



NH

R

RNH

NH

RNH

About the Author



------------------



en

P

---------------- ---------------------------





ips are also

found at


NH

Scheme 101a-j

CH3CN

2a-j

I2+

3















-----------------------------










JOB ADVERTISEMENT











































Rank

Institution

Country

Peer review score


Staffstudent score




Overall score

I

II

III






















s

Indiarsquos


origin (S



lunar-orbiting



After Chandrayaan-I
















































----------------------------------------

Do you know









--------------------------------

















-- -

u

Burman-speaking

(Source http






--------------------



Tibeto-Burman pop


---------------------




AWARDS FELLOWSHIP












-- Betty Bender


RECEIVED BY MEMBERS


Lucknow India


Ontario Canada







2009


crystallography


---------------

shouldnt have

-------------





microorganism



Seco


Need











What are endophytes




















Fig 1 Gary

























Conclusion





































Mycobacterium sp

Wheat scots pine






Curtobacterium sp


Micrococcus luteus


Curtobacterium sp




Micrococcus luteus







Ficus benjamina



Ricinus communis

Kim et al 2006



Streptomyces albus


Corynebacterium spp


Carrim et al 2006


Carrim et al 2006


Lin et al 2005

Streptomyces sp R5





of action Reference












M tuberculosis)

--- Zhao et al 2005








(and antibacterial)





2007


Ficus benjaminica


Anticancer (and


et al 2008)









435

Huang et al 2006




2007











2003





Maytenus hookeri













ARTICLE




















Score on

alumni

Score on

award

Score on

HiCi

Score on

NampS

Score on

PUB

Score on

PCP

Total score

1 Harvard Univ US 1 100 100 100 100 100 741 100

2 Stanford Univ US 2 40 787 866 689 716 669 737


US 3 69 771 688 706 70 53 714

4 Univ Cambridge

UK 1 903 915 536 56 641 65 704


US 4 71 806 656 687 616 539 696


US 5 528 691 574 661 497 100 654

7 Columbia Univ

US 6 724 657 565 523 705 466 625

8 Princeton Univ

US 7 593 804 619 405 448 593 589

9 Univ Chicago US 8 674 819 505 395 519 413 571

10 Univ Oxford UK 2 59 579 484 52 66 457 568

11 Yale Univ US 9 485 436 57 557 624 487 549

12 Cornell Univ US 10 415 513 541 523 647 404 541

13 Univ California-

Los Angeles

US 11 244 428 574 489 757 36 524


US 12 158 34 597 53 667 474 503


US 13 317 344 583 413 69 392 490

16 Univ Washington-

Seattle

US 14 257 318 531 495 741 28 483


US 15 384 355 526 412 681 288 474

18 Univ California-

San Francisco

US 16 0 368 541 515 608 475 466

19 Tokyo Univ Japan 1 322 141 431 519 833 35 464


US 17 458 278 431 487 685 248 455

303-401

IISc-Bangalore

India 1-2 0 0 126 82 33 167

303-401

IIT-Kharagpur

India 1-2 0 0 103 48 288 143
















Staffstudent score




Overall score



4 Univ Oxford UK 100 100 100 85 96 96 989



UK 99 100 100 83 98 100 984


8 Univ Chicago US 100 99 98 91 78 83 980


10 Columbia Univ US 100 99 98 94 29 89 963



13 Duke Univ US 97 98 100 94 30 66 944


15 Cornell Univ US 100 99 90 96 28 76 943


17 Stanford Univ US 100 100 67 100 26 87 912

18 Univ Michigan US 99 99 85 84 59 51 910












About the author



---------------------------------------------





--------




---------------









































Gen Spp India

Gen Spp World


25 129 25 114 45 550














-----------------------------



--------------




































About the author


FICTION






















About the author



-----------------------------


----------------------------




-----------------


- Paul Dirac





POEM




--------------------------

Do you know










---------------------------------






---------------------








N

Me

N

Me

N X

O

YO zMe

X

Y

ON

O

H

H

zMe

ON

N

NH

H

MeMe

N

N

O

N

Me Me

NN

O

Me

XOY

O

z


CHO

H

Scheme 1

Ph

Ph

Ph

1

23aX=Z=O Y=CMe2


4a-d

5a-d

6

7

8

5c

67 8

9

121

2

3

4

5

1011

4a

5a5b 9a

11a

12b12a


Chapter 1 Section B



N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

X

YZY

O

O

YZY

O

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

Cl

HX

H

H


toluene

+H

H

Scheme-2a

2

3

4

5

6

Et3N Basecat

1

7


NN O

Me

PhN

NO

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe CHO

XN

N O

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NH

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NN

O

MePh

+

+8

9

3

10Scheme-2b




Chapter 1 Section C



NH

R

NH

NH

NH

R

NH

NH2OH

NH

NH2

+NO2 NO2MW

1a-b 2a-e 3a-h

R2R1

Scheme 4

+ MW

5a-f

NO2

4

NO2

R1

2a-f

R2

R2

R2R1

R1

Tryptamine

Serotonin

N

N

O

O NH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O

COOH

N O

N

N

O

O OH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O O

COOH

O

N

N

N

N

O

O NH2

NO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O N

N COOH

O

N

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

2

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

H

H

H

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

Scheme 3

H

H

1a-c

4a-c

6a-c

3a-c

5a-c

7a-c



Pteridines



Chapter 2 Section B








compound

N O

HR N

O

O N

R

RO

NH O

N

O

N

R

R

O

N

R

N

+ +

R1

R1

1a-b 2a-g

4a-p

R1

R2

R1

5a-p

H 2

2

H H

+

Scheme 5

3a-b

3

3

3

3

NH

NH

NH

R

+

Scheme 6

RCHO

Methanolrt stir

1 2

waterrt stir

3



Chapter 3 Section B






NH N

HNH

R

R

+ R1CHO

1

1

Scheme 8

1 23

I2

CH3CN

NH

N

N

O

O

O NH

N

N

O

O

O

NH N

HNH N

N

O

O

O

R

R R

R

+ R CHO +

Me

MeR

scheme 7

4

4 +

R

6

R3

+

5

3

1

1

1

2

2

2

1 2 3

C2H5OH-H2O

Me

Me

Me

Me

3



Chapter 4 Section B



NH

R

RNH

NH

RNH

About the Author



------------------



en

P

---------------- ---------------------------





ips are also

found at


NH

Scheme 101a-j

CH3CN

2a-j

I2+

3















-----------------------------










JOB ADVERTISEMENT











































Rank

Institution

Country

Peer review score


Staffstudent score




Overall score

I

II

III






















































----------------------------------------

Do you know









--------------------------------

















-- -

u

Burman-speaking

(Source http






--------------------



Tibeto-Burman pop


---------------------




AWARDS FELLOWSHIP












-- Betty Bender


RECEIVED BY MEMBERS


Lucknow India


Ontario Canada







2009


crystallography


---------------

shouldnt have

-------------





microorganism



Seco


Need











What are endophytes




















Fig 1 Gary

























Conclusion





































Mycobacterium sp

Wheat scots pine






Curtobacterium sp


Micrococcus luteus


Curtobacterium sp




Micrococcus luteus







Ficus benjamina



Ricinus communis

Kim et al 2006



Streptomyces albus


Corynebacterium spp


Carrim et al 2006


Carrim et al 2006


Lin et al 2005

Streptomyces sp R5





of action Reference












M tuberculosis)

--- Zhao et al 2005








(and antibacterial)





2007


Ficus benjaminica


Anticancer (and


et al 2008)









435

Huang et al 2006




2007











2003





Maytenus hookeri













ARTICLE




















Score on

alumni

Score on

award

Score on

HiCi

Score on

NampS

Score on

PUB

Score on

PCP

Total score

1 Harvard Univ US 1 100 100 100 100 100 741 100

2 Stanford Univ US 2 40 787 866 689 716 669 737


US 3 69 771 688 706 70 53 714

4 Univ Cambridge

UK 1 903 915 536 56 641 65 704


US 4 71 806 656 687 616 539 696


US 5 528 691 574 661 497 100 654

7 Columbia Univ

US 6 724 657 565 523 705 466 625

8 Princeton Univ

US 7 593 804 619 405 448 593 589

9 Univ Chicago US 8 674 819 505 395 519 413 571

10 Univ Oxford UK 2 59 579 484 52 66 457 568

11 Yale Univ US 9 485 436 57 557 624 487 549

12 Cornell Univ US 10 415 513 541 523 647 404 541

13 Univ California-

Los Angeles

US 11 244 428 574 489 757 36 524


US 12 158 34 597 53 667 474 503


US 13 317 344 583 413 69 392 490

16 Univ Washington-

Seattle

US 14 257 318 531 495 741 28 483


US 15 384 355 526 412 681 288 474

18 Univ California-

San Francisco

US 16 0 368 541 515 608 475 466

19 Tokyo Univ Japan 1 322 141 431 519 833 35 464


US 17 458 278 431 487 685 248 455

303-401

IISc-Bangalore

India 1-2 0 0 126 82 33 167

303-401

IIT-Kharagpur

India 1-2 0 0 103 48 288 143
















Staffstudent score




Overall score



4 Univ Oxford UK 100 100 100 85 96 96 989



UK 99 100 100 83 98 100 984


8 Univ Chicago US 100 99 98 91 78 83 980


10 Columbia Univ US 100 99 98 94 29 89 963



13 Duke Univ US 97 98 100 94 30 66 944


15 Cornell Univ US 100 99 90 96 28 76 943


17 Stanford Univ US 100 100 67 100 26 87 912

18 Univ Michigan US 99 99 85 84 59 51 910












About the author



---------------------------------------------





--------




---------------









































Gen Spp India

Gen Spp World


25 129 25 114 45 550














-----------------------------



--------------




































About the author


FICTION






















About the author



-----------------------------


----------------------------




-----------------


- Paul Dirac





POEM




--------------------------

Do you know










---------------------------------






---------------------








N

Me

N

Me

N X

O

YO zMe

X

Y

ON

O

H

H

zMe

ON

N

NH

H

MeMe

N

N

O

N

Me Me

NN

O

Me

XOY

O

z


CHO

H

Scheme 1

Ph

Ph

Ph

1

23aX=Z=O Y=CMe2


4a-d

5a-d

6

7

8

5c

67 8

9

121

2

3

4

5

1011

4a

5a5b 9a

11a

12b12a


Chapter 1 Section B



N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

X

YZY

O

O

YZY

O

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

Cl

HX

H

H


toluene

+H

H

Scheme-2a

2

3

4

5

6

Et3N Basecat

1

7


NN O

Me

PhN

NO

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe CHO

XN

N O

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NH

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NN

O

MePh

+

+8

9

3

10Scheme-2b




Chapter 1 Section C



NH

R

NH

NH

NH

R

NH

NH2OH

NH

NH2

+NO2 NO2MW

1a-b 2a-e 3a-h

R2R1

Scheme 4

+ MW

5a-f

NO2

4

NO2

R1

2a-f

R2

R2

R2R1

R1

Tryptamine

Serotonin

N

N

O

O NH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O

COOH

N O

N

N

O

O OH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O O

COOH

O

N

N

N

N

O

O NH2

NO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O N

N COOH

O

N

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

2

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

H

H

H

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

Scheme 3

H

H

1a-c

4a-c

6a-c

3a-c

5a-c

7a-c



Pteridines



Chapter 2 Section B








compound

N O

HR N

O

O N

R

RO

NH O

N

O

N

R

R

O

N

R

N

+ +

R1

R1

1a-b 2a-g

4a-p

R1

R2

R1

5a-p

H 2

2

H H

+

Scheme 5

3a-b

3

3

3

3

NH

NH

NH

R

+

Scheme 6

RCHO

Methanolrt stir

1 2

waterrt stir

3



Chapter 3 Section B






NH N

HNH

R

R

+ R1CHO

1

1

Scheme 8

1 23

I2

CH3CN

NH

N

N

O

O

O NH

N

N

O

O

O

NH N

HNH N

N

O

O

O

R

R R

R

+ R CHO +

Me

MeR

scheme 7

4

4 +

R

6

R3

+

5

3

1

1

1

2

2

2

1 2 3

C2H5OH-H2O

Me

Me

Me

Me

3



Chapter 4 Section B



NH

R

RNH

NH

RNH

About the Author



------------------



en

P

---------------- ---------------------------





ips are also

found at


NH

Scheme 101a-j

CH3CN

2a-j

I2+

3















-----------------------------










JOB ADVERTISEMENT











































Rank

Institution

Country

Peer review score


Staffstudent score




Overall score

I

II

III















-- -

u

Burman-speaking

(Source http






--------------------



Tibeto-Burman pop


---------------------




AWARDS FELLOWSHIP












-- Betty Bender


RECEIVED BY MEMBERS


Lucknow India


Ontario Canada







2009


crystallography


---------------

shouldnt have

-------------





microorganism



Seco


Need











What are endophytes




















Fig 1 Gary

























Conclusion





































Mycobacterium sp

Wheat scots pine






Curtobacterium sp


Micrococcus luteus


Curtobacterium sp




Micrococcus luteus







Ficus benjamina



Ricinus communis

Kim et al 2006



Streptomyces albus


Corynebacterium spp


Carrim et al 2006


Carrim et al 2006


Lin et al 2005

Streptomyces sp R5





of action Reference












M tuberculosis)

--- Zhao et al 2005








(and antibacterial)





2007


Ficus benjaminica


Anticancer (and


et al 2008)









435

Huang et al 2006




2007











2003





Maytenus hookeri













ARTICLE




















Score on

alumni

Score on

award

Score on

HiCi

Score on

NampS

Score on

PUB

Score on

PCP

Total score

1 Harvard Univ US 1 100 100 100 100 100 741 100

2 Stanford Univ US 2 40 787 866 689 716 669 737


US 3 69 771 688 706 70 53 714

4 Univ Cambridge

UK 1 903 915 536 56 641 65 704


US 4 71 806 656 687 616 539 696


US 5 528 691 574 661 497 100 654

7 Columbia Univ

US 6 724 657 565 523 705 466 625

8 Princeton Univ

US 7 593 804 619 405 448 593 589

9 Univ Chicago US 8 674 819 505 395 519 413 571

10 Univ Oxford UK 2 59 579 484 52 66 457 568

11 Yale Univ US 9 485 436 57 557 624 487 549

12 Cornell Univ US 10 415 513 541 523 647 404 541

13 Univ California-

Los Angeles

US 11 244 428 574 489 757 36 524


US 12 158 34 597 53 667 474 503


US 13 317 344 583 413 69 392 490

16 Univ Washington-

Seattle

US 14 257 318 531 495 741 28 483


US 15 384 355 526 412 681 288 474

18 Univ California-

San Francisco

US 16 0 368 541 515 608 475 466

19 Tokyo Univ Japan 1 322 141 431 519 833 35 464


US 17 458 278 431 487 685 248 455

303-401

IISc-Bangalore

India 1-2 0 0 126 82 33 167

303-401

IIT-Kharagpur

India 1-2 0 0 103 48 288 143
















Staffstudent score




Overall score



4 Univ Oxford UK 100 100 100 85 96 96 989



UK 99 100 100 83 98 100 984


8 Univ Chicago US 100 99 98 91 78 83 980


10 Columbia Univ US 100 99 98 94 29 89 963



13 Duke Univ US 97 98 100 94 30 66 944


15 Cornell Univ US 100 99 90 96 28 76 943


17 Stanford Univ US 100 100 67 100 26 87 912

18 Univ Michigan US 99 99 85 84 59 51 910












About the author



---------------------------------------------





--------




---------------









































Gen Spp India

Gen Spp World


25 129 25 114 45 550














-----------------------------



--------------




































About the author


FICTION






















About the author



-----------------------------


----------------------------




-----------------


- Paul Dirac





POEM




--------------------------

Do you know










---------------------------------






---------------------








N

Me

N

Me

N X

O

YO zMe

X

Y

ON

O

H

H

zMe

ON

N

NH

H

MeMe

N

N

O

N

Me Me

NN

O

Me

XOY

O

z


CHO

H

Scheme 1

Ph

Ph

Ph

1

23aX=Z=O Y=CMe2


4a-d

5a-d

6

7

8

5c

67 8

9

121

2

3

4

5

1011

4a

5a5b 9a

11a

12b12a


Chapter 1 Section B



N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

X

YZY

O

O

YZY

O

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

Cl

HX

H

H


toluene

+H

H

Scheme-2a

2

3

4

5

6

Et3N Basecat

1

7


NN O

Me

PhN

NO

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe CHO

XN

N O

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NH

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NN

O

MePh

+

+8

9

3

10Scheme-2b




Chapter 1 Section C



NH

R

NH

NH

NH

R

NH

NH2OH

NH

NH2

+NO2 NO2MW

1a-b 2a-e 3a-h

R2R1

Scheme 4

+ MW

5a-f

NO2

4

NO2

R1

2a-f

R2

R2

R2R1

R1

Tryptamine

Serotonin

N

N

O

O NH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O

COOH

N O

N

N

O

O OH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O O

COOH

O

N

N

N

N

O

O NH2

NO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O N

N COOH

O

N

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

2

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

H

H

H

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

Scheme 3

H

H

1a-c

4a-c

6a-c

3a-c

5a-c

7a-c



Pteridines



Chapter 2 Section B








compound

N O

HR N

O

O N

R

RO

NH O

N

O

N

R

R

O

N

R

N

+ +

R1

R1

1a-b 2a-g

4a-p

R1

R2

R1

5a-p

H 2

2

H H

+

Scheme 5

3a-b

3

3

3

3

NH

NH

NH

R

+

Scheme 6

RCHO

Methanolrt stir

1 2

waterrt stir

3



Chapter 3 Section B






NH N

HNH

R

R

+ R1CHO

1

1

Scheme 8

1 23

I2

CH3CN

NH

N

N

O

O

O NH

N

N

O

O

O

NH N

HNH N

N

O

O

O

R

R R

R

+ R CHO +

Me

MeR

scheme 7

4

4 +

R

6

R3

+

5

3

1

1

1

2

2

2

1 2 3

C2H5OH-H2O

Me

Me

Me

Me

3



Chapter 4 Section B



NH

R

RNH

NH

RNH

About the Author



------------------



en

P

---------------- ---------------------------





ips are also

found at


NH

Scheme 101a-j

CH3CN

2a-j

I2+

3















-----------------------------










JOB ADVERTISEMENT











































Rank

Institution

Country

Peer review score


Staffstudent score




Overall score

I

II

III











AWARDS FELLOWSHIP












-- Betty Bender


RECEIVED BY MEMBERS


Lucknow India


Ontario Canada







2009


crystallography


---------------

shouldnt have

-------------





microorganism



Seco


Need











What are endophytes




















Fig 1 Gary

























Conclusion





































Mycobacterium sp

Wheat scots pine






Curtobacterium sp


Micrococcus luteus


Curtobacterium sp




Micrococcus luteus







Ficus benjamina



Ricinus communis

Kim et al 2006



Streptomyces albus


Corynebacterium spp


Carrim et al 2006


Carrim et al 2006


Lin et al 2005

Streptomyces sp R5





of action Reference












M tuberculosis)

--- Zhao et al 2005








(and antibacterial)





2007


Ficus benjaminica


Anticancer (and


et al 2008)









435

Huang et al 2006




2007











2003





Maytenus hookeri













ARTICLE




















Score on

alumni

Score on

award

Score on

HiCi

Score on

NampS

Score on

PUB

Score on

PCP

Total score

1 Harvard Univ US 1 100 100 100 100 100 741 100

2 Stanford Univ US 2 40 787 866 689 716 669 737


US 3 69 771 688 706 70 53 714

4 Univ Cambridge

UK 1 903 915 536 56 641 65 704


US 4 71 806 656 687 616 539 696


US 5 528 691 574 661 497 100 654

7 Columbia Univ

US 6 724 657 565 523 705 466 625

8 Princeton Univ

US 7 593 804 619 405 448 593 589

9 Univ Chicago US 8 674 819 505 395 519 413 571

10 Univ Oxford UK 2 59 579 484 52 66 457 568

11 Yale Univ US 9 485 436 57 557 624 487 549

12 Cornell Univ US 10 415 513 541 523 647 404 541

13 Univ California-

Los Angeles

US 11 244 428 574 489 757 36 524


US 12 158 34 597 53 667 474 503


US 13 317 344 583 413 69 392 490

16 Univ Washington-

Seattle

US 14 257 318 531 495 741 28 483


US 15 384 355 526 412 681 288 474

18 Univ California-

San Francisco

US 16 0 368 541 515 608 475 466

19 Tokyo Univ Japan 1 322 141 431 519 833 35 464


US 17 458 278 431 487 685 248 455

303-401

IISc-Bangalore

India 1-2 0 0 126 82 33 167

303-401

IIT-Kharagpur

India 1-2 0 0 103 48 288 143
















Staffstudent score




Overall score



4 Univ Oxford UK 100 100 100 85 96 96 989



UK 99 100 100 83 98 100 984


8 Univ Chicago US 100 99 98 91 78 83 980


10 Columbia Univ US 100 99 98 94 29 89 963



13 Duke Univ US 97 98 100 94 30 66 944


15 Cornell Univ US 100 99 90 96 28 76 943


17 Stanford Univ US 100 100 67 100 26 87 912

18 Univ Michigan US 99 99 85 84 59 51 910












About the author



---------------------------------------------





--------




---------------









































Gen Spp India

Gen Spp World


25 129 25 114 45 550














-----------------------------



--------------




































About the author


FICTION






















About the author



-----------------------------


----------------------------




-----------------


- Paul Dirac





POEM




--------------------------

Do you know










---------------------------------






---------------------








N

Me

N

Me

N X

O

YO zMe

X

Y

ON

O

H

H

zMe

ON

N

NH

H

MeMe

N

N

O

N

Me Me

NN

O

Me

XOY

O

z


CHO

H

Scheme 1

Ph

Ph

Ph

1

23aX=Z=O Y=CMe2


4a-d

5a-d

6

7

8

5c

67 8

9

121

2

3

4

5

1011

4a

5a5b 9a

11a

12b12a


Chapter 1 Section B



N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

X

YZY

O

O

YZY

O

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

Cl

HX

H

H


toluene

+H

H

Scheme-2a

2

3

4

5

6

Et3N Basecat

1

7


NN O

Me

PhN

NO

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe CHO

XN

N O

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NH

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NN

O

MePh

+

+8

9

3

10Scheme-2b




Chapter 1 Section C



NH

R

NH

NH

NH

R

NH

NH2OH

NH

NH2

+NO2 NO2MW

1a-b 2a-e 3a-h

R2R1

Scheme 4

+ MW

5a-f

NO2

4

NO2

R1

2a-f

R2

R2

R2R1

R1

Tryptamine

Serotonin

N

N

O

O NH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O

COOH

N O

N

N

O

O OH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O O

COOH

O

N

N

N

N

O

O NH2

NO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O N

N COOH

O

N

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

2

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

H

H

H

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

Scheme 3

H

H

1a-c

4a-c

6a-c

3a-c

5a-c

7a-c



Pteridines



Chapter 2 Section B








compound

N O

HR N

O

O N

R

RO

NH O

N

O

N

R

R

O

N

R

N

+ +

R1

R1

1a-b 2a-g

4a-p

R1

R2

R1

5a-p

H 2

2

H H

+

Scheme 5

3a-b

3

3

3

3

NH

NH

NH

R

+

Scheme 6

RCHO

Methanolrt stir

1 2

waterrt stir

3



Chapter 3 Section B






NH N

HNH

R

R

+ R1CHO

1

1

Scheme 8

1 23

I2

CH3CN

NH

N

N

O

O

O NH

N

N

O

O

O

NH N

HNH N

N

O

O

O

R

R R

R

+ R CHO +

Me

MeR

scheme 7

4

4 +

R

6

R3

+

5

3

1

1

1

2

2

2

1 2 3

C2H5OH-H2O

Me

Me

Me

Me

3



Chapter 4 Section B



NH

R

RNH

NH

RNH

About the Author



------------------



en

P

---------------- ---------------------------





ips are also

found at


NH

Scheme 101a-j

CH3CN

2a-j

I2+

3















-----------------------------










JOB ADVERTISEMENT











































Rank

Institution

Country

Peer review score


Staffstudent score




Overall score

I

II

III












microorganism



Seco


Need











What are endophytes




















Fig 1 Gary

























Conclusion





































Mycobacterium sp

Wheat scots pine






Curtobacterium sp


Micrococcus luteus


Curtobacterium sp




Micrococcus luteus







Ficus benjamina



Ricinus communis

Kim et al 2006



Streptomyces albus


Corynebacterium spp


Carrim et al 2006


Carrim et al 2006


Lin et al 2005

Streptomyces sp R5





of action Reference












M tuberculosis)

--- Zhao et al 2005








(and antibacterial)





2007


Ficus benjaminica


Anticancer (and


et al 2008)









435

Huang et al 2006




2007











2003





Maytenus hookeri













ARTICLE




















Score on

alumni

Score on

award

Score on

HiCi

Score on

NampS

Score on

PUB

Score on

PCP

Total score

1 Harvard Univ US 1 100 100 100 100 100 741 100

2 Stanford Univ US 2 40 787 866 689 716 669 737


US 3 69 771 688 706 70 53 714

4 Univ Cambridge

UK 1 903 915 536 56 641 65 704


US 4 71 806 656 687 616 539 696


US 5 528 691 574 661 497 100 654

7 Columbia Univ

US 6 724 657 565 523 705 466 625

8 Princeton Univ

US 7 593 804 619 405 448 593 589

9 Univ Chicago US 8 674 819 505 395 519 413 571

10 Univ Oxford UK 2 59 579 484 52 66 457 568

11 Yale Univ US 9 485 436 57 557 624 487 549

12 Cornell Univ US 10 415 513 541 523 647 404 541

13 Univ California-

Los Angeles

US 11 244 428 574 489 757 36 524


US 12 158 34 597 53 667 474 503


US 13 317 344 583 413 69 392 490

16 Univ Washington-

Seattle

US 14 257 318 531 495 741 28 483


US 15 384 355 526 412 681 288 474

18 Univ California-

San Francisco

US 16 0 368 541 515 608 475 466

19 Tokyo Univ Japan 1 322 141 431 519 833 35 464


US 17 458 278 431 487 685 248 455

303-401

IISc-Bangalore

India 1-2 0 0 126 82 33 167

303-401

IIT-Kharagpur

India 1-2 0 0 103 48 288 143
















Staffstudent score




Overall score



4 Univ Oxford UK 100 100 100 85 96 96 989



UK 99 100 100 83 98 100 984


8 Univ Chicago US 100 99 98 91 78 83 980


10 Columbia Univ US 100 99 98 94 29 89 963



13 Duke Univ US 97 98 100 94 30 66 944


15 Cornell Univ US 100 99 90 96 28 76 943


17 Stanford Univ US 100 100 67 100 26 87 912

18 Univ Michigan US 99 99 85 84 59 51 910












About the author



---------------------------------------------





--------




---------------









































Gen Spp India

Gen Spp World


25 129 25 114 45 550














-----------------------------



--------------




































About the author


FICTION






















About the author



-----------------------------


----------------------------




-----------------


- Paul Dirac





POEM




--------------------------

Do you know










---------------------------------






---------------------








N

Me

N

Me

N X

O

YO zMe

X

Y

ON

O

H

H

zMe

ON

N

NH

H

MeMe

N

N

O

N

Me Me

NN

O

Me

XOY

O

z


CHO

H

Scheme 1

Ph

Ph

Ph

1

23aX=Z=O Y=CMe2


4a-d

5a-d

6

7

8

5c

67 8

9

121

2

3

4

5

1011

4a

5a5b 9a

11a

12b12a


Chapter 1 Section B



N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

X

YZY

O

O

YZY

O

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

Cl

HX

H

H


toluene

+H

H

Scheme-2a

2

3

4

5

6

Et3N Basecat

1

7


NN O

Me

PhN

NO

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe CHO

XN

N O

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NH

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NN

O

MePh

+

+8

9

3

10Scheme-2b




Chapter 1 Section C



NH

R

NH

NH

NH

R

NH

NH2OH

NH

NH2

+NO2 NO2MW

1a-b 2a-e 3a-h

R2R1

Scheme 4

+ MW

5a-f

NO2

4

NO2

R1

2a-f

R2

R2

R2R1

R1

Tryptamine

Serotonin

N

N

O

O NH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O

COOH

N O

N

N

O

O OH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O O

COOH

O

N

N

N

N

O

O NH2

NO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O N

N COOH

O

N

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

2

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

H

H

H

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

Scheme 3

H

H

1a-c

4a-c

6a-c

3a-c

5a-c

7a-c



Pteridines



Chapter 2 Section B








compound

N O

HR N

O

O N

R

RO

NH O

N

O

N

R

R

O

N

R

N

+ +

R1

R1

1a-b 2a-g

4a-p

R1

R2

R1

5a-p

H 2

2

H H

+

Scheme 5

3a-b

3

3

3

3

NH

NH

NH

R

+

Scheme 6

RCHO

Methanolrt stir

1 2

waterrt stir

3



Chapter 3 Section B






NH N

HNH

R

R

+ R1CHO

1

1

Scheme 8

1 23

I2

CH3CN

NH

N

N

O

O

O NH

N

N

O

O

O

NH N

HNH N

N

O

O

O

R

R R

R

+ R CHO +

Me

MeR

scheme 7

4

4 +

R

6

R3

+

5

3

1

1

1

2

2

2

1 2 3

C2H5OH-H2O

Me

Me

Me

Me

3



Chapter 4 Section B



NH

R

RNH

NH

RNH

About the Author



------------------



en

P

---------------- ---------------------------





ips are also

found at


NH

Scheme 101a-j

CH3CN

2a-j

I2+

3















-----------------------------










JOB ADVERTISEMENT











































Rank

Institution

Country

Peer review score


Staffstudent score




Overall score

I

II

III























Fig 1 Gary

























Conclusion





































Mycobacterium sp

Wheat scots pine






Curtobacterium sp


Micrococcus luteus


Curtobacterium sp




Micrococcus luteus







Ficus benjamina



Ricinus communis

Kim et al 2006



Streptomyces albus


Corynebacterium spp


Carrim et al 2006


Carrim et al 2006


Lin et al 2005

Streptomyces sp R5





of action Reference












M tuberculosis)

--- Zhao et al 2005








(and antibacterial)





2007


Ficus benjaminica


Anticancer (and


et al 2008)









435

Huang et al 2006




2007











2003





Maytenus hookeri













ARTICLE




















Score on

alumni

Score on

award

Score on

HiCi

Score on

NampS

Score on

PUB

Score on

PCP

Total score

1 Harvard Univ US 1 100 100 100 100 100 741 100

2 Stanford Univ US 2 40 787 866 689 716 669 737


US 3 69 771 688 706 70 53 714

4 Univ Cambridge

UK 1 903 915 536 56 641 65 704


US 4 71 806 656 687 616 539 696


US 5 528 691 574 661 497 100 654

7 Columbia Univ

US 6 724 657 565 523 705 466 625

8 Princeton Univ

US 7 593 804 619 405 448 593 589

9 Univ Chicago US 8 674 819 505 395 519 413 571

10 Univ Oxford UK 2 59 579 484 52 66 457 568

11 Yale Univ US 9 485 436 57 557 624 487 549

12 Cornell Univ US 10 415 513 541 523 647 404 541

13 Univ California-

Los Angeles

US 11 244 428 574 489 757 36 524


US 12 158 34 597 53 667 474 503


US 13 317 344 583 413 69 392 490

16 Univ Washington-

Seattle

US 14 257 318 531 495 741 28 483


US 15 384 355 526 412 681 288 474

18 Univ California-

San Francisco

US 16 0 368 541 515 608 475 466

19 Tokyo Univ Japan 1 322 141 431 519 833 35 464


US 17 458 278 431 487 685 248 455

303-401

IISc-Bangalore

India 1-2 0 0 126 82 33 167

303-401

IIT-Kharagpur

India 1-2 0 0 103 48 288 143
















Staffstudent score




Overall score



4 Univ Oxford UK 100 100 100 85 96 96 989



UK 99 100 100 83 98 100 984


8 Univ Chicago US 100 99 98 91 78 83 980


10 Columbia Univ US 100 99 98 94 29 89 963



13 Duke Univ US 97 98 100 94 30 66 944


15 Cornell Univ US 100 99 90 96 28 76 943


17 Stanford Univ US 100 100 67 100 26 87 912

18 Univ Michigan US 99 99 85 84 59 51 910












About the author



---------------------------------------------





--------




---------------









































Gen Spp India

Gen Spp World


25 129 25 114 45 550














-----------------------------



--------------




































About the author


FICTION






















About the author



-----------------------------


----------------------------




-----------------


- Paul Dirac





POEM




--------------------------

Do you know










---------------------------------






---------------------








N

Me

N

Me

N X

O

YO zMe

X

Y

ON

O

H

H

zMe

ON

N

NH

H

MeMe

N

N

O

N

Me Me

NN

O

Me

XOY

O

z


CHO

H

Scheme 1

Ph

Ph

Ph

1

23aX=Z=O Y=CMe2


4a-d

5a-d

6

7

8

5c

67 8

9

121

2

3

4

5

1011

4a

5a5b 9a

11a

12b12a


Chapter 1 Section B



N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

X

YZY

O

O

YZY

O

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

Cl

HX

H

H


toluene

+H

H

Scheme-2a

2

3

4

5

6

Et3N Basecat

1

7


NN O

Me

PhN

NO

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe CHO

XN

N O

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NH

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NN

O

MePh

+

+8

9

3

10Scheme-2b




Chapter 1 Section C



NH

R

NH

NH

NH

R

NH

NH2OH

NH

NH2

+NO2 NO2MW

1a-b 2a-e 3a-h

R2R1

Scheme 4

+ MW

5a-f

NO2

4

NO2

R1

2a-f

R2

R2

R2R1

R1

Tryptamine

Serotonin

N

N

O

O NH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O

COOH

N O

N

N

O

O OH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O O

COOH

O

N

N

N

N

O

O NH2

NO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O N

N COOH

O

N

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

2

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

H

H

H

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

Scheme 3

H

H

1a-c

4a-c

6a-c

3a-c

5a-c

7a-c



Pteridines



Chapter 2 Section B








compound

N O

HR N

O

O N

R

RO

NH O

N

O

N

R

R

O

N

R

N

+ +

R1

R1

1a-b 2a-g

4a-p

R1

R2

R1

5a-p

H 2

2

H H

+

Scheme 5

3a-b

3

3

3

3

NH

NH

NH

R

+

Scheme 6

RCHO

Methanolrt stir

1 2

waterrt stir

3



Chapter 3 Section B






NH N

HNH

R

R

+ R1CHO

1

1

Scheme 8

1 23

I2

CH3CN

NH

N

N

O

O

O NH

N

N

O

O

O

NH N

HNH N

N

O

O

O

R

R R

R

+ R CHO +

Me

MeR

scheme 7

4

4 +

R

6

R3

+

5

3

1

1

1

2

2

2

1 2 3

C2H5OH-H2O

Me

Me

Me

Me

3



Chapter 4 Section B



NH

R

RNH

NH

RNH

About the Author



------------------



en

P

---------------- ---------------------------





ips are also

found at


NH

Scheme 101a-j

CH3CN

2a-j

I2+

3















-----------------------------










JOB ADVERTISEMENT











































Rank

Institution

Country

Peer review score


Staffstudent score




Overall score

I

II

III




























Conclusion





































Mycobacterium sp

Wheat scots pine






Curtobacterium sp


Micrococcus luteus


Curtobacterium sp




Micrococcus luteus







Ficus benjamina



Ricinus communis

Kim et al 2006



Streptomyces albus


Corynebacterium spp


Carrim et al 2006


Carrim et al 2006


Lin et al 2005

Streptomyces sp R5





of action Reference












M tuberculosis)

--- Zhao et al 2005








(and antibacterial)





2007


Ficus benjaminica


Anticancer (and


et al 2008)









435

Huang et al 2006




2007











2003





Maytenus hookeri













ARTICLE




















Score on

alumni

Score on

award

Score on

HiCi

Score on

NampS

Score on

PUB

Score on

PCP

Total score

1 Harvard Univ US 1 100 100 100 100 100 741 100

2 Stanford Univ US 2 40 787 866 689 716 669 737


US 3 69 771 688 706 70 53 714

4 Univ Cambridge

UK 1 903 915 536 56 641 65 704


US 4 71 806 656 687 616 539 696


US 5 528 691 574 661 497 100 654

7 Columbia Univ

US 6 724 657 565 523 705 466 625

8 Princeton Univ

US 7 593 804 619 405 448 593 589

9 Univ Chicago US 8 674 819 505 395 519 413 571

10 Univ Oxford UK 2 59 579 484 52 66 457 568

11 Yale Univ US 9 485 436 57 557 624 487 549

12 Cornell Univ US 10 415 513 541 523 647 404 541

13 Univ California-

Los Angeles

US 11 244 428 574 489 757 36 524


US 12 158 34 597 53 667 474 503


US 13 317 344 583 413 69 392 490

16 Univ Washington-

Seattle

US 14 257 318 531 495 741 28 483


US 15 384 355 526 412 681 288 474

18 Univ California-

San Francisco

US 16 0 368 541 515 608 475 466

19 Tokyo Univ Japan 1 322 141 431 519 833 35 464


US 17 458 278 431 487 685 248 455

303-401

IISc-Bangalore

India 1-2 0 0 126 82 33 167

303-401

IIT-Kharagpur

India 1-2 0 0 103 48 288 143
















Staffstudent score




Overall score



4 Univ Oxford UK 100 100 100 85 96 96 989



UK 99 100 100 83 98 100 984


8 Univ Chicago US 100 99 98 91 78 83 980


10 Columbia Univ US 100 99 98 94 29 89 963



13 Duke Univ US 97 98 100 94 30 66 944


15 Cornell Univ US 100 99 90 96 28 76 943


17 Stanford Univ US 100 100 67 100 26 87 912

18 Univ Michigan US 99 99 85 84 59 51 910












About the author



---------------------------------------------





--------




---------------









































Gen Spp India

Gen Spp World


25 129 25 114 45 550














-----------------------------



--------------




































About the author


FICTION






















About the author



-----------------------------


----------------------------




-----------------


- Paul Dirac





POEM




--------------------------

Do you know










---------------------------------






---------------------








N

Me

N

Me

N X

O

YO zMe

X

Y

ON

O

H

H

zMe

ON

N

NH

H

MeMe

N

N

O

N

Me Me

NN

O

Me

XOY

O

z


CHO

H

Scheme 1

Ph

Ph

Ph

1

23aX=Z=O Y=CMe2


4a-d

5a-d

6

7

8

5c

67 8

9

121

2

3

4

5

1011

4a

5a5b 9a

11a

12b12a


Chapter 1 Section B



N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

X

YZY

O

O

YZY

O

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

Cl

HX

H

H


toluene

+H

H

Scheme-2a

2

3

4

5

6

Et3N Basecat

1

7


NN O

Me

PhN

NO

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe CHO

XN

N O

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NH

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NN

O

MePh

+

+8

9

3

10Scheme-2b




Chapter 1 Section C



NH

R

NH

NH

NH

R

NH

NH2OH

NH

NH2

+NO2 NO2MW

1a-b 2a-e 3a-h

R2R1

Scheme 4

+ MW

5a-f

NO2

4

NO2

R1

2a-f

R2

R2

R2R1

R1

Tryptamine

Serotonin

N

N

O

O NH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O

COOH

N O

N

N

O

O OH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O O

COOH

O

N

N

N

N

O

O NH2

NO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O N

N COOH

O

N

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

2

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

H

H

H

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

Scheme 3

H

H

1a-c

4a-c

6a-c

3a-c

5a-c

7a-c



Pteridines



Chapter 2 Section B








compound

N O

HR N

O

O N

R

RO

NH O

N

O

N

R

R

O

N

R

N

+ +

R1

R1

1a-b 2a-g

4a-p

R1

R2

R1

5a-p

H 2

2

H H

+

Scheme 5

3a-b

3

3

3

3

NH

NH

NH

R

+

Scheme 6

RCHO

Methanolrt stir

1 2

waterrt stir

3



Chapter 3 Section B






NH N

HNH

R

R

+ R1CHO

1

1

Scheme 8

1 23

I2

CH3CN

NH

N

N

O

O

O NH

N

N

O

O

O

NH N

HNH N

N

O

O

O

R

R R

R

+ R CHO +

Me

MeR

scheme 7

4

4 +

R

6

R3

+

5

3

1

1

1

2

2

2

1 2 3

C2H5OH-H2O

Me

Me

Me

Me

3



Chapter 4 Section B



NH

R

RNH

NH

RNH

About the Author



------------------



en

P

---------------- ---------------------------





ips are also

found at


NH

Scheme 101a-j

CH3CN

2a-j

I2+

3















-----------------------------










JOB ADVERTISEMENT











































Rank

Institution

Country

Peer review score


Staffstudent score




Overall score

I

II

III






























Mycobacterium sp

Wheat scots pine






Curtobacterium sp


Micrococcus luteus


Curtobacterium sp




Micrococcus luteus







Ficus benjamina



Ricinus communis

Kim et al 2006



Streptomyces albus


Corynebacterium spp


Carrim et al 2006


Carrim et al 2006


Lin et al 2005

Streptomyces sp R5





of action Reference












M tuberculosis)

--- Zhao et al 2005








(and antibacterial)





2007


Ficus benjaminica


Anticancer (and


et al 2008)









435

Huang et al 2006




2007











2003





Maytenus hookeri













ARTICLE




















Score on

alumni

Score on

award

Score on

HiCi

Score on

NampS

Score on

PUB

Score on

PCP

Total score

1 Harvard Univ US 1 100 100 100 100 100 741 100

2 Stanford Univ US 2 40 787 866 689 716 669 737


US 3 69 771 688 706 70 53 714

4 Univ Cambridge

UK 1 903 915 536 56 641 65 704


US 4 71 806 656 687 616 539 696


US 5 528 691 574 661 497 100 654

7 Columbia Univ

US 6 724 657 565 523 705 466 625

8 Princeton Univ

US 7 593 804 619 405 448 593 589

9 Univ Chicago US 8 674 819 505 395 519 413 571

10 Univ Oxford UK 2 59 579 484 52 66 457 568

11 Yale Univ US 9 485 436 57 557 624 487 549

12 Cornell Univ US 10 415 513 541 523 647 404 541

13 Univ California-

Los Angeles

US 11 244 428 574 489 757 36 524


US 12 158 34 597 53 667 474 503


US 13 317 344 583 413 69 392 490

16 Univ Washington-

Seattle

US 14 257 318 531 495 741 28 483


US 15 384 355 526 412 681 288 474

18 Univ California-

San Francisco

US 16 0 368 541 515 608 475 466

19 Tokyo Univ Japan 1 322 141 431 519 833 35 464


US 17 458 278 431 487 685 248 455

303-401

IISc-Bangalore

India 1-2 0 0 126 82 33 167

303-401

IIT-Kharagpur

India 1-2 0 0 103 48 288 143
















Staffstudent score




Overall score



4 Univ Oxford UK 100 100 100 85 96 96 989



UK 99 100 100 83 98 100 984


8 Univ Chicago US 100 99 98 91 78 83 980


10 Columbia Univ US 100 99 98 94 29 89 963



13 Duke Univ US 97 98 100 94 30 66 944


15 Cornell Univ US 100 99 90 96 28 76 943


17 Stanford Univ US 100 100 67 100 26 87 912

18 Univ Michigan US 99 99 85 84 59 51 910












About the author



---------------------------------------------





--------




---------------









































Gen Spp India

Gen Spp World


25 129 25 114 45 550














-----------------------------



--------------




































About the author


FICTION






















About the author



-----------------------------


----------------------------




-----------------


- Paul Dirac





POEM




--------------------------

Do you know










---------------------------------






---------------------








N

Me

N

Me

N X

O

YO zMe

X

Y

ON

O

H

H

zMe

ON

N

NH

H

MeMe

N

N

O

N

Me Me

NN

O

Me

XOY

O

z


CHO

H

Scheme 1

Ph

Ph

Ph

1

23aX=Z=O Y=CMe2


4a-d

5a-d

6

7

8

5c

67 8

9

121

2

3

4

5

1011

4a

5a5b 9a

11a

12b12a


Chapter 1 Section B



N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

X

YZY

O

O

YZY

O

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

Cl

HX

H

H


toluene

+H

H

Scheme-2a

2

3

4

5

6

Et3N Basecat

1

7


NN O

Me

PhN

NO

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe CHO

XN

N O

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NH

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NN

O

MePh

+

+8

9

3

10Scheme-2b




Chapter 1 Section C



NH

R

NH

NH

NH

R

NH

NH2OH

NH

NH2

+NO2 NO2MW

1a-b 2a-e 3a-h

R2R1

Scheme 4

+ MW

5a-f

NO2

4

NO2

R1

2a-f

R2

R2

R2R1

R1

Tryptamine

Serotonin

N

N

O

O NH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O

COOH

N O

N

N

O

O OH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O O

COOH

O

N

N

N

N

O

O NH2

NO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O N

N COOH

O

N

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

2

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

H

H

H

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

Scheme 3

H

H

1a-c

4a-c

6a-c

3a-c

5a-c

7a-c



Pteridines



Chapter 2 Section B








compound

N O

HR N

O

O N

R

RO

NH O

N

O

N

R

R

O

N

R

N

+ +

R1

R1

1a-b 2a-g

4a-p

R1

R2

R1

5a-p

H 2

2

H H

+

Scheme 5

3a-b

3

3

3

3

NH

NH

NH

R

+

Scheme 6

RCHO

Methanolrt stir

1 2

waterrt stir

3



Chapter 3 Section B






NH N

HNH

R

R

+ R1CHO

1

1

Scheme 8

1 23

I2

CH3CN

NH

N

N

O

O

O NH

N

N

O

O

O

NH N

HNH N

N

O

O

O

R

R R

R

+ R CHO +

Me

MeR

scheme 7

4

4 +

R

6

R3

+

5

3

1

1

1

2

2

2

1 2 3

C2H5OH-H2O

Me

Me

Me

Me

3



Chapter 4 Section B



NH

R

RNH

NH

RNH

About the Author



------------------



en

P

---------------- ---------------------------





ips are also

found at


NH

Scheme 101a-j

CH3CN

2a-j

I2+

3















-----------------------------










JOB ADVERTISEMENT











































Rank

Institution

Country

Peer review score


Staffstudent score




Overall score

I

II

III











of action Reference












M tuberculosis)

--- Zhao et al 2005








(and antibacterial)





2007


Ficus benjaminica


Anticancer (and


et al 2008)









435

Huang et al 2006




2007











2003





Maytenus hookeri













ARTICLE




















Score on

alumni

Score on

award

Score on

HiCi

Score on

NampS

Score on

PUB

Score on

PCP

Total score

1 Harvard Univ US 1 100 100 100 100 100 741 100

2 Stanford Univ US 2 40 787 866 689 716 669 737


US 3 69 771 688 706 70 53 714

4 Univ Cambridge

UK 1 903 915 536 56 641 65 704


US 4 71 806 656 687 616 539 696


US 5 528 691 574 661 497 100 654

7 Columbia Univ

US 6 724 657 565 523 705 466 625

8 Princeton Univ

US 7 593 804 619 405 448 593 589

9 Univ Chicago US 8 674 819 505 395 519 413 571

10 Univ Oxford UK 2 59 579 484 52 66 457 568

11 Yale Univ US 9 485 436 57 557 624 487 549

12 Cornell Univ US 10 415 513 541 523 647 404 541

13 Univ California-

Los Angeles

US 11 244 428 574 489 757 36 524


US 12 158 34 597 53 667 474 503


US 13 317 344 583 413 69 392 490

16 Univ Washington-

Seattle

US 14 257 318 531 495 741 28 483


US 15 384 355 526 412 681 288 474

18 Univ California-

San Francisco

US 16 0 368 541 515 608 475 466

19 Tokyo Univ Japan 1 322 141 431 519 833 35 464


US 17 458 278 431 487 685 248 455

303-401

IISc-Bangalore

India 1-2 0 0 126 82 33 167

303-401

IIT-Kharagpur

India 1-2 0 0 103 48 288 143
















Staffstudent score




Overall score



4 Univ Oxford UK 100 100 100 85 96 96 989



UK 99 100 100 83 98 100 984


8 Univ Chicago US 100 99 98 91 78 83 980


10 Columbia Univ US 100 99 98 94 29 89 963



13 Duke Univ US 97 98 100 94 30 66 944


15 Cornell Univ US 100 99 90 96 28 76 943


17 Stanford Univ US 100 100 67 100 26 87 912

18 Univ Michigan US 99 99 85 84 59 51 910












About the author



---------------------------------------------





--------




---------------









































Gen Spp India

Gen Spp World


25 129 25 114 45 550














-----------------------------



--------------




































About the author


FICTION






















About the author



-----------------------------


----------------------------




-----------------


- Paul Dirac





POEM




--------------------------

Do you know










---------------------------------






---------------------








N

Me

N

Me

N X

O

YO zMe

X

Y

ON

O

H

H

zMe

ON

N

NH

H

MeMe

N

N

O

N

Me Me

NN

O

Me

XOY

O

z


CHO

H

Scheme 1

Ph

Ph

Ph

1

23aX=Z=O Y=CMe2


4a-d

5a-d

6

7

8

5c

67 8

9

121

2

3

4

5

1011

4a

5a5b 9a

11a

12b12a


Chapter 1 Section B



N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

X

YZY

O

O

YZY

O

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

Cl

HX

H

H


toluene

+H

H

Scheme-2a

2

3

4

5

6

Et3N Basecat

1

7


NN O

Me

PhN

NO

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe CHO

XN

N O

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NH

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NN

O

MePh

+

+8

9

3

10Scheme-2b




Chapter 1 Section C



NH

R

NH

NH

NH

R

NH

NH2OH

NH

NH2

+NO2 NO2MW

1a-b 2a-e 3a-h

R2R1

Scheme 4

+ MW

5a-f

NO2

4

NO2

R1

2a-f

R2

R2

R2R1

R1

Tryptamine

Serotonin

N

N

O

O NH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O

COOH

N O

N

N

O

O OH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O O

COOH

O

N

N

N

N

O

O NH2

NO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O N

N COOH

O

N

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

2

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

H

H

H

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

Scheme 3

H

H

1a-c

4a-c

6a-c

3a-c

5a-c

7a-c



Pteridines



Chapter 2 Section B








compound

N O

HR N

O

O N

R

RO

NH O

N

O

N

R

R

O

N

R

N

+ +

R1

R1

1a-b 2a-g

4a-p

R1

R2

R1

5a-p

H 2

2

H H

+

Scheme 5

3a-b

3

3

3

3

NH

NH

NH

R

+

Scheme 6

RCHO

Methanolrt stir

1 2

waterrt stir

3



Chapter 3 Section B






NH N

HNH

R

R

+ R1CHO

1

1

Scheme 8

1 23

I2

CH3CN

NH

N

N

O

O

O NH

N

N

O

O

O

NH N

HNH N

N

O

O

O

R

R R

R

+ R CHO +

Me

MeR

scheme 7

4

4 +

R

6

R3

+

5

3

1

1

1

2

2

2

1 2 3

C2H5OH-H2O

Me

Me

Me

Me

3



Chapter 4 Section B



NH

R

RNH

NH

RNH

About the Author



------------------



en

P

---------------- ---------------------------





ips are also

found at


NH

Scheme 101a-j

CH3CN

2a-j

I2+

3















-----------------------------










JOB ADVERTISEMENT











































Rank

Institution

Country

Peer review score


Staffstudent score




Overall score

I

II

III

















2003





Maytenus hookeri













ARTICLE




















Score on

alumni

Score on

award

Score on

HiCi

Score on

NampS

Score on

PUB

Score on

PCP

Total score

1 Harvard Univ US 1 100 100 100 100 100 741 100

2 Stanford Univ US 2 40 787 866 689 716 669 737


US 3 69 771 688 706 70 53 714

4 Univ Cambridge

UK 1 903 915 536 56 641 65 704


US 4 71 806 656 687 616 539 696


US 5 528 691 574 661 497 100 654

7 Columbia Univ

US 6 724 657 565 523 705 466 625

8 Princeton Univ

US 7 593 804 619 405 448 593 589

9 Univ Chicago US 8 674 819 505 395 519 413 571

10 Univ Oxford UK 2 59 579 484 52 66 457 568

11 Yale Univ US 9 485 436 57 557 624 487 549

12 Cornell Univ US 10 415 513 541 523 647 404 541

13 Univ California-

Los Angeles

US 11 244 428 574 489 757 36 524


US 12 158 34 597 53 667 474 503


US 13 317 344 583 413 69 392 490

16 Univ Washington-

Seattle

US 14 257 318 531 495 741 28 483


US 15 384 355 526 412 681 288 474

18 Univ California-

San Francisco

US 16 0 368 541 515 608 475 466

19 Tokyo Univ Japan 1 322 141 431 519 833 35 464


US 17 458 278 431 487 685 248 455

303-401

IISc-Bangalore

India 1-2 0 0 126 82 33 167

303-401

IIT-Kharagpur

India 1-2 0 0 103 48 288 143
















Staffstudent score




Overall score



4 Univ Oxford UK 100 100 100 85 96 96 989



UK 99 100 100 83 98 100 984


8 Univ Chicago US 100 99 98 91 78 83 980


10 Columbia Univ US 100 99 98 94 29 89 963



13 Duke Univ US 97 98 100 94 30 66 944


15 Cornell Univ US 100 99 90 96 28 76 943


17 Stanford Univ US 100 100 67 100 26 87 912

18 Univ Michigan US 99 99 85 84 59 51 910












About the author



---------------------------------------------





--------




---------------









































Gen Spp India

Gen Spp World


25 129 25 114 45 550














-----------------------------



--------------




































About the author


FICTION






















About the author



-----------------------------


----------------------------




-----------------


- Paul Dirac





POEM




--------------------------

Do you know










---------------------------------






---------------------








N

Me

N

Me

N X

O

YO zMe

X

Y

ON

O

H

H

zMe

ON

N

NH

H

MeMe

N

N

O

N

Me Me

NN

O

Me

XOY

O

z


CHO

H

Scheme 1

Ph

Ph

Ph

1

23aX=Z=O Y=CMe2


4a-d

5a-d

6

7

8

5c

67 8

9

121

2

3

4

5

1011

4a

5a5b 9a

11a

12b12a


Chapter 1 Section B



N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

X

YZY

O

O

YZY

O

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

Cl

HX

H

H


toluene

+H

H

Scheme-2a

2

3

4

5

6

Et3N Basecat

1

7


NN O

Me

PhN

NO

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe CHO

XN

N O

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NH

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NN

O

MePh

+

+8

9

3

10Scheme-2b




Chapter 1 Section C



NH

R

NH

NH

NH

R

NH

NH2OH

NH

NH2

+NO2 NO2MW

1a-b 2a-e 3a-h

R2R1

Scheme 4

+ MW

5a-f

NO2

4

NO2

R1

2a-f

R2

R2

R2R1

R1

Tryptamine

Serotonin

N

N

O

O NH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O

COOH

N O

N

N

O

O OH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O O

COOH

O

N

N

N

N

O

O NH2

NO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O N

N COOH

O

N

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

2

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

H

H

H

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

Scheme 3

H

H

1a-c

4a-c

6a-c

3a-c

5a-c

7a-c



Pteridines



Chapter 2 Section B








compound

N O

HR N

O

O N

R

RO

NH O

N

O

N

R

R

O

N

R

N

+ +

R1

R1

1a-b 2a-g

4a-p

R1

R2

R1

5a-p

H 2

2

H H

+

Scheme 5

3a-b

3

3

3

3

NH

NH

NH

R

+

Scheme 6

RCHO

Methanolrt stir

1 2

waterrt stir

3



Chapter 3 Section B






NH N

HNH

R

R

+ R1CHO

1

1

Scheme 8

1 23

I2

CH3CN

NH

N

N

O

O

O NH

N

N

O

O

O

NH N

HNH N

N

O

O

O

R

R R

R

+ R CHO +

Me

MeR

scheme 7

4

4 +

R

6

R3

+

5

3

1

1

1

2

2

2

1 2 3

C2H5OH-H2O

Me

Me

Me

Me

3



Chapter 4 Section B



NH

R

RNH

NH

RNH

About the Author



------------------



en

P

---------------- ---------------------------





ips are also

found at


NH

Scheme 101a-j

CH3CN

2a-j

I2+

3















-----------------------------










JOB ADVERTISEMENT











































Rank

Institution

Country

Peer review score


Staffstudent score




Overall score

I

II

III









ARTICLE




















Score on

alumni

Score on

award

Score on

HiCi

Score on

NampS

Score on

PUB

Score on

PCP

Total score

1 Harvard Univ US 1 100 100 100 100 100 741 100

2 Stanford Univ US 2 40 787 866 689 716 669 737


US 3 69 771 688 706 70 53 714

4 Univ Cambridge

UK 1 903 915 536 56 641 65 704


US 4 71 806 656 687 616 539 696


US 5 528 691 574 661 497 100 654

7 Columbia Univ

US 6 724 657 565 523 705 466 625

8 Princeton Univ

US 7 593 804 619 405 448 593 589

9 Univ Chicago US 8 674 819 505 395 519 413 571

10 Univ Oxford UK 2 59 579 484 52 66 457 568

11 Yale Univ US 9 485 436 57 557 624 487 549

12 Cornell Univ US 10 415 513 541 523 647 404 541

13 Univ California-

Los Angeles

US 11 244 428 574 489 757 36 524


US 12 158 34 597 53 667 474 503


US 13 317 344 583 413 69 392 490

16 Univ Washington-

Seattle

US 14 257 318 531 495 741 28 483


US 15 384 355 526 412 681 288 474

18 Univ California-

San Francisco

US 16 0 368 541 515 608 475 466

19 Tokyo Univ Japan 1 322 141 431 519 833 35 464


US 17 458 278 431 487 685 248 455

303-401

IISc-Bangalore

India 1-2 0 0 126 82 33 167

303-401

IIT-Kharagpur

India 1-2 0 0 103 48 288 143
















Staffstudent score




Overall score



4 Univ Oxford UK 100 100 100 85 96 96 989



UK 99 100 100 83 98 100 984


8 Univ Chicago US 100 99 98 91 78 83 980


10 Columbia Univ US 100 99 98 94 29 89 963



13 Duke Univ US 97 98 100 94 30 66 944


15 Cornell Univ US 100 99 90 96 28 76 943


17 Stanford Univ US 100 100 67 100 26 87 912

18 Univ Michigan US 99 99 85 84 59 51 910












About the author



---------------------------------------------





--------




---------------









































Gen Spp India

Gen Spp World


25 129 25 114 45 550














-----------------------------



--------------




































About the author


FICTION






















About the author



-----------------------------


----------------------------




-----------------


- Paul Dirac





POEM




--------------------------

Do you know










---------------------------------






---------------------








N

Me

N

Me

N X

O

YO zMe

X

Y

ON

O

H

H

zMe

ON

N

NH

H

MeMe

N

N

O

N

Me Me

NN

O

Me

XOY

O

z


CHO

H

Scheme 1

Ph

Ph

Ph

1

23aX=Z=O Y=CMe2


4a-d

5a-d

6

7

8

5c

67 8

9

121

2

3

4

5

1011

4a

5a5b 9a

11a

12b12a


Chapter 1 Section B



N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

X

YZY

O

O

YZY

O

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

Cl

HX

H

H


toluene

+H

H

Scheme-2a

2

3

4

5

6

Et3N Basecat

1

7


NN O

Me

PhN

NO

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe CHO

XN

N O

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NH

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NN

O

MePh

+

+8

9

3

10Scheme-2b




Chapter 1 Section C



NH

R

NH

NH

NH

R

NH

NH2OH

NH

NH2

+NO2 NO2MW

1a-b 2a-e 3a-h

R2R1

Scheme 4

+ MW

5a-f

NO2

4

NO2

R1

2a-f

R2

R2

R2R1

R1

Tryptamine

Serotonin

N

N

O

O NH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O

COOH

N O

N

N

O

O OH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O O

COOH

O

N

N

N

N

O

O NH2

NO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O N

N COOH

O

N

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

2

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

H

H

H

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

Scheme 3

H

H

1a-c

4a-c

6a-c

3a-c

5a-c

7a-c



Pteridines



Chapter 2 Section B








compound

N O

HR N

O

O N

R

RO

NH O

N

O

N

R

R

O

N

R

N

+ +

R1

R1

1a-b 2a-g

4a-p

R1

R2

R1

5a-p

H 2

2

H H

+

Scheme 5

3a-b

3

3

3

3

NH

NH

NH

R

+

Scheme 6

RCHO

Methanolrt stir

1 2

waterrt stir

3



Chapter 3 Section B






NH N

HNH

R

R

+ R1CHO

1

1

Scheme 8

1 23

I2

CH3CN

NH

N

N

O

O

O NH

N

N

O

O

O

NH N

HNH N

N

O

O

O

R

R R

R

+ R CHO +

Me

MeR

scheme 7

4

4 +

R

6

R3

+

5

3

1

1

1

2

2

2

1 2 3

C2H5OH-H2O

Me

Me

Me

Me

3



Chapter 4 Section B



NH

R

RNH

NH

RNH

About the Author



------------------



en

P

---------------- ---------------------------





ips are also

found at


NH

Scheme 101a-j

CH3CN

2a-j

I2+

3















-----------------------------










JOB ADVERTISEMENT











































Rank

Institution

Country

Peer review score


Staffstudent score




Overall score

I

II

III




















Score on

alumni

Score on

award

Score on

HiCi

Score on

NampS

Score on

PUB

Score on

PCP

Total score

1 Harvard Univ US 1 100 100 100 100 100 741 100

2 Stanford Univ US 2 40 787 866 689 716 669 737


US 3 69 771 688 706 70 53 714

4 Univ Cambridge

UK 1 903 915 536 56 641 65 704


US 4 71 806 656 687 616 539 696


US 5 528 691 574 661 497 100 654

7 Columbia Univ

US 6 724 657 565 523 705 466 625

8 Princeton Univ

US 7 593 804 619 405 448 593 589

9 Univ Chicago US 8 674 819 505 395 519 413 571

10 Univ Oxford UK 2 59 579 484 52 66 457 568

11 Yale Univ US 9 485 436 57 557 624 487 549

12 Cornell Univ US 10 415 513 541 523 647 404 541

13 Univ California-

Los Angeles

US 11 244 428 574 489 757 36 524


US 12 158 34 597 53 667 474 503


US 13 317 344 583 413 69 392 490

16 Univ Washington-

Seattle

US 14 257 318 531 495 741 28 483


US 15 384 355 526 412 681 288 474

18 Univ California-

San Francisco

US 16 0 368 541 515 608 475 466

19 Tokyo Univ Japan 1 322 141 431 519 833 35 464


US 17 458 278 431 487 685 248 455

303-401

IISc-Bangalore

India 1-2 0 0 126 82 33 167

303-401

IIT-Kharagpur

India 1-2 0 0 103 48 288 143
















Staffstudent score




Overall score



4 Univ Oxford UK 100 100 100 85 96 96 989



UK 99 100 100 83 98 100 984


8 Univ Chicago US 100 99 98 91 78 83 980


10 Columbia Univ US 100 99 98 94 29 89 963



13 Duke Univ US 97 98 100 94 30 66 944


15 Cornell Univ US 100 99 90 96 28 76 943


17 Stanford Univ US 100 100 67 100 26 87 912

18 Univ Michigan US 99 99 85 84 59 51 910












About the author



---------------------------------------------





--------




---------------









































Gen Spp India

Gen Spp World


25 129 25 114 45 550














-----------------------------



--------------




































About the author


FICTION






















About the author



-----------------------------


----------------------------




-----------------


- Paul Dirac





POEM




--------------------------

Do you know










---------------------------------






---------------------








N

Me

N

Me

N X

O

YO zMe

X

Y

ON

O

H

H

zMe

ON

N

NH

H

MeMe

N

N

O

N

Me Me

NN

O

Me

XOY

O

z


CHO

H

Scheme 1

Ph

Ph

Ph

1

23aX=Z=O Y=CMe2


4a-d

5a-d

6

7

8

5c

67 8

9

121

2

3

4

5

1011

4a

5a5b 9a

11a

12b12a


Chapter 1 Section B



N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

X

YZY

O

O

YZY

O

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

Cl

HX

H

H


toluene

+H

H

Scheme-2a

2

3

4

5

6

Et3N Basecat

1

7


NN O

Me

PhN

NO

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe CHO

XN

N O

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NH

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NN

O

MePh

+

+8

9

3

10Scheme-2b




Chapter 1 Section C



NH

R

NH

NH

NH

R

NH

NH2OH

NH

NH2

+NO2 NO2MW

1a-b 2a-e 3a-h

R2R1

Scheme 4

+ MW

5a-f

NO2

4

NO2

R1

2a-f

R2

R2

R2R1

R1

Tryptamine

Serotonin

N

N

O

O NH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O

COOH

N O

N

N

O

O OH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O O

COOH

O

N

N

N

N

O

O NH2

NO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O N

N COOH

O

N

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

2

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

H

H

H

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

Scheme 3

H

H

1a-c

4a-c

6a-c

3a-c

5a-c

7a-c



Pteridines



Chapter 2 Section B








compound

N O

HR N

O

O N

R

RO

NH O

N

O

N

R

R

O

N

R

N

+ +

R1

R1

1a-b 2a-g

4a-p

R1

R2

R1

5a-p

H 2

2

H H

+

Scheme 5

3a-b

3

3

3

3

NH

NH

NH

R

+

Scheme 6

RCHO

Methanolrt stir

1 2

waterrt stir

3



Chapter 3 Section B






NH N

HNH

R

R

+ R1CHO

1

1

Scheme 8

1 23

I2

CH3CN

NH

N

N

O

O

O NH

N

N

O

O

O

NH N

HNH N

N

O

O

O

R

R R

R

+ R CHO +

Me

MeR

scheme 7

4

4 +

R

6

R3

+

5

3

1

1

1

2

2

2

1 2 3

C2H5OH-H2O

Me

Me

Me

Me

3



Chapter 4 Section B



NH

R

RNH

NH

RNH

About the Author



------------------



en

P

---------------- ---------------------------





ips are also

found at


NH

Scheme 101a-j

CH3CN

2a-j

I2+

3















-----------------------------










JOB ADVERTISEMENT











































Rank

Institution

Country

Peer review score


Staffstudent score




Overall score

I

II

III






















Staffstudent score




Overall score



4 Univ Oxford UK 100 100 100 85 96 96 989



UK 99 100 100 83 98 100 984


8 Univ Chicago US 100 99 98 91 78 83 980


10 Columbia Univ US 100 99 98 94 29 89 963



13 Duke Univ US 97 98 100 94 30 66 944


15 Cornell Univ US 100 99 90 96 28 76 943


17 Stanford Univ US 100 100 67 100 26 87 912

18 Univ Michigan US 99 99 85 84 59 51 910












About the author



---------------------------------------------





--------




---------------









































Gen Spp India

Gen Spp World


25 129 25 114 45 550














-----------------------------



--------------




































About the author


FICTION






















About the author



-----------------------------


----------------------------




-----------------


- Paul Dirac





POEM




--------------------------

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---------------------------------






---------------------








N

Me

N

Me

N X

O

YO zMe

X

Y

ON

O

H

H

zMe

ON

N

NH

H

MeMe

N

N

O

N

Me Me

NN

O

Me

XOY

O

z


CHO

H

Scheme 1

Ph

Ph

Ph

1

23aX=Z=O Y=CMe2


4a-d

5a-d

6

7

8

5c

67 8

9

121

2

3

4

5

1011

4a

5a5b 9a

11a

12b12a


Chapter 1 Section B



N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

X

YZY

O

O

YZY

O

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

Cl

HX

H

H


toluene

+H

H

Scheme-2a

2

3

4

5

6

Et3N Basecat

1

7


NN O

Me

PhN

NO

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe CHO

XN

N O

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NH

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NN

O

MePh

+

+8

9

3

10Scheme-2b




Chapter 1 Section C



NH

R

NH

NH

NH

R

NH

NH2OH

NH

NH2

+NO2 NO2MW

1a-b 2a-e 3a-h

R2R1

Scheme 4

+ MW

5a-f

NO2

4

NO2

R1

2a-f

R2

R2

R2R1

R1

Tryptamine

Serotonin

N

N

O

O NH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O

COOH

N O

N

N

O

O OH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O O

COOH

O

N

N

N

N

O

O NH2

NO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O N

N COOH

O

N

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

2

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

H

H

H

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

Scheme 3

H

H

1a-c

4a-c

6a-c

3a-c

5a-c

7a-c



Pteridines



Chapter 2 Section B








compound

N O

HR N

O

O N

R

RO

NH O

N

O

N

R

R

O

N

R

N

+ +

R1

R1

1a-b 2a-g

4a-p

R1

R2

R1

5a-p

H 2

2

H H

+

Scheme 5

3a-b

3

3

3

3

NH

NH

NH

R

+

Scheme 6

RCHO

Methanolrt stir

1 2

waterrt stir

3



Chapter 3 Section B






NH N

HNH

R

R

+ R1CHO

1

1

Scheme 8

1 23

I2

CH3CN

NH

N

N

O

O

O NH

N

N

O

O

O

NH N

HNH N

N

O

O

O

R

R R

R

+ R CHO +

Me

MeR

scheme 7

4

4 +

R

6

R3

+

5

3

1

1

1

2

2

2

1 2 3

C2H5OH-H2O

Me

Me

Me

Me

3



Chapter 4 Section B



NH

R

RNH

NH

RNH

About the Author



------------------



en

P

---------------- ---------------------------





ips are also

found at


NH

Scheme 101a-j

CH3CN

2a-j

I2+

3















-----------------------------










JOB ADVERTISEMENT











































Rank

Institution

Country

Peer review score


Staffstudent score




Overall score

I

II

III












About the author



---------------------------------------------





--------




---------------









































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Gen Spp World


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-----------------------------



--------------




































About the author


FICTION






















About the author



-----------------------------


----------------------------




-----------------


- Paul Dirac





POEM




--------------------------

Do you know










---------------------------------






---------------------








N

Me

N

Me

N X

O

YO zMe

X

Y

ON

O

H

H

zMe

ON

N

NH

H

MeMe

N

N

O

N

Me Me

NN

O

Me

XOY

O

z


CHO

H

Scheme 1

Ph

Ph

Ph

1

23aX=Z=O Y=CMe2


4a-d

5a-d

6

7

8

5c

67 8

9

121

2

3

4

5

1011

4a

5a5b 9a

11a

12b12a


Chapter 1 Section B



N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

X

YZY

O

O

YZY

O

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

Cl

HX

H

H


toluene

+H

H

Scheme-2a

2

3

4

5

6

Et3N Basecat

1

7


NN O

Me

PhN

NO

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe CHO

XN

N O

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NH

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NN

O

MePh

+

+8

9

3

10Scheme-2b




Chapter 1 Section C



NH

R

NH

NH

NH

R

NH

NH2OH

NH

NH2

+NO2 NO2MW

1a-b 2a-e 3a-h

R2R1

Scheme 4

+ MW

5a-f

NO2

4

NO2

R1

2a-f

R2

R2

R2R1

R1

Tryptamine

Serotonin

N

N

O

O NH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O

COOH

N O

N

N

O

O OH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O O

COOH

O

N

N

N

N

O

O NH2

NO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O N

N COOH

O

N

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

2

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

H

H

H

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

Scheme 3

H

H

1a-c

4a-c

6a-c

3a-c

5a-c

7a-c



Pteridines



Chapter 2 Section B








compound

N O

HR N

O

O N

R

RO

NH O

N

O

N

R

R

O

N

R

N

+ +

R1

R1

1a-b 2a-g

4a-p

R1

R2

R1

5a-p

H 2

2

H H

+

Scheme 5

3a-b

3

3

3

3

NH

NH

NH

R

+

Scheme 6

RCHO

Methanolrt stir

1 2

waterrt stir

3



Chapter 3 Section B






NH N

HNH

R

R

+ R1CHO

1

1

Scheme 8

1 23

I2

CH3CN

NH

N

N

O

O

O NH

N

N

O

O

O

NH N

HNH N

N

O

O

O

R

R R

R

+ R CHO +

Me

MeR

scheme 7

4

4 +

R

6

R3

+

5

3

1

1

1

2

2

2

1 2 3

C2H5OH-H2O

Me

Me

Me

Me

3



Chapter 4 Section B



NH

R

RNH

NH

RNH

About the Author



------------------



en

P

---------------- ---------------------------





ips are also

found at


NH

Scheme 101a-j

CH3CN

2a-j

I2+

3















-----------------------------










JOB ADVERTISEMENT











































Rank

Institution

Country

Peer review score


Staffstudent score




Overall score

I

II

III









































Gen Spp India

Gen Spp World


25 129 25 114 45 550














-----------------------------



--------------




































About the author


FICTION






















About the author



-----------------------------


----------------------------




-----------------


- Paul Dirac





POEM




--------------------------

Do you know










---------------------------------






---------------------








N

Me

N

Me

N X

O

YO zMe

X

Y

ON

O

H

H

zMe

ON

N

NH

H

MeMe

N

N

O

N

Me Me

NN

O

Me

XOY

O

z


CHO

H

Scheme 1

Ph

Ph

Ph

1

23aX=Z=O Y=CMe2


4a-d

5a-d

6

7

8

5c

67 8

9

121

2

3

4

5

1011

4a

5a5b 9a

11a

12b12a


Chapter 1 Section B



N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

X

YZY

O

O

YZY

O

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

Cl

HX

H

H


toluene

+H

H

Scheme-2a

2

3

4

5

6

Et3N Basecat

1

7


NN O

Me

PhN

NO

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe CHO

XN

N O

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NH

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NN

O

MePh

+

+8

9

3

10Scheme-2b




Chapter 1 Section C



NH

R

NH

NH

NH

R

NH

NH2OH

NH

NH2

+NO2 NO2MW

1a-b 2a-e 3a-h

R2R1

Scheme 4

+ MW

5a-f

NO2

4

NO2

R1

2a-f

R2

R2

R2R1

R1

Tryptamine

Serotonin

N

N

O

O NH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O

COOH

N O

N

N

O

O OH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O O

COOH

O

N

N

N

N

O

O NH2

NO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O N

N COOH

O

N

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

2

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

H

H

H

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

Scheme 3

H

H

1a-c

4a-c

6a-c

3a-c

5a-c

7a-c



Pteridines



Chapter 2 Section B








compound

N O

HR N

O

O N

R

RO

NH O

N

O

N

R

R

O

N

R

N

+ +

R1

R1

1a-b 2a-g

4a-p

R1

R2

R1

5a-p

H 2

2

H H

+

Scheme 5

3a-b

3

3

3

3

NH

NH

NH

R

+

Scheme 6

RCHO

Methanolrt stir

1 2

waterrt stir

3



Chapter 3 Section B






NH N

HNH

R

R

+ R1CHO

1

1

Scheme 8

1 23

I2

CH3CN

NH

N

N

O

O

O NH

N

N

O

O

O

NH N

HNH N

N

O

O

O

R

R R

R

+ R CHO +

Me

MeR

scheme 7

4

4 +

R

6

R3

+

5

3

1

1

1

2

2

2

1 2 3

C2H5OH-H2O

Me

Me

Me

Me

3



Chapter 4 Section B



NH

R

RNH

NH

RNH

About the Author



------------------



en

P

---------------- ---------------------------





ips are also

found at


NH

Scheme 101a-j

CH3CN

2a-j

I2+

3















-----------------------------










JOB ADVERTISEMENT











































Rank

Institution

Country

Peer review score


Staffstudent score




Overall score

I

II

III















-----------------------------



--------------




































About the author


FICTION






















About the author



-----------------------------


----------------------------




-----------------


- Paul Dirac





POEM




--------------------------

Do you know










---------------------------------






---------------------








N

Me

N

Me

N X

O

YO zMe

X

Y

ON

O

H

H

zMe

ON

N

NH

H

MeMe

N

N

O

N

Me Me

NN

O

Me

XOY

O

z


CHO

H

Scheme 1

Ph

Ph

Ph

1

23aX=Z=O Y=CMe2


4a-d

5a-d

6

7

8

5c

67 8

9

121

2

3

4

5

1011

4a

5a5b 9a

11a

12b12a


Chapter 1 Section B



N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

X

YZY

O

O

YZY

O

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

Cl

HX

H

H


toluene

+H

H

Scheme-2a

2

3

4

5

6

Et3N Basecat

1

7


NN O

Me

PhN

NO

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe CHO

XN

N O

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NH

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NN

O

MePh

+

+8

9

3

10Scheme-2b




Chapter 1 Section C



NH

R

NH

NH

NH

R

NH

NH2OH

NH

NH2

+NO2 NO2MW

1a-b 2a-e 3a-h

R2R1

Scheme 4

+ MW

5a-f

NO2

4

NO2

R1

2a-f

R2

R2

R2R1

R1

Tryptamine

Serotonin

N

N

O

O NH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O

COOH

N O

N

N

O

O OH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O O

COOH

O

N

N

N

N

O

O NH2

NO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O N

N COOH

O

N

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

2

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

H

H

H

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

Scheme 3

H

H

1a-c

4a-c

6a-c

3a-c

5a-c

7a-c



Pteridines



Chapter 2 Section B








compound

N O

HR N

O

O N

R

RO

NH O

N

O

N

R

R

O

N

R

N

+ +

R1

R1

1a-b 2a-g

4a-p

R1

R2

R1

5a-p

H 2

2

H H

+

Scheme 5

3a-b

3

3

3

3

NH

NH

NH

R

+

Scheme 6

RCHO

Methanolrt stir

1 2

waterrt stir

3



Chapter 3 Section B






NH N

HNH

R

R

+ R1CHO

1

1

Scheme 8

1 23

I2

CH3CN

NH

N

N

O

O

O NH

N

N

O

O

O

NH N

HNH N

N

O

O

O

R

R R

R

+ R CHO +

Me

MeR

scheme 7

4

4 +

R

6

R3

+

5

3

1

1

1

2

2

2

1 2 3

C2H5OH-H2O

Me

Me

Me

Me

3



Chapter 4 Section B



NH

R

RNH

NH

RNH

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Scheme 101a-j

CH3CN

2a-j

I2+

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N

Me

N

Me

N X

O

YO zMe

X

Y

ON

O

H

H

zMe

ON

N

NH

H

MeMe

N

N

O

N

Me Me

NN

O

Me

XOY

O

z


CHO

H

Scheme 1

Ph

Ph

Ph

1

23aX=Z=O Y=CMe2


4a-d

5a-d

6

7

8

5c

67 8

9

121

2

3

4

5

1011

4a

5a5b 9a

11a

12b12a


Chapter 1 Section B



N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

X

YZY

O

O

YZY

O

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

Cl

HX

H

H


toluene

+H

H

Scheme-2a

2

3

4

5

6

Et3N Basecat

1

7


NN O

Me

PhN

NO

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe CHO

XN

N O

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NH

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NN

O

MePh

+

+8

9

3

10Scheme-2b




Chapter 1 Section C



NH

R

NH

NH

NH

R

NH

NH2OH

NH

NH2

+NO2 NO2MW

1a-b 2a-e 3a-h

R2R1

Scheme 4

+ MW

5a-f

NO2

4

NO2

R1

2a-f

R2

R2

R2R1

R1

Tryptamine

Serotonin

N

N

O

O NH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O

COOH

N O

N

N

O

O OH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O O

COOH

O

N

N

N

N

O

O NH2

NO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O N

N COOH

O

N

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

2

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

H

H

H

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

Scheme 3

H

H

1a-c

4a-c

6a-c

3a-c

5a-c

7a-c



Pteridines



Chapter 2 Section B








compound

N O

HR N

O

O N

R

RO

NH O

N

O

N

R

R

O

N

R

N

+ +

R1

R1

1a-b 2a-g

4a-p

R1

R2

R1

5a-p

H 2

2

H H

+

Scheme 5

3a-b

3

3

3

3

NH

NH

NH

R

+

Scheme 6

RCHO

Methanolrt stir

1 2

waterrt stir

3



Chapter 3 Section B






NH N

HNH

R

R

+ R1CHO

1

1

Scheme 8

1 23

I2

CH3CN

NH

N

N

O

O

O NH

N

N

O

O

O

NH N

HNH N

N

O

O

O

R

R R

R

+ R CHO +

Me

MeR

scheme 7

4

4 +

R

6

R3

+

5

3

1

1

1

2

2

2

1 2 3

C2H5OH-H2O

Me

Me

Me

Me

3



Chapter 4 Section B



NH

R

RNH

NH

RNH

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found at


NH

Scheme 101a-j

CH3CN

2a-j

I2+

3















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---------------------








N

Me

N

Me

N X

O

YO zMe

X

Y

ON

O

H

H

zMe

ON

N

NH

H

MeMe

N

N

O

N

Me Me

NN

O

Me

XOY

O

z


CHO

H

Scheme 1

Ph

Ph

Ph

1

23aX=Z=O Y=CMe2


4a-d

5a-d

6

7

8

5c

67 8

9

121

2

3

4

5

1011

4a

5a5b 9a

11a

12b12a


Chapter 1 Section B



N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

X

YZY

O

O

YZY

O

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

Cl

HX

H

H


toluene

+H

H

Scheme-2a

2

3

4

5

6

Et3N Basecat

1

7


NN O

Me

PhN

NO

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe CHO

XN

N O

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NH

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NN

O

MePh

+

+8

9

3

10Scheme-2b




Chapter 1 Section C



NH

R

NH

NH

NH

R

NH

NH2OH

NH

NH2

+NO2 NO2MW

1a-b 2a-e 3a-h

R2R1

Scheme 4

+ MW

5a-f

NO2

4

NO2

R1

2a-f

R2

R2

R2R1

R1

Tryptamine

Serotonin

N

N

O

O NH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O

COOH

N O

N

N

O

O OH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O O

COOH

O

N

N

N

N

O

O NH2

NO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O N

N COOH

O

N

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

2

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

H

H

H

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

Scheme 3

H

H

1a-c

4a-c

6a-c

3a-c

5a-c

7a-c



Pteridines



Chapter 2 Section B








compound

N O

HR N

O

O N

R

RO

NH O

N

O

N

R

R

O

N

R

N

+ +

R1

R1

1a-b 2a-g

4a-p

R1

R2

R1

5a-p

H 2

2

H H

+

Scheme 5

3a-b

3

3

3

3

NH

NH

NH

R

+

Scheme 6

RCHO

Methanolrt stir

1 2

waterrt stir

3



Chapter 3 Section B






NH N

HNH

R

R

+ R1CHO

1

1

Scheme 8

1 23

I2

CH3CN

NH

N

N

O

O

O NH

N

N

O

O

O

NH N

HNH N

N

O

O

O

R

R R

R

+ R CHO +

Me

MeR

scheme 7

4

4 +

R

6

R3

+

5

3

1

1

1

2

2

2

1 2 3

C2H5OH-H2O

Me

Me

Me

Me

3



Chapter 4 Section B



NH

R

RNH

NH

RNH

About the Author



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en

P

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ips are also

found at


NH

Scheme 101a-j

CH3CN

2a-j

I2+

3















-----------------------------










JOB ADVERTISEMENT











































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Peer review score


Staffstudent score




Overall score

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II

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-----------------


- Paul Dirac





POEM




--------------------------

Do you know










---------------------------------






---------------------








N

Me

N

Me

N X

O

YO zMe

X

Y

ON

O

H

H

zMe

ON

N

NH

H

MeMe

N

N

O

N

Me Me

NN

O

Me

XOY

O

z


CHO

H

Scheme 1

Ph

Ph

Ph

1

23aX=Z=O Y=CMe2


4a-d

5a-d

6

7

8

5c

67 8

9

121

2

3

4

5

1011

4a

5a5b 9a

11a

12b12a


Chapter 1 Section B



N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

X

YZY

O

O

YZY

O

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

Cl

HX

H

H


toluene

+H

H

Scheme-2a

2

3

4

5

6

Et3N Basecat

1

7


NN O

Me

PhN

NO

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe CHO

XN

N O

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NH

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NN

O

MePh

+

+8

9

3

10Scheme-2b




Chapter 1 Section C



NH

R

NH

NH

NH

R

NH

NH2OH

NH

NH2

+NO2 NO2MW

1a-b 2a-e 3a-h

R2R1

Scheme 4

+ MW

5a-f

NO2

4

NO2

R1

2a-f

R2

R2

R2R1

R1

Tryptamine

Serotonin

N

N

O

O NH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O

COOH

N O

N

N

O

O OH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O O

COOH

O

N

N

N

N

O

O NH2

NO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O N

N COOH

O

N

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

2

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

H

H

H

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

Scheme 3

H

H

1a-c

4a-c

6a-c

3a-c

5a-c

7a-c



Pteridines



Chapter 2 Section B








compound

N O

HR N

O

O N

R

RO

NH O

N

O

N

R

R

O

N

R

N

+ +

R1

R1

1a-b 2a-g

4a-p

R1

R2

R1

5a-p

H 2

2

H H

+

Scheme 5

3a-b

3

3

3

3

NH

NH

NH

R

+

Scheme 6

RCHO

Methanolrt stir

1 2

waterrt stir

3



Chapter 3 Section B






NH N

HNH

R

R

+ R1CHO

1

1

Scheme 8

1 23

I2

CH3CN

NH

N

N

O

O

O NH

N

N

O

O

O

NH N

HNH N

N

O

O

O

R

R R

R

+ R CHO +

Me

MeR

scheme 7

4

4 +

R

6

R3

+

5

3

1

1

1

2

2

2

1 2 3

C2H5OH-H2O

Me

Me

Me

Me

3



Chapter 4 Section B



NH

R

RNH

NH

RNH

About the Author



------------------



en

P

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ips are also

found at


NH

Scheme 101a-j

CH3CN

2a-j

I2+

3















-----------------------------










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Rank

Institution

Country

Peer review score


Staffstudent score




Overall score

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II

III









POEM




--------------------------

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---------------------------------






---------------------








N

Me

N

Me

N X

O

YO zMe

X

Y

ON

O

H

H

zMe

ON

N

NH

H

MeMe

N

N

O

N

Me Me

NN

O

Me

XOY

O

z


CHO

H

Scheme 1

Ph

Ph

Ph

1

23aX=Z=O Y=CMe2


4a-d

5a-d

6

7

8

5c

67 8

9

121

2

3

4

5

1011

4a

5a5b 9a

11a

12b12a


Chapter 1 Section B



N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

X

YZY

O

O

YZY

O

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

Cl

HX

H

H


toluene

+H

H

Scheme-2a

2

3

4

5

6

Et3N Basecat

1

7


NN O

Me

PhN

NO

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe CHO

XN

N O

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NH

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NN

O

MePh

+

+8

9

3

10Scheme-2b




Chapter 1 Section C



NH

R

NH

NH

NH

R

NH

NH2OH

NH

NH2

+NO2 NO2MW

1a-b 2a-e 3a-h

R2R1

Scheme 4

+ MW

5a-f

NO2

4

NO2

R1

2a-f

R2

R2

R2R1

R1

Tryptamine

Serotonin

N

N

O

O NH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O

COOH

N O

N

N

O

O OH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O O

COOH

O

N

N

N

N

O

O NH2

NO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O N

N COOH

O

N

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

2

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

H

H

H

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

Scheme 3

H

H

1a-c

4a-c

6a-c

3a-c

5a-c

7a-c



Pteridines



Chapter 2 Section B








compound

N O

HR N

O

O N

R

RO

NH O

N

O

N

R

R

O

N

R

N

+ +

R1

R1

1a-b 2a-g

4a-p

R1

R2

R1

5a-p

H 2

2

H H

+

Scheme 5

3a-b

3

3

3

3

NH

NH

NH

R

+

Scheme 6

RCHO

Methanolrt stir

1 2

waterrt stir

3



Chapter 3 Section B






NH N

HNH

R

R

+ R1CHO

1

1

Scheme 8

1 23

I2

CH3CN

NH

N

N

O

O

O NH

N

N

O

O

O

NH N

HNH N

N

O

O

O

R

R R

R

+ R CHO +

Me

MeR

scheme 7

4

4 +

R

6

R3

+

5

3

1

1

1

2

2

2

1 2 3

C2H5OH-H2O

Me

Me

Me

Me

3



Chapter 4 Section B



NH

R

RNH

NH

RNH

About the Author



------------------



en

P

---------------- ---------------------------





ips are also

found at


NH

Scheme 101a-j

CH3CN

2a-j

I2+

3















-----------------------------










JOB ADVERTISEMENT











































Rank

Institution

Country

Peer review score


Staffstudent score




Overall score

I

II

III












---------------------------------






---------------------








N

Me

N

Me

N X

O

YO zMe

X

Y

ON

O

H

H

zMe

ON

N

NH

H

MeMe

N

N

O

N

Me Me

NN

O

Me

XOY

O

z


CHO

H

Scheme 1

Ph

Ph

Ph

1

23aX=Z=O Y=CMe2


4a-d

5a-d

6

7

8

5c

67 8

9

121

2

3

4

5

1011

4a

5a5b 9a

11a

12b12a


Chapter 1 Section B



N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

X

YZY

O

O

YZY

O

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

Cl

HX

H

H


toluene

+H

H

Scheme-2a

2

3

4

5

6

Et3N Basecat

1

7


NN O

Me

PhN

NO

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe CHO

XN

N O

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NH

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NN

O

MePh

+

+8

9

3

10Scheme-2b




Chapter 1 Section C



NH

R

NH

NH

NH

R

NH

NH2OH

NH

NH2

+NO2 NO2MW

1a-b 2a-e 3a-h

R2R1

Scheme 4

+ MW

5a-f

NO2

4

NO2

R1

2a-f

R2

R2

R2R1

R1

Tryptamine

Serotonin

N

N

O

O NH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O

COOH

N O

N

N

O

O OH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O O

COOH

O

N

N

N

N

O

O NH2

NO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O N

N COOH

O

N

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

2

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

H

H

H

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

Scheme 3

H

H

1a-c

4a-c

6a-c

3a-c

5a-c

7a-c



Pteridines



Chapter 2 Section B








compound

N O

HR N

O

O N

R

RO

NH O

N

O

N

R

R

O

N

R

N

+ +

R1

R1

1a-b 2a-g

4a-p

R1

R2

R1

5a-p

H 2

2

H H

+

Scheme 5

3a-b

3

3

3

3

NH

NH

NH

R

+

Scheme 6

RCHO

Methanolrt stir

1 2

waterrt stir

3



Chapter 3 Section B






NH N

HNH

R

R

+ R1CHO

1

1

Scheme 8

1 23

I2

CH3CN

NH

N

N

O

O

O NH

N

N

O

O

O

NH N

HNH N

N

O

O

O

R

R R

R

+ R CHO +

Me

MeR

scheme 7

4

4 +

R

6

R3

+

5

3

1

1

1

2

2

2

1 2 3

C2H5OH-H2O

Me

Me

Me

Me

3



Chapter 4 Section B



NH

R

RNH

NH

RNH

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NH

Scheme 101a-j

CH3CN

2a-j

I2+

3















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N

Me

N

Me

N X

O

YO zMe

X

Y

ON

O

H

H

zMe

ON

N

NH

H

MeMe

N

N

O

N

Me Me

NN

O

Me

XOY

O

z


CHO

H

Scheme 1

Ph

Ph

Ph

1

23aX=Z=O Y=CMe2


4a-d

5a-d

6

7

8

5c

67 8

9

121

2

3

4

5

1011

4a

5a5b 9a

11a

12b12a


Chapter 1 Section B



N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

X

YZY

O

O

YZY

O

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

Cl

HX

H

H


toluene

+H

H

Scheme-2a

2

3

4

5

6

Et3N Basecat

1

7


NN O

Me

PhN

NO

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe CHO

XN

N O

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NH

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NN

O

MePh

+

+8

9

3

10Scheme-2b




Chapter 1 Section C



NH

R

NH

NH

NH

R

NH

NH2OH

NH

NH2

+NO2 NO2MW

1a-b 2a-e 3a-h

R2R1

Scheme 4

+ MW

5a-f

NO2

4

NO2

R1

2a-f

R2

R2

R2R1

R1

Tryptamine

Serotonin

N

N

O

O NH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O

COOH

N O

N

N

O

O OH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O O

COOH

O

N

N

N

N

O

O NH2

NO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O N

N COOH

O

N

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

2

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

H

H

H

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

Scheme 3

H

H

1a-c

4a-c

6a-c

3a-c

5a-c

7a-c



Pteridines



Chapter 2 Section B








compound

N O

HR N

O

O N

R

RO

NH O

N

O

N

R

R

O

N

R

N

+ +

R1

R1

1a-b 2a-g

4a-p

R1

R2

R1

5a-p

H 2

2

H H

+

Scheme 5

3a-b

3

3

3

3

NH

NH

NH

R

+

Scheme 6

RCHO

Methanolrt stir

1 2

waterrt stir

3



Chapter 3 Section B






NH N

HNH

R

R

+ R1CHO

1

1

Scheme 8

1 23

I2

CH3CN

NH

N

N

O

O

O NH

N

N

O

O

O

NH N

HNH N

N

O

O

O

R

R R

R

+ R CHO +

Me

MeR

scheme 7

4

4 +

R

6

R3

+

5

3

1

1

1

2

2

2

1 2 3

C2H5OH-H2O

Me

Me

Me

Me

3



Chapter 4 Section B



NH

R

RNH

NH

RNH

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ips are also

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NH

Scheme 101a-j

CH3CN

2a-j

I2+

3















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Chapter 1 Section B



N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

X

YZY

O

O

YZY

O

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me

X

O

YY Z

O

N

N

O

OMe

Me CHO

Cl

HX

H

H


toluene

+H

H

Scheme-2a

2

3

4

5

6

Et3N Basecat

1

7


NN O

Me

PhN

NO

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe CHO

XN

N O

Me

Ph

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NH

N

O

OMe

NMe

X

NN

O

MePh

+

+8

9

3

10Scheme-2b




Chapter 1 Section C



NH

R

NH

NH

NH

R

NH

NH2OH

NH

NH2

+NO2 NO2MW

1a-b 2a-e 3a-h

R2R1

Scheme 4

+ MW

5a-f

NO2

4

NO2

R1

2a-f

R2

R2

R2R1

R1

Tryptamine

Serotonin

N

N

O

O NH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O

COOH

N O

N

N

O

O OH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O O

COOH

O

N

N

N

N

O

O NH2

NO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O N

N COOH

O

N

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

2

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

H

H

H

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

Scheme 3

H

H

1a-c

4a-c

6a-c

3a-c

5a-c

7a-c



Pteridines



Chapter 2 Section B








compound

N O

HR N

O

O N

R

RO

NH O

N

O

N

R

R

O

N

R

N

+ +

R1

R1

1a-b 2a-g

4a-p

R1

R2

R1

5a-p

H 2

2

H H

+

Scheme 5

3a-b

3

3

3

3

NH

NH

NH

R

+

Scheme 6

RCHO

Methanolrt stir

1 2

waterrt stir

3



Chapter 3 Section B






NH N

HNH

R

R

+ R1CHO

1

1

Scheme 8

1 23

I2

CH3CN

NH

N

N

O

O

O NH

N

N

O

O

O

NH N

HNH N

N

O

O

O

R

R R

R

+ R CHO +

Me

MeR

scheme 7

4

4 +

R

6

R3

+

5

3

1

1

1

2

2

2

1 2 3

C2H5OH-H2O

Me

Me

Me

Me

3



Chapter 4 Section B



NH

R

RNH

NH

RNH

About the Author



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en

P

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ips are also

found at


NH

Scheme 101a-j

CH3CN

2a-j

I2+

3















-----------------------------










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Chapter 1 Section C



NH

R

NH

NH

NH

R

NH

NH2OH

NH

NH2

+NO2 NO2MW

1a-b 2a-e 3a-h

R2R1

Scheme 4

+ MW

5a-f

NO2

4

NO2

R1

2a-f

R2

R2

R2R1

R1

Tryptamine

Serotonin

N

N

O

O NH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O

COOH

N O

N

N

O

O OH

CHO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O O

COOH

O

N

N

N

N

O

O NH2

NO

O

O

O

O

N

N

O

O N

N COOH

O

N

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

2

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

H

H

H

R1

R2

+

R1

R2

2

Scheme 3

H

H

1a-c

4a-c

6a-c

3a-c

5a-c

7a-c



Pteridines



Chapter 2 Section B








compound

N O

HR N

O

O N

R

RO

NH O

N

O

N

R

R

O

N

R

N

+ +

R1

R1

1a-b 2a-g

4a-p

R1

R2

R1

5a-p

H 2

2

H H

+

Scheme 5

3a-b

3

3

3

3

NH

NH

NH

R

+

Scheme 6

RCHO

Methanolrt stir

1 2

waterrt stir

3



Chapter 3 Section B






NH N

HNH

R

R

+ R1CHO

1

1

Scheme 8

1 23

I2

CH3CN

NH

N

N

O

O

O NH

N

N

O

O

O

NH N

HNH N

N

O

O

O

R

R R

R

+ R CHO +

Me

MeR

scheme 7

4

4 +

R

6

R3

+

5

3

1

1

1

2

2

2

1 2 3

C2H5OH-H2O

Me

Me

Me

Me

3



Chapter 4 Section B



NH

R

RNH

NH

RNH

About the Author



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P

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ips are also

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NH

Scheme 101a-j

CH3CN

2a-j

I2+

3















-----------------------------










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Chapter 2 Section B








compound

N O

HR N

O

O N

R

RO

NH O

N

O

N

R

R

O

N

R

N

+ +

R1

R1

1a-b 2a-g

4a-p

R1

R2

R1

5a-p

H 2

2

H H

+

Scheme 5

3a-b

3

3

3

3

NH

NH

NH

R

+

Scheme 6

RCHO

Methanolrt stir

1 2

waterrt stir

3



Chapter 3 Section B






NH N

HNH

R

R

+ R1CHO

1

1

Scheme 8

1 23

I2

CH3CN

NH

N

N

O

O

O NH

N

N

O

O

O

NH N

HNH N

N

O

O

O

R

R R

R

+ R CHO +

Me

MeR

scheme 7

4

4 +

R

6

R3

+

5

3

1

1

1

2

2

2

1 2 3

C2H5OH-H2O

Me

Me

Me

Me

3



Chapter 4 Section B



NH

R

RNH

NH

RNH

About the Author



------------------



en

P

---------------- ---------------------------





ips are also

found at


NH

Scheme 101a-j

CH3CN

2a-j

I2+

3















-----------------------------










JOB ADVERTISEMENT











































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Institution

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Staffstudent score




Overall score

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II

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Chapter 3 Section B






NH N

HNH

R

R

+ R1CHO

1

1

Scheme 8

1 23

I2

CH3CN

NH

N

N

O

O

O NH

N

N

O

O

O

NH N

HNH N

N

O

O

O

R

R R

R

+ R CHO +

Me

MeR

scheme 7

4

4 +

R

6

R3

+

5

3

1

1

1

2

2

2

1 2 3

C2H5OH-H2O

Me

Me

Me

Me

3



Chapter 4 Section B



NH

R

RNH

NH

RNH

About the Author



------------------



en

P

---------------- ---------------------------





ips are also

found at


NH

Scheme 101a-j

CH3CN

2a-j

I2+

3















-----------------------------










JOB ADVERTISEMENT











































Rank

Institution

Country

Peer review score


Staffstudent score




Overall score

I

II

III










Chapter 4 Section B



NH

R

RNH

NH

RNH

About the Author



------------------



en

P

---------------- ---------------------------





ips are also

found at


NH

Scheme 101a-j

CH3CN

2a-j

I2+

3















-----------------------------










JOB ADVERTISEMENT











































Rank

Institution

Country

Peer review score


Staffstudent score




Overall score

I

II

III






















-----------------------------










JOB ADVERTISEMENT











































Rank

Institution

Country

Peer review score


Staffstudent score




Overall score

I

II

III

















JOB ADVERTISEMENT











































Rank

Institution

Country

Peer review score


Staffstudent score




Overall score

I

II

III















































Rank

Institution

Country

Peer review score


Staffstudent score




Overall score

I

II

III








N.E.quest Volume 2 Issue 4 January 2009

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Transcript of N.E.quest Volume 2 Issue 4 January 2009