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Mid-term Report on;

Validating Community-Based Water Resources Management

Approaches for Hill and Mountain Ecosystems in Nepal

Su bm i t t e d t o ;

Agriculture, Natural Resources and Social Services Division

South Asia Department

Asian Development Bank Tel (632) 632-5197

www.adb.org

Su b m i t t e d b y ;

ECARDS-Nepal

Environment, Culture, Agriculture, Research and Development Society, Nepal

Post Box No. 8115, Kathmandu

Email: [email protected]

Web: www.ecards.org.np

Tel: +977-1-4602234, +977-1-6202631

Fax: +977-1-4601757,

The views expressed in this paper are the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the

views or policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Directors, or the

governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper

and accepts no responsibility for any consequences of their use. Terminology used may not

necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.



Mid-term report on "Validating Community-Based Water Resources Management Approaches for Hill and MountainEcosystems in Nepal" by ECARDS-Nepal, November 2010.

1

Mid-term report on;

Validating Community-Based Water Resources Management

Approaches for Hill and Mountain Ecosystems in Nepal.

1. Project Background

ECARDS – Nepal is implementing the project on Validating Community-

Based Water Resources Management Approaches for Hill and Mountain

Ecosystems since 2009. The lessons learned from the first phase of

project implementation from Dec 2007 to Sept 2008 in Rasuwa and

Nuwakot districts, clearly indicate that the demonstrations of IWRM

approaches were found useful to poor and small farmers. These IWRM

approaches are being implemented in adjoining areas under a different

irrigation system and different sub-watershed in phase second in samedistricts of Nepal.

2. Objective

The broad objective of the PDA program is to enable demonstration and

dissemination of proven ideas and innovative development approaches

that are highly replicable and can strengthen ADB’s core operations,

including policy dialogue with government, reform agenda formulation,

country programming, and project preparation and implementation. Thus,

this is a project targeted for poverty reduction through better

management of available water resources. The specific objectives of this

PDA are to:

• demonstrate and disseminate various appropriate technologies to

make the life easier and beneficial to the participating farmers;

• focus on demonstrating different techniques especially

bioengineering along with small scale civil works for the slope

stabilization of irrigation channels, test techniques and

demonstration for soil conservation and improvement of soil

fertility with reference to rational utilization of water and

application of organic fertilizers; and

• develop extension materials of verified technologies in the form of

audio-visuals, books and booklets to be utilized in other areas of

the country.




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3. Scope and Location of Work

In Nepal, majority of the Nepalese people are dependent upon natural

resources for their livelihoods. Agriculture and forest are the integral part

of farming systems. Rainfall is the main source of water in hill and

mountain regions of Nepal and more than 80% of rainfall occurs in fourmonths (June-Sept.) of monsoon season.

Water scarcity is therefore a problem in

most parts of hill and mountain regions of

Nepal. Water is used for both productive

and domestic purposes as well as meeting

the need for biomass and contributes to

rural livelihoods. Therefore, access to

water for domestic and productive

purposes is prerequisite for improving the

livelihood of small scale farmers.

Agriculture is the main source of livelihood of majority of people living in

the hill and mid-hill regions of Nepal. Water is the main livelihood asset of

these people and water scarcity is one of the main factors that limit their

agricultural production, productivity, and profitability. Soil erosion, soil

degradation and declining soil fertility are also regarded as major problems

in Nepal, threatening the sustainable use of sloping agriculture in the hills

and mountains.

Gravity irrigation systems for surface irrigation are the predominant form

of irrigation systems developed in the hills and mountains of Nepal. The

irrigation systems developed are found less effective in ensuring the right

to secure access to water for the poor, raising water productivity and

supporting livelihood of all poor and deprived people. The ADB Project

Completion Report of the Second Irrigation Sector Project (SISP) has

pointed out that soil erosion and declining fertility were major problems,

the project faced during implementation. Same technologies have been

used to construct the irrigation systems in the plain and hill/mountain

areas and the irrigation systems developed in the hill and mountain areassuffer more soil and water related problems.

The ADB funded Community Managed Irrigated Agriculture Sector Project

(CMIASP), the successor project of the SISP implements farmer managed

irrigation system improvements and micro irrigation. ADB supported PDA

project entitled "Developing and Demonstrating Community-Based Water

Resources Management Approaches for Hill and Mountain Ecosystems in

Transactional walk in water source areas.




3

Nepal" in the area of CMAISP (one Nuwakot, a hill district and the other

Rasuwa, a mountain district) complimenting the irrigation with activities to

improve sloping agriculture, watershed management, Multi Use Water

System (MUWS) and soil stabilizing activities along the channel alignment

has been completed.

Demonstration and dissemination of such techniques are very important as

the soil and water resources in the mountainous and hill regions of the

country are facing acute problem of landslides (slope stabilization) and the

cultivated lands in these areas are prone to soil erosion, the fertility is

depleting day by day. There is also high demand for the extension

materials for dissemination among the water users community among the

rural community. In this background, such activities will be incorporated in

this proposal to be implemented in priority during Phase-II of the Project.

In this background, ECARDS-Nepal is implementing this project mobilizing

concerned two water user's associations (WUAs) and coordinating with

related district line agencies: Central Region Irrigation Development

Division Nuwakot, District Agriculture Development Offices, District Soil

and Water Conservation Offices of Rasuwa and Nuwakot Districts.

4. Implementation Approach Adopted

The project is being implemented jointly

with Water Users' Association (WUAs) ofselected irrigation systems from Rasuwa and

Nuwakot districts. Efforts are being made to

mobilize the WUAs for effective

implementation of project activities. The

project is focusing on demonstration and

dissemination of approaches specific and

appropriate to socio-economic and natural

setting related to selected irrigation

systems. Specific users' groups of the

participating farmers are formed and mobilized in the implementation ofproject activities. The members of the project team, expert's

representative from CIDD, DADO and DSCO, members of WUAs and the

beneficiaries are participating in the implementation of project activities.

Canal site visit with community people




4

5. Activities / Actions implemented

ECARDS-Nepal as responsible organization for overall implementation of

the assignment, has prepared the implementation schedule for the

assignment. Under direct supervision of the Executive Committee of

ECARDS- Nepal, the Chairperson himself is responsible for theactualization of the activities at all levels. Summary of the activities

implemented in these demonstration sites are presented in the table - 1

and their details is described below:

Table-1: Summary of activities completed

S.N. Activity / Action Unit

Status

TargetProgress

I Social Mobilization Activities for IWRM

1.1 Project identification and site selection Event 2 2

1.2 Project Orientation meeting with district lineagencies

Time 12

1.3 Project Orientation meeting WUAs Time 2 4

1.4 Users group formation and mobilization No 10 8

II Participatory Planning of Field Activities

2.1 Inception meeting with support and partneragency No 1 1

2.2 Planning meeting with district line agency No 2 2

2.3 Transect walk of channel No 2 4

2.4 Community discussion No 2 4

2.5 Action Plan preparation No 2 2

III Project Activities

3.1 Slope stabilization of irrigation channels No 2 Ongoing

3.2 Water Source Protection No 2 Ongoing

3.3 Landslide treatment for irrigation channel Event 2 Ongoing

3.4 Bio engineering Initiative for landslidemanagement (brush wood, gabion wall, drystone wall, plantation.) Event 4 Ongoing

3.5 Soil conservation and improvementactivities(community plantation, pasturemanagement, regeneration management) Event 5 Ongoing

3.6 On-farm soil conservation practices in sloping

land (SALT) Event 4 OngoingVI Training and Capacity Development

4.1 On-the-job bioengineering training for WUAs Event 2 Planned

4.2 Community Level Training

Community Planning Training Event 10 8

Social Mobilization Training Event 10 16

Record Keeping and Group ManagementTraining Event 10 8




5

S.N. Activity / Action Unit

Status

TargetProgress

Community level review workshop once perthree month per WUAs Event 8 5

4.3 Exposure Visit Event 1 1

4.4 Establishment of Nurseries No 1 Ongoing

4.5 National Level Sharing Workshop Time 1 Planned

4.6 Documentation

IEC Material preparation and dissemination onIWRM technology

LS 1Ongoing

Preparation and display of Audio-Visuals Event 1 Ongoing

Manuals on bioengineering handbook. Event 1 Ongoing

V Monitoring

5.1 Project staff monthly planning and reviewmeeting

Time 1210

5.2 Project site visit for backstopping by expert PM 10 6

VI Reporting6.1 Inception Event 1 1

6.2 Mid-term Event 1 1

6.3 Final Event 1

5.1 Organization of Inception / Review Meeting: The project has

been initiated from Jan. 2010 and started to implement after an

inception meeting with Ms. Cindy Malvicini, Water Resources

Management Specialist of ADB, Er. Naveen M Joshi, Project Director of

CMIASP, DOI, GoN, Dr. Jamshed Tirmizi, Team Leader of Community

Irrigation Project ADB TA 7229–Nep and Er. Jill Browning, IrrigationEngineer of Community Irrigation Project ADB TA 7229 – Nep in 04

Feb 2010 in ECARDs–Nepal Office, Kathmandu. All the suggestions

and guidance made by the meeting are incorporated in the schedule of

inception report for the implementation in phase second and it was

endorsed in 07 June 2010 by ADB. A review meeting with ADB mission

led by Ms. Cindy Malvicini was held on 24 Nov 2010 in ECARDS –

Nepal Kathmandu. Er. Naveen M

Joshi, Project Director of CMIASP,

DOI, GoN has also participated in

the meeting. Mr. Ghan S Awasthi,

Prof Dr. Megha Raj Dhital and Mr.

Rudra Devkota from ECARDS –

Nepal shared the progress status as

of Nov 2010. The meeting agreed to

complete the scheduled remaining activities (on job bioengineering

training, IEC material and Handbook of bioengineering) up to June




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2011 and request ADB for no cost extension. ECARDS- Nepal requests

to ADB for further expansion of such project activities in other hilly

districts in order to maintain the irrigation cannel sustainably.

5.2 Program Participants: A total 8 different groups were formed in

order to implement the program activities. The women are the maintarget beneficiaries of the project. Out of 160 member,133 poor

women of these 2 VDCs have been organized into 8 different groups.

Among them majority from other ethnic group rather than Dalit and

Janjati, 15% from Dalit community and 14.5% from Janjati under-

privileged communities. A detail of the participation is presented in the

table -2.



Mid-term report on "Validating Community-Based Water Resources Management Approaches for Hill and Mountain Ecosystems in Nepal" by ECARDS-Nep

7

Table-2: Summary of Group Formation

SN Name of Group Address Formation

Date

Ethnicity

Dalit Janjati Other

M F M F M F

1 Pragatishil Pariwar Bhorle -6 21-04-2010 0 15 0 0 0

2 Shubha Bhihani Pariwar Bhorle -9 19-04-2010 0 8 0 0 0

3 Hariyali Pariwar Bhorle -6 21-04-2010 0 0 0 0 0

4 Indra Devi Pariwar Bhorle -6 21-04-2010 0 1 2 13 3

Rasuwa Total Number 0 24 2 13 3

% 0 28 2.3 15 3.4

5 Dhan Mudho Puchhartar Krishak

Halle Kalika-8

16-04-2010 0 0 0 12

6 Shibalaya Krishak 16-04-2010 0 0 0 0 5

7 Devithan Krishak 17-04-2010 0 0 0 8 3

8 Radha Krishna Krishak 17-04-2010 0 0 0 0 2

Nuwakot Total

Number 0 0 0 8 22

% 0 0 0 11 30

Total

Number 0 24 2 21 25

% 0 15 1.3 13 16




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5.3 Social Mobilization of WUAs Activities for IWRM

The project activities are being

implemented jointly with Water

Users" Association (WUAs) of the

selected irrigation systems:Hiramanitar Irrigation Users

Committee, Halle Kalika VDC of

Nuwakot and Tallo Rupse Pani

Irrigation Users Committee Bhorle

of Rasuwa Districts. Efforts are

being continued to mobilize the

WUAs for effective implementation

of project activities. It is focusing

on demonstration and

dissemination of approaches specific and appropriate to socio-economic

and natural setting related to selected irrigation systems IWRM

approaches having different socio-cultural and natural settings from the

first phase. Activity specific users' groups of the participating farmers are

being formed and mobilized as per the need. Project Orientation Meeting

with district line agencies has been completed. Project Orientation

meetings with WUAs along with group formation and mobilization process

were also completed. A participatory assessment of the target community

has been done through a simple questionnaire to know the pre situation of

the integrated water resource management practices by the groups.Summary of the finding on the present IWRM practices by district is

presented in the table -3.

Discussion with community people for social mobilization.



Mid-term report on "Validating Community-Based Water Resources Management Approaches for Hill and Mountain Ecosystems in Nepal" by ECARDS-Nep

9

Table – 3: Present IWRM Status in the project location

Name andLocation of WUAs

Present Util ization Present Man

I r r i g a t i o n F a c i l i t y

D r i n k i n g W a t e r F a c i l i t y

W h o c a r r y w a t e r

U s e o f k i t c h e n d r a i n

w a t e r

K n o w l e d g e o n s o i l

e r o s i o n

K n o w l e d g e o n w a t e r

e r o s i o n

E r o s i o n c o n t r o l l i n g

m e a s u r e s

C a n a

l

R a

i n W a

t e r

T a p e

S p r i n g ,

k m

C h i l d r

e n

F e m a

l e

M a l e

K i t c h e n g a r d e n

i n g

C o m p o s

t

N o

t u

s e

Y e s N o

Y e s N o P

l a n

t a t i o n

N o n p

l a n t a t i o n

I p i l I p i l

K i m b u

O t h e r s

Hira Mani TarIrrigation WUA ofHalle Kalika VDC inNuwakot

46.7 53 36 0.65 34 71 55 37 16 22 61 12 60 13 1 0 52 51

Tallo Rupse PaniIrrigation WUA ofBhorle VDC, inRasuwa

35.6 64 47 0.25 29 84 71 55 3 66 78 9 76 11 0 0 72 56




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Likewise land holding by source of irrigation and the food security status of

the target community were also discussed and analysed. Summary of the

same is presented in the table – 4.

Table – 4: Land holding and food security situation of the project

location

Name and location ofWUA

HH

H H p o p u

l a t i o n

Land

Holding,Ropani

HH Food Availability

I r r i g a

t e d L a n

d

R a

i n - f e

d L a n

d

3 m o n

t h s

4 - 6 m o n

t h s

7 - 9 m o n

t h s

1 0 - 1

2 m o n

t h s

> 1 2 m o n

t h s

M F

Hira Mani Tar Irrigation WUA of

Halle Kalika VDC inNuwakot

T o t a l 73 216 202 1555 487 1 15 30 17 10

% 51.7 48.3 76 24 1.4 21 41 23 14

Tallo Rupse Pani Irrigation WUA of

Bhorle VDC, inRasuwa

T o t a l 87 288 310 1297 388 19 16 30 9 14

% 48.2 51.8 77 23 22 18 34 10 16

5.4 Participatory Planning of

Field Activities: All the project

activities were planned in a

participatory way. The members of

the project team, experts, andrepresentatives from DOI, DADO and

other local institutions, members of

WUAs and the beneficiaries were

participate in the planning workshop.

Field survey of the recommended/

selected channels (at least three

channel systems) has been carried

out starting by the related engineers

from Central Region Irrigation

Development Division Nuwakot fromthe source of water through the whole

length of primary and secondary

channels to the irrigation field. Both

bird’s eye view techniques and walk

over survey (transect walk) were

used for this purpose.

Participation of w omen in planning process

Planning meeting in Rasuwa District




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It is required to make a sketch of the slopes affected by landslides and

draw the main rock and soil type as well as the instability features. The

features include location, extent of landslide debris, surface

water drainage, topographical features like irregularities in topography,

old landslides, hummocky slope and other signs of instability, all these

observations are noted down with an appropriate number.

5.5 Conservation Activities

Natural resources conservation related

demonstration and dissemination are

very important for soil and water

resources in the targeted districts.

Conservation activities were

implemented focusing on the acute

problem of landslides (slope

stabilization) and the cultivated lands

in these areas. Plantation of different

species: 200 plants of Lapsi,30

B a u h i n i a S p p (taki), 200 Sy z y z iu m

c u m i n i (jamun) 50 C i n a m o m u m

c a m p h o r a (kapur), 50 L e u c i a n a l e u c o c e p h a l a (epil epil ), 20 Aca c i a

c a t e c h u (Khayar), 15 Ja t r o p h a c o r c u s (Sajiwan), 150 Mo r u s a l b a

(Kimbu), was completed in July 2010 in coordination with Central Region

Irrigation Development Division and District Soil Conservation OfficeNuwakot. Cost-benefit analysis on each technique tested was completed

with community in term of environmental improvement of the locations.

5.6 Slope stabilization of irrigation channels

As most of the irrigation systems in

hills are not reliable due mainly to

landslides along the channel alignment,

they severely suffer from channel

failures due to landslides and seepage.The problem of landslides and seepage

are further aggravating the situation.

The seepage along the channels is also

becoming a major landslide triggering

agent in many areas. So, adequate

knowledge and skills is being provided

Plantation in landslide site.




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and the sense of environmental awareness created among the

stakeholders of irrigation systems, especially the water users' groups, the

life of channel as well as the environment along and around the channel

could certainly be improved. Following main concerns are being discussed

during the mobilization of WUAs:

The vegetative cover hills along the channel length are destroyedbecause of the unavoidable hill cuttings along the inner bank and

deposition of loose soil along the outer bank.

The gentle slope along the outer bank of a channel provides better

alternative for the people and their pets in steep hills. Thus, increased

access accelerates the rate of denudation of vegetative cover around

and along the channel length.

Stability of hills along the channel length is altered during

construction activities, which include excavation, blasting and felling

trees.

5.6.1 Water Source Protection: In the targeted sites to protect their

water sources and the watershed management demonstration are

being initiated as per the need.

5.6.2 Landslide treatment for

irrigation channel: Channel

stabilization in these regions has

been severely affected by

landslides and requires more

resources for maintenance. The

measure to be tested must be

economic that can be affordable by

the farmers with provision of

utilization of local materials.

Therefore, the low technology

approaches are being applied in

this project. First, each existing slope failures along and around the

irrigation channel are categorized whether it is in the form of rills and

gullies from a unprotected surface, established gully, debris slide, shear

failure or slumping, debris fall (collapse) and debris flow. Then

appropriate techniques are being selected in consultation with the

landslide management expert. It might be small-scale civil construction

work, bio-engineering or combination of both as per the need. The

same techniques are being applied for the treatment of slope failure of

similar type. Each of the techniques mentioned above are being

considered as treatments.

Landslide treatment in channel.




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5.6.3 Bio-engineering Initiative for Landslide Management (brush

wood, gabion wall, dry stone wall, plantation.): Bio-engineering alone

and in combination with small scale civil construction works is

important both for prevention and rehabilitation of landslides. This

technique is very economic for slope stabilization especially the scars,which are made during channel construction activities, and for the

rehabilitation of landslides after the failure. Because the materials are

locally available in the areas and skills can easily be transferred to the

local people, especially to the members of water users' groups. There

are different techniques of bio-engineering are being used depending

upon the purpose such as catching, armouring, drainage, limiting,

improvement accordingly plant species to be used to meet the purpose.

An appropriate technique and plant species were selected and

implemented, accordingly.

5.6.4 Soil Conservation and Improvement of Soil Fertility: The high

relief with slopes of different degree and the intense precipitation

during monsoon season are responsible for excessive erosion in the

project area. The specific sites for the application of mitigation

measures were identified (community plantation, pasture management,

regeneration management) and applied by the participating farmers

groups.

5.6.5 On-farm Soil Conservation Practices in Sloping Land: Depletionof plant nutrients due to high surface erosion and soil degradation in

sloping agriculture is the common problem in the hill and mountain

regions of Nepal. On-farm soil conservation practices are being initiated

and adopted to improve soil nutrient management practices, there by

the productivity of agricultural land by the target groups.

5.6.6 Farm management Practices: The project has initiated a unique

influence on the cropping pattern of the command area and the crops

planted. They are practicing cropping pattern with maximum yield all

over the year. Some of them are initiating to be as commercial invegetable farming (Potato and cauliflower). Major cropping patterns

being used after the project are presented in the table -5




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Table-5: Cropping Pattern Adopted

S.NCroppingpattern

J F M A M J J A S O N DYield

Mt/haYield/Ropani

National

Yieldmt/ha

1

EarlyPaddy 7.0 3.5 5.0

Paddy 5.0 2.5 4.5Potato 16.0 8.0 18.0

2

Maize 6.0 3.0 5.7

Paddy 4.0 2.0 4.5

Potato 12.0 6.0 18.0

3

Maize 5.0 2.5 5.7

Paddy 4.0 2.0 4.5

Wheat 2.0 1.0 4.5

Mustard 0.6 0.3 0.9

Potato 11.0 5.5 18.0

Legend : Planting Period Growing Period Harvesting Period

5.6.7 Training and Capacity Development:

5.6.8 Following training events were

organized in order to capacitate the

target beneficiaries of the project

during the implementation period.

To enhance the capacity of the

target beneficiaries, different

training programmes were organized

at the community level. Summary of

the major training is presented in

the table – 6: Capacity building training




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5.6.9 Exposure Visit: A Four day exposure visit was organized for the

WUAs in order to observe and

learn from the achievement of

first phase. It was organized

from 18-21 Aug 2010 to theECARDS – Nepal Resource Farm

in Banepa, Heifer International

Project group in Nagarkot and

ICIMOD Demonstration Farm

Godavari. A total of 40

participants were benefited

from this event.

5.6.10 Activities for Documentation and Technology

Dissemination of Proven Approaches: As there is lack of

appropriate materials useful for the soil and water conservation

activities in the country, emphasis is given to prepare following

materials that will be useful not only in extension and technology

transfer in the present project but also in similar situations in the

country. The major activities include:

IEC Material Preparation and dissemination on IWRM

technology Preparation and display of Audio-Visuals such as

documentaries, photos

Preparation and dissemination of pamphlets, posters

Manuals and booklets on the proven technology of the project

: A special bioengineering handbook Information

dissemination (Handbook) for canal stabilisation is under

preparation in Nepali based on this training course as well as

the material available at the Department of Irrigation, Soil

Conservation, Roads and the Mountain Risk Engineering Unit

of Tribhvuan University. The experience gained from thesuccess or failure of this activity can also be included in the

handbook.

Orientation to the tour team in ICIMODmanaged farm, Godawari.




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6. Mobilization of Human Resource:

ECARDS-Nepal mobilizing an

experienced team as well as local

people / community facilitators. The

position, qualification and assignedduties of the proposed human

resources are given in table- 7.

Table-7: Description of Human Resources Mobilized

SN Position / Expert Name Input, Month

Assigned CompletedF O F O

1 Team Leader /Agriculturist

Mr. G.S.Awasthi

2 2 1 1.5

2 Project ImplementationConsultant

Mr. R. P.Devkota

0.75 0.25 0.75 0.25

3 Bioengineer Consultant Prof Dr. M RDhital

0.75 0. 25 0.75 0.15

4 Irrigation EngineeringConsultant

Mr. DurgaOsti / Mr A KThapa

0.5 0 0.25 0

5 Social MobilizationConsultant Mr. GopalGhimire 1.3 0.3 1 0.3

6 Ethno botanist Consultant

Prof. S. B.Karmacharya

0.5 0. 5 0 0

7 Field Coordinator /Forester

Mr. Puran BdAyer

10 1 6 0.5

8 Agriculture Technician /Social Mobilizer:

Mr. IshwariKafle

10 0 5 0

Mr. RamKumar Rai

10 0 5 0

9 Admin & Finance

Assistant

ECARDS –

Nepal staff

0 3 0 1.5

10 Site Engineer from CIDDNuwakot

Er. Dipak B K As per need and requestfrom concerned WUAsEr. Ramesh

Acharya

Executive committee of ECARDS-Nepal is providing overall guidance to the

project team from the centre as well as at the field level.




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7. Suggestions / Recommendation / Issues: Although it is early to

conclude something from the project following suggestions /

recommendation / issues were made for the effective implementationof the program activities:

• The project activities are smoothly going on since the initiation of

the program. The appointed staffs have been playing the important

role for satisfactory implementation of the programme. They are

engaged in follow-up of the groups and the meeting of the groups.

The group members are also contacting the project office.

• With the initiation of project activities most of the groups are

strengthened by increasing their group feeling, advocacy capability,

legal literacy, understanding their situation and capabilities. Progress

has been achieved in the understanding of the people about theprogram objectives.

• Community expectation is high on infrastructure support rather than

bioengineering activities using local resources and technology.

• There are huge potentials of community based conservation and

bioengineering activities. Some impact and implication of this

program has been observed clearly by now. The impact is on various

parts of the project activities mainly on the targeted women. They

are highly encouraged and delighted by the training and exposure

visit program. These target women have more and more

opportunities of training and other livelihood activities from the

program. Besides, they are realizing the bioengineering and nature

conservation activities using local resources and techniques in their

farm and barrel land.

• Close coordination with CIDD for the implementation of project

activities are found effective.

• Motivation and mobilization of community groups for the action on

maintenance of their irrigation cannel using bioengineering

techniques need much time. Due to late initiation of the project

activities, action plan is not completed within the Dec 2010. Hence,there is need of need of no-cost extension of the project up to June

2011.

• Vegetable production is increasing gradually in the project area.

Training was provided in vegetable production and quality seed was

made available to the target groups as p r o j e c t e n t r y a c t iv i t y .

Before the program initiation most of the members were not

producing vegetables mainly due to the lack of skill and knowledge




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in vegetable growing and their poor access to the expensive inputs

especially seed. Now most of the members in the project area are

exposed to the vegetable production technology through different

training organized by the project.

• As the project has been found to be very useful in the repair and

maintenance of irrigation canals, demands have been pouring in forimplementation of such projects, from different parts of the country.

• Target community feels some remarkable change affect due to the

climate change (replacement of food grains by other commodity /

cash crops; increased arable land left fallow; labour shift –

agriculture to non-farm; migration of plant species; reduction of

livestock numbers; shift from farming to non-farming sectors),

which needs further assessment.




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