Neonatal paediatric skin diseases

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  • 1. Baby Rashes1. The baby's skin2. Common skin problems3. How to treat and prevent4. Cases

2. -non living-replace every month- receptors(touch , heat, pain, pressure- starts to mature at 1st w OL.will continue tomature 6 months postnatal life- protection from trauma-heat storage-conserve calorie 3. B : skin epidermis is 1-2mmA : 2-3mmThinner-absorb and hold watter better-fast water loss- temperature-microorganiss-humidity-external irritants- temperature-microorganiss-humidity-external irritants-sweat gland not fully develop(not able to fullyregulate temperature)Not fully develop- 13% of body weight of neonate-3% of body weight in adultHigh body to surface area1/6 of adultPH 5.5- more sensitive to infectionand irritation-Preterm infants have less collagen and elastin fibers in the dermis and are thus prone to edema.-Components of the dermal extracellular matrix in combination with the fetal environment andinflammatory response permit healing of skin wounds without scarring. This was first noted by surgeonsinvolved in experimental fetal surgery.(Cohen & Siegfried, 2005; Dostal & Gamelli, 1993; Houska-Lund & Durand, 2006; Lund et al., 1999; Witt, 2004) 4. Infant Vs Adult1. structure- immaturity/ thinner/less hairy /less firm2. composition- relative high body surface area,elevated transepidermal water loss,protective flora is absent3. function- predispose to greater heat and fluidloss + drug / toxin absorption 5. When u see a skin rash....- Characteristic of lesions / types(?papular/ macular? Vesicular? Red?Demarcation line?**m-p-v is primary lesion**scaling is 2dry lesion- Location, Distribution and progression- Timing of onset in relation to nonspecificsx 6. Common skin lesions- Macule: nonpalpable, circumscribed, flat lesion (sx shows*fever/cough/corya/conjuctivitis 3-4d rash appears**blanching erythematousmaculopapular**begins in head/neck andspreads centrifugally 17. Rubella Etiology Rubella Virus MOT - contact/airborne Uncommon now MMRvaccine Characteristic of 3daysillness/rash dissapears Ddx measles sub occipital & posteriorcervicallymphadenopathy 18. Hand Foot Mouth Disease Etiology : Enterovirus genus( Picornaviridae family)(Coxsackie V A16 orEnterovirus 71 ; rarecomplications eg meningitis) Stages nonspe sx egfever/LOA/sorethroat 2-3d--> rash appears ( macula-papulardevelops into vesicular) Rx symptomatic , analgesia +mouth wash 19. Reassurance!!!1. Use gentle, fragrance-free cleansers and soaps.Minimise usage of topical toxin and drugs2. Always moisturize3. Skin irritation / allergic reactions -> zinc oxide or titaniumdioxide4. Wear protective clothing, such as a long-sleeved shirt,pants, a wide-brimmed hat and sunglasses, where possible.5. sunscreen! ( not recommended for < 6mo try to avoid thesun!)6. consider bact/virus/fungal if present pustule/vesicular7. take ixs ( helpful! ) , smears and fluid culture