Neil Green Day3
-
Upload
greg-gearheart -
Category
Technology
-
view
869 -
download
1
Transcript of Neil Green Day3
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Green Infrastructure Green Infrastructure and Green Highwaysand Green Highways
Hubs and Links to a Healthy Hubs and Links to a Healthy EnvironmentEnvironment
Low Impact Development CenterLow Impact Development CenterSummer 2007Summer 2007
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Challenges to Performance Based Challenges to Performance Based and Watershed Approachesand Watershed Approaches
Regucopy Regucopy ContradictionsContradictions Agendicizing and disaggregation and Agendicizing and disaggregation and
specializationspecialization Political Boundaries and InterestsPolitical Boundaries and Interests Reliance on Minimum StandardsReliance on Minimum Standards Zoning and Building Codes not integrated with Zoning and Building Codes not integrated with
planningplanning Mass Production not ProfessionMass Production not Profession Site Design Performance vs. BMP EfficiencySite Design Performance vs. BMP Efficiency Contract Process “Per Unit”Contract Process “Per Unit” LEEDLEEDtmtm “no builder left behind” “no builder left behind” Emailification “no one reads”Emailification “no one reads”
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Industry Recognized Standards
Builder/Developer/Institution
Land Use Economic and Design Requirements
Local Community Codes/Ordinances and Watershed Requirements
Localized Sustainable Development
Performance Based!!!
Sustainability is not achieved by minimum
standards or rating systems!!!
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Source: Guide to Sustainable Community Indicators, Hart 1999
Built (“Gray”) Infrastructure
Social Infrastructure
Natural (“Green”)InfrastructureG
reen
Hig
hway
sG
reen
Hig
hway
sSustainable Community = Green (natural) + Gray (built) + Multi (societal)
Source: Guide to Sustainable Community Indicators, Hart 1999
Courtesy Region 3 OW
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Original Green InfrastructureOriginal Green Infrastructure
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Green Infrastructure Green Infrastructure DefinitionsDefinitions
Finding common ground among Finding common ground among the descriptionsthe descriptions
Low Impact Development Center 2007
APA - 7 principles of Green APA - 7 principles of Green InfrastructureInfrastructure
Recognize the social and natural Recognize the social and natural ecosystem/ watershedecosystem/ watershed contextcontext
Provide a Provide a multi-functional frameworkmulti-functional framework for development, for development, protection, conservation, restoration and recreationprotection, conservation, restoration and recreation
Protect and regenerate Protect and regenerate health and biodiversityhealth and biodiversity Create natural, social and economic Create natural, social and economic linkagelinkage Improve the visual qualityImprove the visual quality and sense of place of and sense of place of
communities and landscapescommunities and landscapes Involve and engage the communityInvolve and engage the community in planning, in planning,
implementation, management and monitoringimplementation, management and monitoring Provide a Provide a multi-functional framework for fundingmulti-functional framework for funding for for
acquistion, restoration, management and developmentacquistion, restoration, management and development
Low Impact Development Center 2007
What is Green Infrastructure?What is Green Infrastructure? ““Infrastructure – the Infrastructure – the substructure of underlyingsubstructure of underlying
foundationfoundation…on which the continuance and …on which the continuance and growth of a community or state depends” – growth of a community or state depends” –
Source: Webster’s New World DictionarySource: Webster’s New World Dictionary
““Green infrastructureGreen infrastructure – the – the ecological ecological processes, both natural and engineeredprocesses, both natural and engineered, that act , that act as the as the natural infrastructurenatural infrastructure. It includes ditches, . It includes ditches, creeks, wetlands, parks, open space, trees, creeks, wetlands, parks, open space, trees, green roofs, gardens, working lands, aquifers green roofs, gardens, working lands, aquifers and watersheds that supply drinking water”and watersheds that supply drinking water”
source:source: http://www.wcel.org/issues/urban/sbg/glossary/http://www.wcel.org/issues/urban/sbg/glossary/
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Conservation Fund Definition of Conservation Fund Definition of Green InfrastructureGreen Infrastructure
“…“…an an interconnected network of green space interconnected network of green space that conserves natural ecosystem values and that conserves natural ecosystem values and functions and provides associated benefits to functions and provides associated benefits to human populationshuman populations….Green infrastructure differs ….Green infrastructure differs from conventional approaches to open space from conventional approaches to open space planning because it looks at conservation value planning because it looks at conservation value and actions in concert with land development, and actions in concert with land development, growth management and built infrastructure growth management and built infrastructure planning.” planning.”
source: Green Infrastructure: Smart Conservation for the 21source: Green Infrastructure: Smart Conservation for the 21stst Century, Century, Benedict, Mark A., PhD, Benedict, Mark A., PhD, Edward T. McMahon, J.D., The Conservation Fund, Sprawl Watch Clearinghouse Monograph Edward T. McMahon, J.D., The Conservation Fund, Sprawl Watch Clearinghouse Monograph Series, www.sprawlwatch.orgSeries, www.sprawlwatch.org
Low Impact Development Center 2007
EPA definition of Green EPA definition of Green InfrastructureInfrastructure
Green infrastructure is a Green infrastructure is a cost effective and environmentally friendly cost effective and environmentally friendly approach to reduce stormwater and other excess flowsapproach to reduce stormwater and other excess flows entering entering combined or separate sewer systems. combined or separate sewer systems.
Green infrastructure is Green infrastructure is a way to protect surface waters and drinking a way to protect surface waters and drinking water supplies, reducewater supplies, reduce drinking water and stormwater drinking water and stormwater treatment treatment costscosts, , reduce urban heat islandreduce urban heat island impacts, and provide more impacts, and provide more sustainable water resource management systemssustainable water resource management systems. .
Green infrastructure approaches Green infrastructure approaches use natural systemsuse natural systems such as such as forested areas or engineered systemsforested areas or engineered systems such as raingardens to such as raingardens to cleanse water and reduce excess volumes by filtering and treating it cleanse water and reduce excess volumes by filtering and treating it using plants, soils and microbes. using plants, soils and microbes.
Green infrastructure can be used to Green infrastructure can be used to reduce our reliance on pipesreduce our reliance on pipes, , channels and expensive engineered treatment systemschannels and expensive engineered treatment systems that are that are costly to build, operate and maintain. costly to build, operate and maintain.
source: http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/greeninfrastructure.cfmsource: http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/greeninfrastructure.cfm
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Green InfrastructureGreen Infrastructure
An ecosystem , watershed based network An ecosystem , watershed based network approach to managing growth and creating approach to managing growth and creating sustainable environments in a variety of sustainable environments in a variety of development densitiesdevelopment densities
Economically cost effective approach to solving Economically cost effective approach to solving various issues (water quality, habitat, urban heat various issues (water quality, habitat, urban heat island, CSO reductions, NPDES compliance, island, CSO reductions, NPDES compliance, TMDL, safe communities) when compared to TMDL, safe communities) when compared to other approaches other approaches
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Green Infrastructure in the 21Green Infrastructure in the 21stst centurycentury
Retrofits using green systems to restore Retrofits using green systems to restore hydrological functional hydrological functional
Provides the means to ecologically link Provides the means to ecologically link one hub to the nextone hub to the next
Form of infrastructure that is lower in cost Form of infrastructure that is lower in cost to maintain over its lifecycleto maintain over its lifecycle
Improves the quality of life for all Improves the quality of life for all inhabitantsinhabitants
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Green Infrastructure MAY be parks Green Infrastructure MAY be parks and large tracts of undeveloped land and large tracts of undeveloped land
that are set asidethat are set aside
HUBS
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Green Infrastructure ALSO may Green Infrastructure ALSO may be green retrofits in an urban or be green retrofits in an urban or
suburban landscapesuburban landscapeLINKS
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Links and Hubs of Green Links and Hubs of Green Infrastructure in the Urban Infrastructure in the Urban
EnvironmentEnvironment
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Eco Roof – Eco Roof – Link or Hub?Link or Hub?
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Built Green InfrastructureBuilt Green Infrastructure
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Retrofits or Planned elementRetrofits or Planned element
Green Roof Irvine CA
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Green Infrastructure Green Infrastructure opportunities are opportunities are
everywhereeverywhere LID tools facilitate the development of LID tools facilitate the development of
green infrastructure green infrastructure Open Space and Transportation corridors Open Space and Transportation corridors
provide linking elements in a green provide linking elements in a green infrastructure networkinfrastructure network
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Watershed Planning GoalsWatershed Planning Goals HydrologicHydrologic
Runoff volume and peak discharge rateRunoff volume and peak discharge rate Flood controlFlood control Water reuseWater reuse
EcologicalEcological Water quality and stream healthWater quality and stream health Habitat creationHabitat creation AntidegradationAntidegradation
Community and economic developmentCommunity and economic development Job creationJob creation User feesUser fees Historic preservationHistoric preservation DisturbanceDisturbance
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Stormwater Management GoalsStormwater Management Goals
Peak discharge rate (Q)Peak discharge rate (Q) Runoff volumeRunoff volume Water qualityWater quality Runoff durationRunoff duration Runoff frequencyRunoff frequency Groundwater rechargeGroundwater recharge
What tools are available to meet these goals?What tools are available to meet these goals?
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Highway Medians and Shoulders
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Links and HubsLinks and Hubs An organizing form idea for planning green An organizing form idea for planning green
infrastructureinfrastructure Creates an interdependent network of Creates an interdependent network of
green green Fits a watershed model of planningFits a watershed model of planning Can be implemented and maintained in Can be implemented and maintained in
sectionssections Is an opportunity for public-private Is an opportunity for public-private
partnershipspartnerships
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Green Infrastructure Form : Hubs Green Infrastructure Form : Hubs & Links& Links
HubsHubs Reserves (large protected areas)Reserves (large protected areas) Managed Native LandscapesManaged Native Landscapes Working Lands (farms, managed forests)Working Lands (farms, managed forests) Green Roofs (if large enough)Green Roofs (if large enough)
LinksLinks StreetscapesStreetscapes Water treatment swalesWater treatment swales BioretentionBioretention HighwaysHighways Green RoofsGreen Roofs
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Infrastructure needs careInfrastructure needs care
Green space is considered self-Green space is considered self-sustaining…green infrastructure implies sustaining…green infrastructure implies something that must be maintained and at something that must be maintained and at times restored.”times restored.”
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Green Infrastructure Case Study: Green Infrastructure Case Study: Coyote Creek WatershedCoyote Creek Watershed
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Courtesy E. Takata
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Coyote Creek Green Coyote Creek Green Infrastructure PrinciplesInfrastructure Principles
Start upstreamStart upstream Connect the DotsConnect the Dots Use Nature as a GuideUse Nature as a Guide All Fronts/No backsAll Fronts/No backs Manage for the Long TermManage for the Long Term Multiple ObjectivesMultiple Objectives
Low Impact Development Center 2007Courtesy E. Takata
Low Impact Development Center 2007Courtesy E. Takata
Low Impact Development Center 2007Courtesy E. Takata
Low Impact Development Center 2007Courtesy E. Takata
Low Impact Development Center 2007Courtesy E. Takata
Low Impact Development Center 2007Courtesy E.Takata
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Green Highways
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Theme AreasTheme Areas Watershed Driven StormwaterWatershed Driven Stormwater Recyclables and ReuseRecyclables and Reuse EcosystemsEcosystems
USEPA REGION 3 and FHWAhttp://www.ghp.org
Low Impact Development Center 2007Context Sensitive Solution?
Low Impact Development Center 2007www.lowimpactdevelopment.org
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Low Impact Development Center 2007
LOCATION • Either side of a closed-
section roadway (median or shoulder)
FIXED-OBJECT HAZARD? • No
EFFECTIVENESS
• Water quality MEDIUM • Volume N/A • Peak discharge LOW
STORAGE CAPACITY • None
TARGETED POLLUTANTS
• Total Suspend Solids • Fecal coliform • Oxygen depleting
substances
Figure 8.1. Gutter filter along U.S. Route 1, Mount Rainier, MD._
NCHRP LID Manual
Siting Guidelines
Materials
Hydrology Hydraulics
Treatment Train/Process
Construction
Maintenance
Safety
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Low Impact Development Center 2007
SHA Mt. Ranier Gutter FiltersSierra Club Community Award Program
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Low Impact Development Center 2007
• BioretentionBioretention • Porous PavementsPorous Pavements • Environmentally Friendly ConcreteEnvironmentally Friendly Concrete • Forest BuffersForest Buffers • Restored and Restored and StormwaterStormwater Wetlands Wetlands • Stream RestorationStream Restoration • Wildlife CrossingsWildlife Crossings • Soil AmendmentsSoil Amendments
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Links and HubsLinks and Hubs An organizing form idea for planning green An organizing form idea for planning green
infrastructureinfrastructure Creates an interdependent network of Creates an interdependent network of
green green Fits a watershed model of planningFits a watershed model of planning Can be implemented and maintained in Can be implemented and maintained in
sectionssections Is an opportunity for public-private Is an opportunity for public-private
partnershipspartnerships
Low Impact Development Center 2007
AWI Great Streets: AWI Great Streets: Nannie Helen BurroughsNannie Helen Burroughs
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Low Impact Development Center 2007
GHP/Stormwater EMS RoadmapGHP/Stormwater EMS Roadmap
APPROVAL –Management provides feedback to finalize issues, opportunities, and expected results.
1. Identify environmental issue(s) and/or opportunity(ies) to be addressed by EMS.
2. Identify desired environmental and business results and benefits.
3. Establish objectives, quantifiable measures and targets, and associated milestones.
5. Identify existing initiatives, programs, procedures, processes, and tools relevant to the EMS.
6. Identify improvements to achieve EMS objectives
4. Obtain management commitment to EMS, characterize EMS resource needs, and identify EMS leaders.
7. Assign responsibility for developing enhanced or new procedures, processes, and tools.
8. Identify personnel (by title) affected by EMS, define responsibilities, and communicate responsibilities.
9. Identify EMS-related training needs, responsibilities and schedule. Conduct the training.
10A. PROJECT REVIEWAssess EMS project performance.
10B. PERIODIC REVIEWBrief management on status in meeting objectives and targets.
11. Managers/senior management. Review progress, identify adjustments, and confirm commitments.
LEGEND: PLAN DO CHECK ACT
Low Impact Development Center 2007
◉○◉●●●Develop the technical foundation for innovative stormwater management applications in planning and design strategies
2
◉○◉●●●Develop templates and model protocols of watershed based innovative stormwater management for the Green Highways Approach
1
Conservation/ Ecosystem
Recyclable/ Reuse
Watershed DriverManagementDesignPlanningItems/Activities
mg/l (ppm)mg/l (ppm)lbs/da of UOD load
nutrients (TKN-N, NH3-N,
NO3-N+NO2-N,TP, orthophosphate)TSSBOD
• Decrease O&M cost• decrease need and frequency of mowing• reduce frequency of plant replacement• improve safety
• Maintain stream health (Erosion, channel protection, habitat diversity)• Plant trees
• Vegetative cover• Decrease runoff volume• §303d listed waters
Develop templates and model protocols of watershed based innovative stormwater management for the Green Highways Approach
PS, NPSP, W
Threshold units/valuesWater Quality
Operations & Maintenance
Natural Resource ProtectionRegulatoryActivity
Pollutant Source
Category
BenchmarkMetric
3. Annual volume of non-point source pollution (mg/l)
2. Peak Runoff Rate (Cn)
1. Annual volume of runoff (ac/ft)Acres of forestOffsite Reforestation
1
MetricMeasurement Action
GHP Metrics and Protocols
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Sustainable Communities
Economic Development
Environmental Development
Community Development
Sustainable Communities:•Green Complement Gray….
•Bridge Infrastructure Gap
•etc
Green Infrastructure
Green Highways
•Stormwater
•Recycling
•Ecosystem
•Conservation Approach
•Structural Approach
•Non-Structural Approach
Theme Areas
Programs
Programs Linkable and Expandable
Create Link
ages a
nd
Common Goals
ICLI, 1999
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Green Infrastructure EvolutionGreen Infrastructure Evolution Green Infrastructure is the community Green Infrastructure is the community
open space and infrastructure assets (e.g. open space and infrastructure assets (e.g. parks, roads, vacant land)parks, roads, vacant land)
Functional Environmental Assett Functional Environmental Assett (stormwater, energy, air)(stormwater, energy, air)
Integrated functions with the watershed Integrated functions with the watershed (e.g. hydrology, habitat, circulation)(e.g. hydrology, habitat, circulation)
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Recommendations for Local Recommendations for Local Decision MakersDecision Makers
Get development right the first timeGet development right the first time Incorporate Green Infrastructure into Incorporate Green Infrastructure into
Watershed Management PlansWatershed Management Plans Revise state and local stormwater regulationsRevise state and local stormwater regulations Establish dedicated funding that rewards green Establish dedicated funding that rewards green
infrastructure (SRF)infrastructure (SRF) Provide incentives for residential and Provide incentives for residential and
commercial developmentcommercial development
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Recommendations for Local Recommendations for Local Decision Makers (cont’d)Decision Makers (cont’d)
Review and Revise local development Review and Revise local development ordinancesordinances
Preserve existing trees, open space, and Preserve existing trees, open space, and stream buffersstream buffers
Encourage and use Smart GrowthEncourage and use Smart Growth Get the community involved!Get the community involved!
Low Impact Development Center 2007
EMS/Performance EMS/Performance Based ApproachBased Approach
Protect Environmental LegacyProtect Environmental Legacy Save Costs/Reduce ConsumptionSave Costs/Reduce Consumption Ease Regulatory BurdenEase Regulatory Burden Improve Review CyclesImprove Review Cycles
Low Impact Development Center 2007
DOT Institutional GoalsDOT Institutional Goals ComplianceCompliance StewardshipStewardship Public BenefitPublic Benefit Operational ValueOperational Value Consistency and predictabilityConsistency and predictability StreamliningStreamlining
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Regulatory GoalsRegulatory Goals Watershed Based ApproachesWatershed Based Approaches Trading Trading Context Sensitive Solutions (CSS)Context Sensitive Solutions (CSS) FlexibilityFlexibility Transparency and MeasurabilityTransparency and Measurability Economic Viability and SustainabilityEconomic Viability and Sustainability
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Opportunities and ChallengesOpportunities and Challenges
TechnicalTechnical InstitutionalInstitutionalFiscalFiscalPoliticalPolitical
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Technical ChallengesTechnical Challenges Regulatory system based on land development Best Regulatory system based on land development Best
Management Practices (BMPS)Management Practices (BMPS) Prescriptive solutions with non-structural and structural Prescriptive solutions with non-structural and structural
practices that do not address pollutant loads that are practices that do not address pollutant loads that are unique to linear systemsunique to linear systems
BMPs use is presumptive (e.g. 80% TSS removal = BMPs use is presumptive (e.g. 80% TSS removal = control of entire suite of pollutants).control of entire suite of pollutants).
Hydrologic analysis does not reflect direct and indirect Hydrologic analysis does not reflect direct and indirect impacts of linear systemsimpacts of linear systems
Current Regulatory Credit Systems not “mature” for Current Regulatory Credit Systems not “mature” for watershed approacheswatershed approaches
Define Scale and Extent of Project (watershed influence)Define Scale and Extent of Project (watershed influence)
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Technical OpportunitiesTechnical Opportunities Integration of watershed based objectives Integration of watershed based objectives
(e.g. water quality loading, CSS) into (e.g. water quality loading, CSS) into design and analysis proceduresdesign and analysis procedures
Regulatory Credit for innovative Regulatory Credit for innovative techniquestechniques
Stormwater trading and bankingStormwater trading and banking Advance monitoring science and Materials Advance monitoring science and Materials
selectionselection
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Institutional Institutional Challenges/OpportunitiesChallenges/Opportunities
Internal AwarenessInternal Awareness Training (DOT, Resource and Regulatory Training (DOT, Resource and Regulatory
Agencies)Agencies) Decision Support Systems (Process) Decision Support Systems (Process) Environmental Management System Environmental Management System
Development (Entire Operations)Development (Entire Operations) Demonstration of Success of Flexible Demonstration of Success of Flexible
ApproachesApproaches Consistent and predictable response to flexible Consistent and predictable response to flexible
and innovative solutionsand innovative solutions
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Fiscal Challenges and Fiscal Challenges and OpportunitiesOpportunities
Long-Term Support for Research and Long-Term Support for Research and TrainingTraining
Long-Term Support for Monitoring Long-Term Support for Monitoring Leveraging of Funding (Public and Private Leveraging of Funding (Public and Private
and Joint Public Agency Partnerships)and Joint Public Agency Partnerships) Funding of Maintenance Activities Funding of Maintenance Activities True Costing to Communities (Triple True Costing to Communities (Triple
Bottom Line) and DOTsBottom Line) and DOTs
Low Impact Development Center 2007
PoliticalPolitical Awareness of Context Sensitive Solutions Awareness of Context Sensitive Solutions
and Watershed Approachesand Watershed Approaches Highway “Hot Potato”Highway “Hot Potato” Inter-jurisdictionalInter-jurisdictional Funding competitionFunding competition Who gets to cut the RibbonWho gets to cut the Ribbon
Low Impact Development Center 2007
Keys to SuccessKeys to Success Strong Problem Definition and Common LanguageStrong Problem Definition and Common Language Economic Drivers = Environmental ResultsEconomic Drivers = Environmental Results Protocols, Metrics, Consistency, Adaptability (not Protocols, Metrics, Consistency, Adaptability (not
adaptive management)adaptive management) Determine User NeedsDetermine User Needs ““Address” stakeholders issuesAddress” stakeholders issues Mission may not be accomplishedMission may not be accomplished Training (everybody at the table)Training (everybody at the table) Navigate and Collaborate Navigate and Collaborate Institutions and Large ImpactsInstitutions and Large Impacts Regulatory Credit for Innovation and Flexible Regulatory Credit for Innovation and Flexible
ApproachesApproaches Pilots and Baby StepsPilots and Baby Steps
Leaving the Watershed “Better than
Before”