NEF Renewables5 th June 03HEF Conference Solar Energy NEF Renewables A Department of The National...
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Transcript of NEF Renewables5 th June 03HEF Conference Solar Energy NEF Renewables A Department of The National...
HEF Conference NEF Renewables 5th June 03
Solar EnergySolar Energy
NEF Renewables
A Department of The National Energy Foundation
Gareth EllisGareth EllisManagerManager
HEF Conference NEF Renewables 5th June 03
NEF Renewables NEF Renewables
NEF Renewables will promote and raise awareness of renewable forms of
energy; highlight their importance for a sustainable future; and encourage their development in an appropriate way,
through specific education and information programmes and services.
The National Energy Foundation is an Educational Charity based in Milton Keynes promoting the better use of energy. In 1995 it began to provide an information service on renewable energy…..
HEF Conference NEF Renewables 5th June 03
NEF RenewablesNEF Renewables
• Specialise in – Domestic
Renewables– Community
Renewables– Local Policy &
Planning
• Examples– RE for the Home– SELFSOL– PV DomSys– REST– Logpile– CRI East– LA21 Cambs, Oxon, MK,
Leics, Beds– MK Energy Strategy – Elstow New Settlement– Community Wind
Lincolnshire
Secretariat for STASecretariat for PV-UK
HEF Conference NEF Renewables 5th June 03
Solar Trade AssociationSolar Trade Associationand PV-UKand PV-UK
• Handle enquiries: phone, email, post, in person• Mail out information, members list• General admin, meeting rooms, legal advice, web
site, newsletter• Promotion of solar energy
HEF Conference NEF Renewables 5th June 03
Community Renewables InitiativeCommunity Renewables Initiative
• The Community Renewables Initiative Countryside Agency with funding from DTI.
• 10 Local Support Teams throughout England• Providing advice and support for community based renewable
energy projects.• CRI-East is the partnership of organisations providing the Local
Support Team for the East of England Region. • CRI-East includes The National Energy Foundation (NEF),
Peterborough Environmental City Trust (PECT) and Writtle College.
www.cri-east.org.uk
HEF Conference NEF Renewables 5th June 03
Solar ResourceSolar Resource
• Between 900 and 1300 KWh/m2 per year
• Enough roof space to generate current electricity demand
HEF Conference NEF Renewables 5th June 03
Solar PanelsSolar Panels Photovoltaics (PV)or Solar Water Heating?
HEF Conference NEF Renewables 5th June 03
Solar Water HeatingSolar Water Heating
• Useful in the UK for contribution towards domestic hot water (50%)
• Space heating technically feasible but usually uneconomic in UK
• Two main types of collector– Flat Plate– Evacuated Tube
HEF Conference NEF Renewables 5th June 03
Collector principlesCollector principles
Conduction loss
Radiation loss
Convection loss
Reflectionloss
Solar light
UsefulEnergy
Insu
lation
Housing
Absorber
Transparent cover
Heat transportliquid
Solar collector
Heat flow
HEF Conference NEF Renewables 5th June 03
Solar Water HeatingSolar Water Heating
FLAT PLATE COLLECTORS
HEF Conference NEF Renewables 5th June 03
Solar Water HeatingSolar Water Heating
EVACUATED TUBE COLLECTORS
HEF Conference NEF Renewables 5th June 03
Sunlight in Western EuropeSunlight in Western Europe
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
1
2
3
4
5
0
kWh/
m²/
day
Useful for solar collector
HEF Conference NEF Renewables 5th June 03
Orientation and inclinationOrientation and inclination
Rel
ativ
e ye
arly
per
form
ance
(%
)
North West South East NorthNW SW SE NE30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0°
30°
45°
60°
90°
HEF Conference NEF Renewables 5th June 03
System DesignSystem Design
Direct system Indirect system
Forced circulation Thermo siphon Integrated Collector Storage
Primary heat exchanger Primary heat exchanger Secondary heat exchanger
HEF Conference NEF Renewables 5th June 03
Closed Drainback SystemClosed Drainback System
West European climate conditions
- Freezing protection of the collector and piping
- Overheating protection of the system
- Best price performance
- Durability
- Requirements on tapwater pollution
Drainback
level
HEF Conference NEF Renewables 5th June 03
• High hot water use - eg lots of baths • Expensive water heating - LPG or electric• Willingness to do a bit of DIY• Stay around during summer• Building house, changing roof or heating system.• Done the energy efficiency bit• Long term property
Desirable:
Solar Water HeatingThings to look for:
HEF Conference NEF Renewables 5th June 03
• Water heating with storage• Roof or other space facing somewhere between east and west but not in shadow
Solar Water HeatingSolar Water HeatingThings to look for:Things to look for:
Essential:
HEF Conference NEF Renewables 5th June 03
Solar Water HeatingSolar Water Heating
• Cost £2,500 to £5,000• Cheaper if installed in new build or where
heating system or roof being replaced• Typical system covers 3 m to 4 m and
produces 1200 kWh of useful heat• DIY option
HEF Conference NEF Renewables 5th June 03
Cumulative Surface of Solar Heating Cumulative Surface of Solar Heating Collectors in Europe in 1998 Collectors in Europe in 1998 (in m(in m22))
HEF Conference NEF Renewables 5th June 03
Number of SWH Collectors installed Number of SWH Collectors installed in 1998 for 1000 inhabitants in Europein 1998 for 1000 inhabitants in Europe
HEF Conference NEF Renewables 5th June 03
Self Build Solar Self Build Solar
Self Build Solar Water Heating Systems– Reduce costs– Stimulate solar industry– Create jobs
HEF Conference NEF Renewables 5th June 03
AEE - ArbeitsgemeinschaftErneuerbare Energie
Non profit organisation working to promote renewable energy in Austria
• 1983 - First self build groups formed• 1991 - 92 - Concept transferred to Switzerland, Germany, Italy and Eastern Europe• 1998 - Transferred to UK, Portugal and Finland AEE Headquarters, Gleisdorf
HEF Conference NEF Renewables 5th June 03
'photo’ = light ‘voltaic’ = volt
Electricity = Electrons
Semi-conductors materials can release electrons if exposed to light (ex. Silicon)
Today: 98% of PV cells are made of silicon
PhotovoltaicsPhotovoltaics
HEF Conference NEF Renewables 5th June 03
Different Types of Solar CellsDifferent Types of Solar Cells
Monocrystalline
Most efficient
Polycrystalline
Very efficient
Amorphous
Cheapest
HEF Conference NEF Renewables 5th June 03
Different Types of Solar CellsDifferent Types of Solar Cells
HEF Conference NEF Renewables 5th June 03
Type of systemsType of systems
• Grid Connected
• Off-Grid
HEF Conference NEF Renewables 5th June 03
•Measures between 15-30m2
•2 to 4 kWp
•Generates between 1,500 to 3,000 kWh per year (multiply by 750)
Typical Grid Connected SystemTypical Grid Connected System
HEF Conference NEF Renewables 5th June 03
• OxfordOxford
• 4 kWp of PV Costing £25,0004 kWp of PV Costing £25,000• Produces slightly more electricity Produces slightly more electricity than house uses than house uses (around 3,000 to 3,500 (around 3,000 to 3,500 kWh/annum)kWh/annum)
HEF Conference NEF Renewables 5th June 03
Laing Homes Laing Homes DDevelopmentevelopment
• SunslatesTM • Area covered: 10 m2 to 24 m2
• Supply between 35% and 70% of each household's electricity needs
HEF Conference NEF Renewables 5th June 03
Atterbury VillageAtterbury Village
Large new-build development: 17 PV systems (36.7 kWp)
HEF Conference NEF Renewables 5th June 03
PV FacadesPV Facades
Blue PV facade, Doxford Business Park.
HEF Conference NEF Renewables 5th June 03
Production CostProduction Cost
Technology Cost/Wp Efficiency Cost/m2
Monocrystalline siliconPolycrystalline siliconAmorphous siliconCadmium TellurideCopper Indium DiselenideMarble cladding material
£ 3.50£ 2.50-3.50£ 2.00-3.50£ 3.50£ 4.00
15%8-12 %4-6 %7%9%
£ 525£ 200-420£ 80-210£ 250£ 360£ 600-1000
HEF Conference NEF Renewables 5th June 03
Installed CostInstalled Cost
• £6-7/Watt
• 2kWp system: £12-14K
• A grant is now available:
0800 298 3978www.solarpvgrants.co.uk
HEF Conference NEF Renewables 5th June 03
• Satellites
• Calculator
• Navigation bouys
• Boats
• Buildings
• Lighting
• Car park ticket machines
• And so on………
Off Grid ApplicationsOff Grid Applications
HEF Conference NEF Renewables 5th June 03
Street FurnitureStreet Furniture
Bus Shelter
Parking meter
HEF Conference NEF Renewables 5th June 03
PV can power electricity for street lights removing need for cable laying in street.
Street LightingStreet Lighting
HEF Conference NEF Renewables 5th June 03
PV equipment allows power on the move for today’s mobile electronic appliances
Small ScaleSmall Scale
HEF Conference NEF Renewables 5th June 03
Garden light
Solar fountain
Solar ventilator
For the garden…For the garden…
HEF Conference NEF Renewables 5th June 03
PV-DomsysPV-Domsys
•Marketing campaign •Training for planners, building control officers…•Local training for electricians, roofers•Negotiations with local housing developers,
electricity companies and financers•Establishing local demonstration projects•Organising exhibitions and presentation evenings•Monitoring of installations
Encourage the take-up of photovoltaic (solar electric) Encourage the take-up of photovoltaic (solar electric)
systems in the South East Region at a domestic levelsystems in the South East Region at a domestic level
HEF Conference NEF Renewables 5th June 03
Grants for Solar EnergyGrants for Solar Energy
•Solar PV Grants-www.solarpvgrants.org.uk-0800 298 3978
•Solar Thermal Grants-www.clear-skies.org-08702 430 930
HEF Conference NEF Renewables 5th June 03
Level of PV GrantLevel of PV Grant
£20 million over 3 years
• Public bodies, L.A.s, housing associations 60%
• SMEs and homes 50%
• Large profit making organisations 40%
HEF Conference NEF Renewables 5th June 03
PV GrantPV Grant
• Stream 1 – individual/small applications 500Wp to 5kWp
• Stream 2 – large scale domestic or non domestic of 5kWp to 100kWp dealt with in three-monthly tranches.
• Grid connected
• BIPV on new and refurbished buildings, both domestic and non domestic
• Also non integrated retrofit installations
HEF Conference NEF Renewables 5th June 03
PV TargetsPV Targets
• 3,000 domestic/small installations (6 MW)– 1500 Stream 1– 1500 Stream 2 clusters at 140 sites
• 140 medium or large scale non domestic installations (3 MW) (Stream 2)
• Training and accreditation for 250 installers
HEF Conference NEF Renewables 5th June 03
Clear Skies – Solar ThermalClear Skies – Solar Thermal
• Community Grants– lower of 50% of installed cost or
£100k regardless of technology
• Feasibility studies – 75% of costs (max £10k)