NEESPI Research of Dry Land Processes

Chen XiZhang JiebinXinjiang Institute of

Ecology and Geography, CAS

NEESPI Summit, 3-4 May 2007, Helsinki, Finland

Research Scope

Focus One

Integrated Ecosystem Assessment of West China

(MAWEC)

Leading Scientist: Liu Jiyuan

Focus Two

Land use and land cover change in Xinjiang over past 50 years and its

ecological effects

Leading Scientist: Chen Xi

LUCC data in the raster format

1171 relief maps at the scale of1:100 000 in the 1950-1960s’

1970’s 112 MSS images

Xinjiang TM Image mosaic in 1990 from 112 Landsat TM scenes

Xinjiang ETM Image mosaic in 2000 from 111 Landsat ETM scenes

LUCC in Xinjiang in the Vector Format

Xinjiang’s LUCC maps in the 1960s (left) and 2000s (right)

Drivers

山区温度

- 10123

1961 1965 1969 1973 1977 1981 1985 1989 1993 1997年

温度

/°C

山区降水

250350450550

1961 1965 1969 1973 1977 1981 1985 1989 1993 1997年

降水

/mm

河流径流

2025303540

1961 1965 1969 1973 1977 1981 1985 1989 1993 1997年

径流

/108 m3

Temperature

Precipitation

Runoff

In the 1990’s

the average annual temperature increased by 0.78℃,

annual precipitation increased by 12~15% in the mountainous regions and by 30~40% in the plain areas

annual runoff volume increased by 19.4%

Ecological Effects

- 80. 00

- 60. 00

- 40. 00

- 20. 00

0. 001978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 年

地下水埋深（m)

S3号观测井S58号观测井S4号观测井17号观测井

- 16. 00

- 12. 00

- 8. 00

- 4. 00

0. 001978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 年

地下水埋深（m)

7号观测井8号观测井12号观测井S18号观测井

The groundwater table was declining at an average annual rate of 20-45cm in the alluvial fanThe groundwater table was very slowly rising at an average annual rate of 2-7cm in the alluvial plain

The mineralization of groundwater was relative stable in the alluvial fan oasis，usually <0.5g/l

generally rising in the alluvial plain oasis, indeed worse >2g/l

图 2 矿化度变化趋势Fig.1 Trend of mineralization

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

1986 1988 1990 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001

矿化

度（

mg/

l）上部 中部下部

Mountain lakes seldom influenced by human-induced LUCCLakes in the Middle reaches ( for example Bosten lake) doubly influenced by the runoff in the mountain and LUCC in the plain: dynamic water table and mineralizationLakes in the lower reaches reduced usually, most dry up.

1 04 5

1 04 6

1 04 7

1 04 8

1 04 9

1 95 6 1 9 60 1 9 6 4 19 6 8 1 97 2 1 9 76 19 8 0 1 98 4 1 9 8 8 1 9 9 2 19 9 6 2 0 00

年平

均水

位(m

)

00 .20 .40 .60 .8

11 .21 .41 .61 .8

2

1958 1962 1966 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002

矿化

度(g

/l)

2 0

2 5

3 0

3 5

4 0

4 5

5 0

5 5

6 0

19 5 6 1 96 0 1 9 6 4 1 9 6 8 1 9 7 2 1 9 7 6 1 9 8 0 1 9 8 4 1 9 8 8 1 9 9 2 1 99 6 2 00 0

年径

流量

（10

8 m3 ）

1 04 5

1 04 6

1 04 7

1 04 8

1 04 9

1 95 6 1 9 60 1 9 6 4 19 6 8 1 97 2 1 9 76 19 8 0 1 98 4 1 9 8 8 1 9 9 2 19 9 6 2 0 00

年平

均水

位(m

)

00 .20 .40 .60 .8

11 .21 .41 .61 .8

2

1958 1962 1966 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002

矿化

度(g

/l)

2 0

2 5

3 0

3 5

4 0

4 5

5 0

5 5

6 0

19 5 6 1 96 0 1 9 6 4 1 9 6 8 1 9 7 2 1 9 7 6 1 9 8 0 1 9 8 4 1 9 8 8 1 9 9 2 1 99 6 2 00 0

年径

流量

（10

8 m3 ）

Wat er Level Change of t he Bost en l ake

Mineralization change in the Bosten lake

Runoff change in the Kaidu reiver

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

东疆 准北 准南 伊犁 塔北 塔西 塔南 全疆

80年代初( ear l y 1980s)90年代末( l at e 1990s)

g/kg

Change of organic matter content in seven regions in the past 20 years

东疆：The east area of Xinjiang; 准北：The north area of Jungar Basin;准南：The south area of Jungar Basin; 伊犁：Yili area;塔北：The north area of Tarim Basin;塔西：The west area of Tarim Basin;塔南：The south area of Tarim Basin

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

东疆 准北 准南 伊犁 塔北 塔西 塔南 全疆

80年代初( ear l y 1980s)90年代末( l at e 1990s)

mg/k

g

The change of available nitrogen content in seven regions in the past 20 years

东疆：The east area of Xinjiang; 准北：The north area of Jungar Basin;准南：The south area of Jungar Basin; 伊犁：Yili area;塔北：The north area of Tarim Basin;塔西：The west area of Tarim Basin;塔南：The south area of Tarim Basin

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

东疆 准北 准南 伊犁 塔北 塔西 塔南 全疆

80年代初( ear l y 1980s)90年代末( l at e 1990s)

mg/k

g

The change of available phosphorus content in seven regions in the past 20 years

东疆：The east area of Xinjiang; 准北：The north area of Jungar Basin;准南：The south area of Jungar Basin; 伊犁：Yili area;塔北：The north area of Tarim Basin;塔西：The west area of Tarim Basin;塔南：The south area of Tarim Basin

Focus Three

Aeolian Desertification in ChinaLeading Scientist: Wang Tao

Aeolian Dust and Its Impact on Environment and Climate (ADEC) (Sino-Japan Joint

Project)Leading Scientist: Zhou Hongfei

ADEC Monitoring Network

Network observation at 10 Network observation at 10 sites;sites; FFrom 80 E to 140 Erom 80 E to 140 E

Dust outbreak mechanism

Dust Dust outbreak outbreak mechanismmechanism

In situ ObservationIn situ Observation Network Observation

Network Observation

GCM Dust ModelGlobal dust supply for the

past 50 years

GCM Dust ModelGlobal dust supply for the Global dust supply for the

past 50 yearspast 50 yearsLidar, Radiometer, and Sampler Net.

Long-range Transport

LidarLidar, Radiometer, , Radiometer, and Sampler Net. and Sampler Net.

LongLong--range range TransportTransport

Dust Radiative forcing

Global Supply

Dust Radiative forcing

Global Supply

ADEC ADEC FirstFirst SStagetage

ADEC 2nd ADEC 2nd SStagetage

Former G1

In situ Obs..

Former G2

Network Obs.

Former G3

Model development

VerificationVerification

DataDataHow much (ton /Km2) is the dust supply from desert?

How much (W/m2) is the radiativeforcing of dust?

Dust supply to the atmosphere from

desert by use of in situobservation and

model

Observation and analysis of

radiative forcing of aeolian dust and its optical characteristcs

Model study and historical data analysis

VerificationVerification

Focus Four

Environmental Changes and Socio-Economic Consequence in Mongolian

Plateau Region

Leading Scientist: Lin Zhen

Cooperation Framework

LUCC, Drivers and Impact

Focus Five

LUCC, Drivers and Impact in Central Asia

Leading Scientists: Chen Xi

Research Scope

Population:60 000 000Area: 4000 000km2

Data base in the Central Asia

CBERS/IRS/SPOT

MODIS/NOAA/GMS

Fukang Desert Ecosystem Station

MODIS/ NOAA Receiving systems, which can receive images covering the Central Asia

5.8 m IRS images covering the most areas of the Central Asia

15 m Landsat ETM images covering the entire Central Asia

International Station for Altai Mountain EcosystemInternational Station for Altai Mountain Ecosystem

Kazakh Station for Desert- steppe EcosystemKazakh Station for Desert- steppe Ecosystem

Test Zone for the CA

Networking

Focus Six

Institutional Framework, Partnership and Arrangement

Institutional Framework

NEESPI InternationalNEESPI International

Regional FRC for Dry Land Processes StudiesRegional FRC for Dry Land Processes Studies

Chinese Partners:Chinese Partners:

Relevant Institutes of the CASRelevant Institutes of the CASRelevant UniversitiesRelevant Universities

Relevant Bureaus of Relevant Bureaus of CompetentCompetentMinistries and Provincial Ministries and Provincial

GovernmentsGovernments

Related International Related International Partners:Partners:

need to be identifiedneed to be identified

Common InterestsArrangement

DonorsNetworking

Sharing &Exchange