Nederpop Dicky Gilbers What is Pop Music; what are the sources? 50s Rock and Roll No Dutch R ‘n’...
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Transcript of Nederpop Dicky Gilbers What is Pop Music; what are the sources? 50s Rock and Roll No Dutch R ‘n’...
NederpopDicky Gilbers
• What is Pop Music; what are the sources?• 50s Rock and Roll• No Dutch R ‘n’ R• Radio Veronica• Waves in Pop• 60s -70s: The Dutch follow• 80: “Pop in je moerstaal”• 90: The Dutch lead: Dance & Gabber• 2005: Nederpop State of Art
Outline
• Pop = Popular Music
definition 60 -70: music from and for young people
• in the eyes of admirers of serious music: foolishness that will pass
• it didn’t!• not restricted to young people anymore
What is Pop Music ?
• Why do we start Pop Music in the 50s?
50s: post-war prosperity; standard of life higher
young people emancipate
• youth: physical maturity earlier; social maturity later• more independent• they are a new “audience” and they want their own
sub-culture; their own clothes and music
What is Pop Music?
• History Lesson: every time when a new audience emancipates, this is accompanied by a new kind of music:
• emancipation Christians: Gregorian music• 10th -11th century: rise of nobility: secular music by
troubadours• 16th-17th century: rise of the upper middle classes:
concerts; opera• early 19th century: rise of the lower middle classes:
light music; songs• early 20th century: rise of the working classes: jazz• 50s: rise of the adolescents: rock and roll; pop
• New music should be simple, but different enough to be peculiar to the group; made by the same kind of people: simple, spontaneous adolescents enjoying life (Spectrum, Muzieklexicon Th. Willemze)
• simple, rebellious, exciting (Spectrum, Popmuziek, JvdPlas)
• early 50s: Jazz -just like classical music - had developed too
far; the artistic level was too high for a large audience• early 50s: The traditional commercial music (Doris Day-Frank
Sinatra) was music for your parents• Breeding ground for new music: Rock and Roll
Characteristics of ‘new music’:
Rock ‘n’ Roll
Little Richard
• from 1900:– Ragtime; Gospel; Blues & Folk
Pop Music: The Sources
Southern States of USA
• from 1900:– Ragtime; Gospel; Blues & Folk
– ragtime developed into New Orleans and Chicago Jazz
Ragtime: classical harmonies;
characteristic: virtuosity, syncopic piano playing
Scott Joplin: The Entertainer
Pop Music: The Sources
• from 1900:– Ragtime; Gospel; Blues & Folk
Gospel: religious, part-singing music;
characteristic: question-answer singing
Pop Music: The Sources
John & Alan Lomax Recordings
influence on doowop music
• from 1900:– Ragtime; Gospel; Blues & Folk
Blues: simple songs of lamentation, accompanied by guitar or piano (Southern states USA);
characteristic: three chords; 12 bars; AAB lyrics
Robert Johnson: Ramblin’ on my mind
1912-1938
Pop Music: The Sources
developed into Rhythm & Blues
• from 1900:– Ragtime; Gospel; Blues & Folk
Folk: Originally, folk music on rhyme carried over from generation to generation; simple accompaniment
Woody Guthrie (1940): Goin’ down the road feelin’ bad
Pop Music: The Sources
developed into Country & Western
• 1950:• Rock ‘n’ Roll allegedly developed from
Rhythm & Blues and Country & Western (Louis Jordan) (Hank
Williams)
Rock ‘n’ Roll
• ..that is a simplification:
• Rock and roll was an inevitable outgrowth of the social and musical interactions between blacks and whites in the South and Southwest. Its roots are a complex tangle.
(source: Rolling Stone History of R&R)
• Gospel influenced Blues Dutch participation?
• Blues influenced Folk
• Black pop and blues influenced Jazz, etc.
Rock ‘n’ Roll
Rock ‘n’ Roll
Chuck Berry
Jerry Lee Lewis Carl PerkinsEverly Brothers
1936-1959
Buddy Holly Little Richard
1956-1958: Elvis Presley
Jailhouse rock, 1957
Mystery train
Colonel Tom Parker
Dutchman:
Andreas Cornelius Van Kuijk (1909-1997)
DJs Alan Freed & Dick Clark
• National DJs brought R ‘n’ R to the youth (payola)
Philadelphia
American Bandstand
1953: Cleveland Radio:
Moondog Show
1954: New York:
WINS
Commercial R ‘n’ R
• New music always starts as simple and exciting music
• New music always starts as simple and exciting music
• As soon as this music seems to be marketable, the music industry interferes
Commercial R ‘n’ R
• New music always starts as simple and exciting music
• As soon as this music seems to be marketable, the music industry interferes
• They get rid of the rough edges and the music will be brought tailor-made to the largest possible audience
In 1959 the exciting R ‘n’ R was all over
Commercial R ‘n’ R
Early 60s
Fabian
Annette Funicello
Connie FrancisDJ Dick Clark
With Fabian, Brian Hyland, Frankie Avalon, Billy Fury, Bobby Vee, Annette Funicello, Eddie Hodges, Connie Francis, Ray Peterson, Lesley Gore, Cliff Richard, etc. back to the times of Doris Day
The Netherlands
Pop in the Netherlands before ‘56
1920s: The Ramblers cf. The Big Bands of Duke Ellington
and Count Basie
Popular in the Netherlands in and after the war:
Eddy ChristianiJohnny & Jones
Kilima Hawaians
Eddy Christiani
imported the first electric guitar
Dutch R ‘n’ R?
Radio didn’t play R ‘n’ R: no Alan Freeds & Dick ClarksNo proper recording studios (American hits covered)
The Fouryo’s
Peter en zijn RocketsRia Valk (no difference with e.g. Eddy Christiani)
Peter Koelewijn
59
Indo Rock
Tielman Brothers (since 1956)
Andy’s boogie
The Blue Diamonds
Till I kissed you
(1960) Ramona
Tielman Brothers
The Hague
Driebergen
Indonesian bands brought exciting music to The Hague
Early 60s
Cliff Richard & The Shadows were quite popular
– Rob de Nijs & The Lords - Ritme van de regen (1963)
– Johnny Lion & The Jumping Jewels - Sophietje (1965)
There were no teen stars; the artists were loved by young and old
Dutch popmusic didn’t start in the 50s; it started in 1964
1962
LiverpoolG11sus4
Merseybeat 1962-1965
The Beatles The Swinging Blue Jeans The Searchers
Gerry & the Pacemakers
February 9 1964: Beatles performed twice on the Ed Sullivan show
March 1964: Billboard ‘Hot 100’#1 Can’t buy me love
#2 Twist and shout
#3 She loves you
#4 I want to hold your hand
#5 Please please me
Beat Conquers the World
Interest from the rest of the world including The Netherlands
Beatlemania
Beat in The Netherlands
June 5 1964: Beatles in Holland– performance in Blokker: 25 minutes– first singles were no hits in the Netherlands; now Beatlemania– end of 64: She loves you & I want to hold your hand were the first hits– Willem Duys refused to let the Beatles perform on the famous
Grand Gala du Disque show for Hfl. 1500 (too expensive)
August 8 1964: Rolling Stones in Kurhaus– after a couple of minutes they were forced to stop, because fans
smashed up the furniture– support act The Ricochets (Robbie van Leeuwen) a.o.
Radio Pirates
• Radio: Dutch Public Radio Broadcast didn’t play R ‘n’ R
however: Radio London
Radio Caroline
reached the Dutch youth
Radio Veronica
owners: Bull, Dirk & Jaap Verweij
offshore station (Scheveningen) 1960: programming conventional
broadcasting from international waters
1964: programme director Joost den Draaijer noticed the success of Radio Caroline & Radio London
He got permission to set up a commercial
radio station programming Pop Music
Willem van Kooten (Joost den Draaijer)
Veronica
First Hitparade Jan. 1965Beatles on 1 (I feel fine)
Popular DJs: Lex Harding, Tineke de Nooij, Tom Collins, Rob Out
They also played a lot of original Dutch Music (payola)Television
Beat from Holland
The Hague: Beat city #1
Golden Earrings
The Hague
Q65Motions
London 1965: Mods
Carnaby street
TwiggyVespa
Stax
Beat from HollandThe Hague
Motions
We fell in love (b-side)
It’s gone (#39 in Top 40 for 1 wk)
Wasted words
Everything that’s mine (recorded in England)
Why don’t you take it
64
65
66
Beat from Holland
Golden Earrings
The Hague
Please go
That day
Sound of a screaming day
Dong-dong-diki-digi-dong
Just a little bit of piece in my heart
Not to find
Started in 1961
Still Active
Same Line up since 1969
65
66
67
68
Beat from Holland
Q65
You’re the victor
The life I live
Cry in the night (b-side)
(cf. Pretty Things )
I despise you
From above
65
66
67
The Hague
Beat from Holland
ZoeterwoudeVoorburg
Delft
na-Na-na Capital punishment
True love that’s a wonder
flower power: Not just a flower in your hair
We will be there after tea
Joint house blues
Love song to Mother Nature
Hu & The Hilltops: Cry me a river Don’t you leave
Tee Set
After TeaSandy CoastShoes
71
The Hague & neighbourhood
Beat from HollandAmsterdam
ZZ & De Maskers
Hunters
ZenIk heb genoeg van jou
Dracula
Brand new Caddilac
Russian Spy and I
Ik heb geen zin om op te staan
flower power: Hair
Johnny and his Cellar Rockers
Beat from HollandAmsterdam
Outsiders
Lying all the time
Thinkin’ about today (b-side)
(Drums & Guitars speeded up)
cf. Beatles
Keep on trying
That’s your problem (b-side)
Touch
66
Relax label
Willem Duys
Beat from the Province
Baarn
Oude Pekela
Eindhoven
Such a cad
I’ll go crazy
Roadrunner
Someday I’m somebody
cf. Pretty Things
Flower Power
Most groups transformed from beat groups (1966) into flower power acts (1967) (or disappeared)
Outsiders 1967:Summer is here
Motions 1967: You’re my adee
Les Baroques 1967: Love is the sun
Groep 1950: Mother no head
Dragonfly: Celestial dreams
Mod Motions
Flower Power Motions
Protest Songs
influenced by
Bob Dylan
Boudewijn de Groot:
Welterusten meneer de President
Het land van Maas en Waal
Waterdrager
Armand: Ben ik te min
Blues from HollandGrolloBeverwijk
‘t Gooi
Voorburg
Margio
When people talk
Wang dang doodle
cf. Blues Magoos
Ridin’ on the L&N The Dutch Rolling Stones
There was also a strong blues (rock) wave; influenced by John Mayall; John Lee Hooker; Willy Dixon, etc.
Flavium
Blues from HollandGrollo
Zwolle
You can’t leave the past behind
Blues Dimension
Get ready
Somebody will know someday
Distant smile Simple man
Window of my eyes Sometimes
Soul from HollandRotterdam
Swinging Soul Machine
Free
Spooky’s day off
Lonesome tree
Old Black Magic
Keep in touch
The Machine
Casey & The Pressure Group
PalingpopVolendam
Sure he’s a cat
One way windEels for Airplay
Hits from Holland 1970
Venus
#1 in US
#3 in Holland
Tee Set - Ma belle amie
George Baker Selection- Little green bag
Shocking Blue
69
69
Jerry Ross Colossus Records
Hits from Holland 69-70
Venus
(bubble gum)
cf. Who Beatles
The Big Three
Mighty Joecf. Everly Brothers
Love Buzz
cf. Nirvana
Galaxy-Lin: no guitars
Shocking Blue
69
70
From Down Under & The Hague
Easybeats (with Dutchmen Harry Vanda (Berg) & Dicky Diamond)
Friday on my mind
Good time
1966
Harry vd Berg: 1st Dutch composer with an international Beat-Hit
1. It starts as simple, energetic, rebellious music
2. It develops: higher artistic levels
3. It gets too serious and too complicated for a large audience (cf. development of Jazz: )
Waves in Pop
Exotic instruments in Pop: cf. Indian sitar in ‘Norwegian wood’
‘Classic’ instruments in ‘In my life’ ??
Baroque
Progressive Rock
Pop Music changed fast: in the late sixties/early seventies progressive rock emerged
hard-rock/blues rock: Cream-Led Zeppelin
symphonic rock: Yes-Genesis
folk rock: Fairport Convention-Strawbs
Dutch bands followed
Symphonic Rock
Ekseption: Peace Planet
cf. Nice/ELP
Alquin: Wheelchair Groupie
LA Rendez-vous
Kayak: Mammoth
Starlight Dancer
Solution: Chappaqua
Supersister: She was naked
Earth & Fire: Seasons
Wild and exciting
70
73
74
70
69
73
Progressive Rock
Melodic hard-rock: Down Man
Dark Rose
To you
Between alpha and omega
House of the king
Hocus Pocus
Sylvia
69
70
72
73
Progressive Rock
Kaz Lux: Miss Franklin Blues
Eli (with Jan Akkerman)
Tranquilizers
Early 70s Rock
Blue Planet - I’m going man I’m going Golden Earring became a very successful
hard-rock group
1973: Radar Love
1982: Twilight Zone
70
Folk Rock
Looking for the constituent
parts of R ‘n’ R
separately
CCC Inc.: Jigsaw Puzzle
cf. Incredible StringbandFungus: Kaap’ren Varen
cf. Steeleye Span
7175
“In je moerstaal” 70s
Bots
Cornelis Vreeswijk
Polle Eduard
Pioneers
Veronica vs. Noordzee
Alarmschijf vs. TreiterschijfPublisher Nanada Music Publisher Basartowned by Van Kooten they co-owned Radio Noordzee
it was possible to make deals
with the commercial stations
The Dutch Government wanted to close the stations down, but tolerated the pirates
probably because of their popularityWillem van Kooten (Joost den Draaijer)
Corruption
Veronica vs. Noordzee
Veronica paid Noordzee Hfl 1.000.000 to cease broadcasting
They accepted, but continued broadcasting
1971: Attack on Radio Noordzee: engine room exploded
it turned out to be by order of Bull Verweij, the director of Veronica
The End: August 31st 1974
Bull VerweijRob Out
Also the end for a lot of theprogressive Dutch Rock Bands
Rivals
Hilversum III
Hilversum didn’t play
ProgRock music
Some bands changed their repertoire:BZN: from rock to commercial pop (cp)
George Baker Selection: from Tex-Mex to cp
Dizzy Man’s Band: from progrock to cp
70
66 76
74
it was not possible to make deals with the commercial stations (?)
72 75
Split Pop - Rock
Vandenbergjoined Whitesnake
Dieselnot a hit in the Netherlands
hit in America 80
7078
74
Pop bands had the hits; Rock bands became more and more
underground bands
82
International Hits
Bas Muys - the Dutch John LennonSinger of the Dutch group Smyle - It’s gonna be alright
(because they already had a hit record in the Netherlands, the English group Smile was forced to change their name)
80
77
76
producer Jaap Eggermondex-Golden Earrings drummer
• 1976: superstars such as Mick Jagger, Rod Stewart & Elton John play soccer stadiums
• Symphonic Rock (Yes, Genesis, Camel) became boring:
Rick Wake-me-up-when-it’s-over-man• Commercial Disco is not meant for music lovers: I'm a dancing fool (Zappa)• Economic and social crisis in England
breeding ground for the punk revolution
Panic for the generation who reacted from the music of the former generation and thought that pop music was theirs
State of affairs in 1976-1977
When pop music becomes too pretentious or commercial, there will always be a tendency for simplification: back to simple structures; simple chords and above all back to fun
second generation conflict
Punk
Rock ‘n’ Roll has to be fun; street music
no artistic pretensions
elementary, loud music
aggressive lyrics
Ripped clothes; colored hair; safety pins
London
The Punk movement finished off most of the pretentious groups of the 70s:
Pop magazines focus on New Wave and the trendy public drops bands such as Camel, Yes, Caravan, ELP, etc. (Dinosaurs)
1976-1977
Punk Revolution
cf. Romantics not another world war (punk)
habba dabba wiri kiri (ska)
pretpunk ’80s
Ivy Green
Urban Heroes
The Meteors
The Rousers
Dutch Punk is underground music;
not on Hilversum III; no hits
Flying Spiderz Speedtwins
Ferdinand Bakker (Alquin)
Boegies
86
Groninger Springtij 78-79
White Honey: Nothing going on in the city
Wild Romance:
Rock ‘n’ Roll Junkie
Saturday night
Phoney & The Hardcore:
Pick up
New Adventures:
Come on
albums by Plant; Streetbeats; Boozy; Djinn ; Plot
Pub Rock
78
79
79
79
79
Herman Brood
By order of the municipality pubs had to close after midnight unless they had live music
Pub Rock vs. Disco
Vitesse Rosalin
Powerplay Make it alone
Gruppo Sportivo Superman
Hey Girl
Time Bandits Endless Road
Fox the Fox Precious Little Diamond
77
78
82
82
Sweet d’Buster
Mr Albert Show
Still believe
It takes a lot of time
No more cricket
Transister: The Clock
Traditional
78
Nits
Yes or No
Tutti Ragazzi
Nescio
In the Dutch Mountains
From New Wave to Typical
European Art Rock
87
79
Merseybeat
cf. Kraftwerk
Tapes
Mecano
Doe Maar:
Is dit alles
Doris Day
De Bom
cf. Police Ska
Frank Boeijen: Kronenburg park
Het Goede Doel: België
Toontje lager
82
Toontje lager 83
Tröckener Kecks
83The Scene 90
“In je moerstaal” 80s
MTV
expensive clips; multi-media total productsless chances for Dutch rock bands; low budgets
1981
80s
Fatal Flowers
Bettie Serveert
I Spy International Feel
The Dutch This is Welfare
Another Sunny Day
Claw boys claw
not on MTV or Hilversum III; no hits
1975: share national product in hitparade 30%
1989: 12%
Weekend at Waikiki
Social Security
Dialects
Normaal cf. Status Quo
Skik cf. Booker T.
Rowwen Hèze cf. Los Lobos
Twarres De Kast01
77
96
Skik
Normaal
Rowwen HèzeTwarres
no international pretensions
“In je moerstaal” 90s-00s
Acda & De Munnik
Marco Borsato
René FrogerMotown Rhythm
André Hazes
Commercial Pop on Hilversum III; hits
Gerard Joling
Gordon
“In je moerstaal” 90s-00s
Mag het licht uit
Als ze er niet isLaat het vanavond gebeuren cf. Neville Bros
De Dijk
Van Dik Hout
9494
Blöf cf.
Counting Crows
hard working bands
Dance
1988: House - Hiphop
1990: Techno
1992: Gabber
1993: 2 Unlimited
2001: DJ Tiësto
2 Unlimited
Def Rhymz DJ TiëstoPostmenAli BOsdorp Posse
Brainpower
Vengaboys
(inter)national success
third generation conflict
Cross-Over
Urban Dance Squad Fast Lane
Deeper Shade of Soul
cf. Run DMC
89
Cross-Over
Junkie XL + Elvis02
international success
State of Art
Complete Control
Star maker
Idols Pop rivals
Jamai 03 Boris 04
at this moment: back to 1960
1st Prize:
#1 hit
Girl power 90s
Nobody’s wife
Are U Kiddin’ me
Ilse de Lange
Total Touch
Ellen ten Damme
Anouk
hope for the future
90
Candy Dulfer
Bands 00sCaesar
04The YearlingsKane
Di-rect
Spinvis
Independent labels: Excelsior
Bands produce records on their own
Club circuit seems dead
Gothic 1998
Lemming (pre Gothic)
Within Temptation
Subculture Image
Sounds like 70s symphonic rock
74
State of ArtWaiting for new excitement
Development of dance
Cross-over
Change Programming Public Radio
Teach the Radio DJs
New (Internet) Radio Stations
State of ArtHyves/MySpace
Sellaband: try to find “believers in you”
(worldwide on the net) who’ll finance your album
Major companies only sign acts if they share the rights
on merchandising/gigs
NederpopDicky Gilbers
Popquiz
1962
Biggest hits in the Netherlands in 1962:
• Willy Scholten - Mexico• Connie Froboess - Zwei kleiner Italiener• Anneke Grönloh - Brandend zand ; Paradiso
Early 60s
Television
• Television: Youth Programs:
tijd voor teenagers; tieners en twens; top of flop; tussen 10+ en 20-
Herman Stok
Radio