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NECK MUSCLES, THEIR INNERVATION,
OSTEOFASCIAL COMPARTMENTS; MAIN
TOPOGRAPHIC REGIONS IN THE NECK.
VASCULAR and NERVOUS STEMS in
the NECK.
Ivo Klepáček
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Vymezení oblasti krku Extent of the neck region
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Sensitive areas V3., plexus
cervicalis
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Svaly krku
musculi colli
neck muscles
1. platysma
2. Sternocleidomastoid m. STCLM
3. Suprahyoid muscles
4. Infrahyoid muscles
5. Scaleni muscles
6. Deep neck muscles
division
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Platysma - subcutaneous m.
It lies on investing neck fascia
is innervated from r. colli nervi facialis
controlls tension of neck skin
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proc. mastoideus
manubrium sterni, clavicula
n.accessorius (XI) + branches
from cervical plexus
M. sternocleidomastoideus
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m. trapezius protuberantia
occipitalis
externa až Th 12
clavicle,
akromion, spina
scapulae
n. accessorius
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Wilhelm Heinrich
Erb (1840 - 1921),
a German
neurologist
Punctum nervosum
(Erb's point) is formed
by the union of the C5 and
C6 nerve roots, which later
converge, also with branches
of suprascapular nerves and
the nerve to the subclavius
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Ventrally: it is possible
palpate nervous
and vascular neck bundles
+ deep cervical nodes
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Structures
medially from
muscular belly
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Torticollis Wryneck
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mm.
suprahyoidei
et mm.
infrahyoidei
suprahyoid
and
infrahyoid
muscles
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Suprahyoid muscles
mm. suprahyoidei - overview
m. mylohyoideus (2) Mylohyoid nerve from
third branch of V (V3.)
m. digastricus (1, 4) • Mylohyoid nerve from
third branch of V (V3)
• n. facialis
m. geniohyoideus • C1, C2, hypoglossal
nerve
m. stylohyoideus (3) • Facial nerve
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m. mylohyoideus
Mylohyoid line and
mylohyoid raphe
Hyoid body
Mylohyoid nerve
(from mandibular n.
from CN V.)
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m. geniohyoideus
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Lingual nerve and
submandibular duct
are crossed above
dorsal margine of this
muscle
Lingual process of the
submandibular gland
arms its dorsal
margine.
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m. digastricus
Anterior belly
from inner
mandibular surface
(fossa digastrica)
N. mylohyoideus
(from mandibular
nerve V3)
Posterior belly
to the mastoid notch
(incisura mastoidea)
N. facialis
to hyoid bone (os
hyoideum)
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M.
stylohyoideus • Styloid
process
• Splitted into
two parts; to the
body of the hyoid
bone
n. facialis
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m. geniohyoideus • Spina mentalis
mandibulae
• corpus ossis
hyoidei, hyoid
body
Hypoglossal
nerve (fibers
from C1)
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m. geniohyoideus Spina mentalis
mandibulae
Hyoid body -
Corpus ossis
hyoidei
Hypoglossal
nerve , CN XII.
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Septum styloideum
Styloid septum
arteria carotis externa
external carotid artery
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Septum styloideum
Styloid septum
arteria carotis externa
external carotid artery
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Septum styloideum
Styloid septum
arteria carotis externa
external carotid artery
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Septum
styloideum
Styloid septum
Dorsal view on
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Infrahyoid
muscles
mm. infrahyoidei
- overview
m. sternohyoideus (7)
m. sternothyroideus(8)
m. thyrohyoideus (9)
m. omohyoideus (6)
Innervation by cervical
nerves C1 – C3
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m. sternohyoideus
Dorsal surface of the manubrium sterni, clavicle Body of the hyoid bone
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m. sternothyroideus
Dorsal surface of sternum cartilago thyroidea
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m. thyrohyoideus
From thyroid cartilage To greater horns of the hyoid bone
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m. omohyoideus
Superior margine of scapula Body of the hyoid bone
Between bellies there is tendinous bundle – biventer muscle
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Tooth development and eruption
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Scaleni muscles
m. scalenus anterior (1a)
m. scalenus medius (1b)
m. scalenus posterior
(1c)
innervation C2 – C8
Unilateral action:
lateroflexion
Rotation to the
contralateral side
Bilateral action:
Ventral flexion in
cervical segments
Ribs 1 and 2 are lifted
a b
c
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Fissura scalenorum
scalenic fissure
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m. longus capitis (1) Basis
ossis occipitalis (ventrálně od for. magnum)
Procc. transversi C3-6 (tuber. ventralia)
ventral flexion
m. longus colli (2)
cervical vertebral column is
flexed
m. rectus capitis lateralis
(3)
ventrally curved
m. rectus capitis
anterior (4)
forward direction
3
4
mm. praevertebrales
Innervation of
both the
muscles from
ventral branch
C1-3
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mm. praevertebrales
M. longus colli
Pars recta
• Ventral part of the body C2-4
• Ventral part of the body C5-7
and T1-4
Pars obliqua superior
• anterior tubercle C1
• Transverse procc. C3-5
(Anterior tubercles)
Pars obliqua inferior
• Transverse procc. C5-6
(anterior tubercles)
• Ventral part of the body T1-3
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Trigonum
scalenovertebrale
Scalenovertebral
triangle
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Tooth development and eruption Prevertebral
fascia
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Suboccipital muscles
(deep nuchal) and short
back muscles between C1, C2 and occipital
bones
Balance of head and vertebrae
suboccipital triangle (vertebral a.)
~ m. rectus capitis posterior major (5)
~ m. rectus capitis posterior minor (3)
~ m. obliquus capitis superior (2)
~ m. obliquus capitis inferior (4)
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TOPOGRAPHIC
REGIONS
and
SPACES
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Trigona :
omotrapezium,
omoclaviculare
Triangles :
omotrapezoid,
omoclavicular
Regio colli lateralis; Lateral (posterior) neck
triangle
Carotic triangle
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Muscles in the bottom
of the lateral neck trtiangle
Semispinalis
Levator scapulae
Splenius
Scalenus anterior
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Lateral (Posterior) triangle
of the neck Main structures
Cervical plexus part (Erb´point)
XI. nerve
Part of the brachial plexus
External jugular vein
Deep (profundus) lymph nodes
Branches from the subclavian artery
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Trigona : submentale,
submandibulare,
caroticum
(musculare), regio
suprasternalis
Regio colli anterior ; Anterior (ventral) neck triangle
Trigona : submental,
submandibular,
carotic (muscular),
suprasternal region
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Nervous and vascular bundles
in the neck
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Anterior triangle of the neck
main structures
Internal jugular vein + branches
Common carotid artery, external + internal
carotid aa.
Lymph nodes
X. nerve, branches of the V. nerve, XII. nerve
Sympathetic trunk
Thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, submandibular gland,
sublingual gland
Trachea, larynx, pharynx, esophagus
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Neck fasciae They make borders among muscles and organs:
Lamina superficialis - investing fascia (f. colli superf., investing
cervical):
f. nuchae, f. pectoralis, f. deltoidea
obaluje m. sternocleidomastoideus + trapezius
p. supra/infrahyoidea
Lamina pretrachealis pretracheal fascia (f. colli media, middle
cervical)
Form - Δ, invests infrahyoid muscles
vagina carotica
Lamina prevertebralis prevertebral fascia (profunda, deep
cervical)
covers mm. scaleni
alar fascia
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STCLM,
platysma
Suprahyoid and
infrahyoid
muscles
Lymph nodes
nerves
Internal jugular
vein
Common carotid
artery External Internal
Subclavian artery,
vein and their branches
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cranial caudal middle
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Nervous
and vascular
bundle in
neck
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Recommended literature M. Dykes : Anatomy
2th edition, Mosby 2002
R. Čihák: Anatomie 1, 2, 3 Grada Publishing 2003
or S.Snell: Clinical anatomy for Medical Students
6th edition, Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins
G.J.Tortora : Principles of Human Anatomy 4th edition, Williams & Wilkins
K.L.Moore, A.F.Dalley: Clinically Oriented Anatomy 4th edition, Williams & Wilkins
F.H.Netter: anatomický atlas člověka Grada Avicenum 2003
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END
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Neck important notices laryngoscopy
indirect: using laryngoscopic mirror
Central venous cathetrization
v. subclavia
v. jugularis int.
endarterectomy
plx. brachialis, skalenic syndrom + costoclavicular
syndrom
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What it is neccessary to
memorize? Nodes:
n.l. submandibulares, submentales, cervicales lat., V-T
Salivary glands
Carotic Δ – carotic sinus, pulse
Superficial neck veins – content
Thyroid gland – isthmus at level 2-4 cartilaginous ring; attaches pretracheal fascia
coniotomy x tracheotomy+tracheostomy
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