River Civilizations and Other civilizations of Southwest Asia.
Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?
description
Transcript of Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?
![Page 1: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1. Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?
2. What do you think happened after those first civilizations either became bigger or collapsed? Why?
![Page 2: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introduction to Unit 3
• What is this a photo of?
• Why is this movie titled the way it is? Explain.
• How do you think it relates to the civilizations we will be talking about?
![Page 3: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What is the nickname of New York State?
• The Empire State• Why?
– In 1784, during a tour of the State's harbors, waterways and fertile interior, George Washington referred to New York as the "Seat of Empire." Since then, New Yorkers have worked ambitiously to live up to the State's motto and to make "The Empire State" the national leader it is today.
• What is an empire?
![Page 4: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Unit 5Empires 1
![Page 5: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Timeline
Important Empires I
Map
Tang Dynast
y
Byzantine
Empire
Muslim Empire
Gupta Empire
![Page 6: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Africa
Europe
Asia
Gupta Empire
Byzantine Empire
Tang Dynasty
Muslim Empire
![Page 7: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Timeline of Important Empires I
Empire: A civilization that takes over other territories and unites them under one ruler
Gupta Empire
300 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 400
Tang Dynasty
Byzantine
Empire Muslim Empire
Golden Age: Time of peace and prosperity
![Page 8: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
GuptaEmpire
![Page 10: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Geography played a big role in where
the Gupta located in
India
Himalayas
blocked travel
north and the
Ocean stopped
travel to the
south.
![Page 11: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
India’s “Golden Age”:• Came during the Gupta Empire• Chandra Gupta started the empire
golden age:• time in a culture’s history of peace and prosperity• many great cultural contributions
![Page 13: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Gupta Contributions to our Society
Decimal System
Arabic Numerals {1, 2, 3, …,}
Concept of Zero - Ø
![Page 14: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Other Contributions of Gupta Empire
![Page 15: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Medicine
• herbal remedies
• form of plastic surgery for the treatment of facial injuries.
• vaccinations against smallpox, a practice later used in China (10th century) and Europe (17th century.)
![Page 16: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Architecture• Hindus built stone temples for various Hindu gods. • Buddhists built shrines to house the remains of select
holy people – called Stupas, which became pagodas in China
![Page 17: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Literature• fables and folktales written in Sanskrit• stories spread west to Persia, Egypt, and Greece
– Through cultural diffusion became the basis for many Islamic literary works
• Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves • Aladdin and his Magic Lamp
![Page 18: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
India’s “Golden Age” is said to have been during the Gupta Empire. This may be because the Guptasdeveloped the most important concepts in the field of
A. Math
B. Medicine
C. Politics
D. Philosophy
![Page 19: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The Maurya Empire and the Gupta Empire in India both accomplished this during their success
1.They both raised the acceptance of Buddhism by the people
2.They both unified the country of India
3.They both raised large sums of money to buy more land
4.Neither Empires were successful
The Gupta Empire expanded the Empire through war and latter through diplomacy and marriage. They also increased cultural diffusion and the Indian economy through
1.Trade with other countries
2.Small battles at the borders
3.Religious tolerance
4.Closed borders
![Page 20: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
What are two geographic facts about India that had a significant affect on its culture?
1. The Alps and the Indian Ocean
2. The Himalaya Mountains and the deserts
3. The Himalaya Mountains and the monsoons
4. The Alps and the deserts
![Page 21: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
GUPTA
Location: India• Hinduism and Caste System flourished
(became stronger) under Gupta rule
Gupta Empire was one of India’s “Golden Ages”
Contributions: – Guptas were good at Math, they created
• concept of “Zero” • decimal system• numbers we use today – Arabic
Numerals (“Arabs” took them and introduced them to the Europeans)
![Page 22: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Gupta Empire – don’t copy
Gupta Dynasty (320 - 550 CE) - lead Golden Age• established a strong central government • allowed a degree of local control • Followed Hindu beliefs
– strict caste system, or class system. • Had time to pursue scientific and artistic endeavors• Later declined due to weak rulers & a series of invasions
![Page 23: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Tang Dynasty
![Page 24: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Tang: Influence on Japan and Korea
Much of Japanese and Korean culture was borrowed from the Chinese during the Tang Dynasty
- Buddhism- Confucianism - “5 Relationships”- Writing System- Respect for Nature
![Page 26: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Tang Influence continued:
Silk Road: • Helped the dynasty extend westward• Connected China with western cultures (Muslim and
Byzantine Empires)
![Page 27: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Contributions to our Society
• Gunpowder• Porcelain• Compass• Spinning Wheel• Mechanical Clock• Block Printing
![Page 28: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Other Contributions and Inventions of the Tang Dynasty
(approx. 618-907 A. D.)• Tea • Po Chu-i (poet) • Scroll painting • Three Doctrines (Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism) • Gunpowder • Civil Service Exams • Brandy and whiskey • Flame-thrower • Dance and Music
![Page 29: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Art in Tang Dynasty• Very Rich and Opulent (Wealthy) era in Chinese history
• flourishing • Painting, pottery, calligraphy, sculpture, music, dance and
literature important
• art being appreciated in every day life.
• art found in the homes• Art was no longer only appreciated by the church or Royal
Family, but was now appreciated by those from all walks of life.
• Doctors, lawyers, scholars, craftsman, businessmen and wealthy merchants all afforded themselves works of art.
![Page 30: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Seated Buddha, Tang dynasty (618–906), ca. 650China
Buddhist stele, Tang dynasty (618—906), ca. 700China
![Page 33: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Night-Shining White, Tang dynasty (618–906), 8th centuryAttributed to Han Gan (Chinese, active 742–56)China
![Page 34: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Mathematics in Tang Dynasty
• Solved cubic equations
• Translations of Indian mathematical works. – angle measurement (360 degrees) – table of sines for angles from 0 to 90 degrees in 24
steps (3 3/4 degree) increments. – Hindu decimal numerals also introduced, but not
adopted.
• Tangent table.
![Page 36: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Which of the following events took place
during the rule of the Tang Dynasty in China: A. China expanded to take over India
B. Japan borrowed much of the Chinese cultural ways such as writing and Buddhism
C. The Mongols took over China and created the largest land empire ever
D. Russia invaded China and forced them to become Communists
![Page 37: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
TANG – don’t copyLocation: China
Contributions: – first use of paper money– porcelain: hard shiny pottery
Japan studied the Tang Dynasty• copied much of the Chinese culture (language,
Buddhism, etc.)
Silk Road began • trading routes between China and the western lands
![Page 38: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
• http://www.silk-road.com/artl/tang.shtml
• http://www.metmuseum.org/special/China/golden_age_more.htm
• Chinese House - http://www.pem.org/yinyutang/house/base_force.html - modern with some history
![Page 39: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Byzantine Empire
![Page 40: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Byzantine: Ties to the Roman Empire
How it was created: – It was the eastern half of the old Roman Empire
The Byzantine Empire, 527-565 AD [Source: Libyan National Atlas, 1978.]
![Page 41: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
How the Byzantine Empire Compared with the Roman Empire
Capital Religion Language Other Information
Roman RomeRomanCatholic
(Christian)Latin
- The western half of the old Roman Empire
- Fell into the “Dark Ages”
ByzantineConstan-
tinople
Eastern (Greek)
Orthodox(Christian)
Greek
- The eastern half of the old Roman Empire
- Grew strong and lasted 1000 years
![Page 42: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Impact on Russia• Religion:
– Eastern Orthodox spread to Russia (known as Russian Orthodox)
– no longer Roman Catholic
• Trade: Many Byzantine ideas were introduced into Russia through trade. • Cyrillic
alphabet• Art work
(mosaics)• Religion• Architecture
http://www.metmuseum.org/explore/Byzantium/byz_6.html
![Page 43: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Contributions to our societyJustinian’s Code:• The laws of the Byzantine Empire based on the Twelve
Tables of Roman law, became a basis for laws in many European nations
Art and Architecture: slide show:: http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/visual_arts/
article5002358.ece
• Usually supported the Christian
Church
Preservers of Greek and Roman culture:• The Byzantine Empire saved the knowledge, art, and ideas
of the old Roman and Greek cultures
Hagia Sophia Orthodox Church
![Page 44: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
http://www.learn.columbia.edu/ha/html/byzantine.html
ByzantineVirtual Architecture
Byzantine Coin
![Page 45: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
After the fall of Rome, the eastern half of the empire became known as the:
A. Persian Empire
B. Byzantine Empire
C. Mongol Empire
D. Gupta Empire
![Page 46: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
One of the great accomplishments of the Byzantine Empire was:
A . the take over of all of the Roman Empire
B. the emergence of a merchant middle class
C. the domination of trade with the Mongols
D. the code of laws created by Emperor Justinian
![Page 47: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Much of the traditional culture of Russia is linked to which of the following cultures:
A. Byzantine EmpireB. Muslim EmpireC. Tang DynastyD. Gupta Empire
![Page 48: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
BYZANTINE Empire Summary
Location: “Eastern” half of the old Roman Empire
Great Leader: Justinian• created Justinian’s Code - a written set of laws
Language: Greek
Importance: – preserved old Greek and Roman culture while barbarians
destroyed Rome– “in between” invaders from Asia and rest of Europe– spread learning and culture to Russia and influenced
Russian life a great deal
– http://crusades.boisestate.edu/Byzantium/ – http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/byzantium/ More Detailed Information about Byzantine
![Page 49: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Muslim
![Page 50: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
How it Spread
• Origins: Out of Mecca, east to India, west across North Africa and on into Spain• Growth: to spread Islam to other people
1. Military conquest – took about 100 years to expand most of their empire
• They were great fighters, if they died in battle, they believed they would go directly to heaven (Jihad)• They treated conquered people fairly – better than previous rulers
2. Trade
![Page 51: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
•Battle of Tours: (732 A.D.)In Southern France
The French Christians, under Charles Martel, defeated the Muslims and stopped their advance into Europe
Their Expansion was Stopped:
![Page 52: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
The Muslim Empire had a
Golden Age: (700-900 A.D.) – A time of great learning and cultural diffusion
![Page 53: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Which of the following is one reason why the Muslims were able to spread their empire so quickly:
A they had the use of aircraft in battle
B their God was more powerful than the God of their enemies
C they tolerated other religions and this made conquest easier
D they had more horses than other cultures of the Middle East
![Page 54: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Contributions to our Society by Muslim Empire
mathematics:
-Spread Gupta math ideas-Created Algebra and Trigonometry
astronomy:
-Learned from Greek ideas-Study of the stars; created astronomical tables
medicine:
-Created hospitals-Wrote medical textbooks-Doctors required to pass exams to practice medicine
Islamic Law:
-Based on Islamic religious laws in the Qur’an-Became the basis for political laws in the empire
architecture:
-Influenced by Byzantine and Indian styles
banking:
-Used money-Allowed credit (money borrowing) to be used
![Page 55: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Preservers of Greek and Roman culture:
- Preserved Roman and Greek ideas that they got from their contacts with the Byzantine Empire, who also preserved them
- They improved upon them (i.e. translated Roman writings, etc.)
![Page 56: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
An important achievement of the Golden Age of Muslim culture was the:
A preservation of the ancient Greek and Roman ideas
B development of gunpowder
C establishment of trade with South America
D emergence of feudalism as a unifying force
![Page 57: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
MUSLIM Empire Summary
Location: – Middle East
• Spread throughout the Middle East, Northern Africa, and into India as Muslims spread the religion of Islam
– Arabs were great fighters– Muslims (Arabs) tolerated Judaism and Christianity (they were “of the
book”) - but others had to convertMuslims:
– Arabs who worshipped the religion of Islam (Later - anyone who worshiped Islam)
“Golden Age”: – a time of peace (no more expansion) and great learning– they preserved Greek and Roman learning (they got it from contact with
the Byzantine Empire)– created algebra– developed advanced medical knowledge and practices– great astronomers and scientists
![Page 58: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
• What do you think were the most influential contributions from one of the four Empires we talked about?
• What empire had the most influence on life today? Why?
![Page 59: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Essential Question 1• What would be the most influential contributions
from these Empires?
Technology Learning Laws
- Mechanical clock
- Gunpowder- Block
printing- Compass
- Mathematics- Science- Medicine- Preservation of
Greek and Roman culture by the Muslim and Byzantine Empires
- Justinian Code
![Page 60: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
![Page 61: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
• Did geography affect the ability of the Muslim Empire to influence others? – Look at your map – in the student guide– Tell me why or why not
![Page 62: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
• Islam Movie – the Awakening
![Page 63: Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56814fbf550346895dbd7b72/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Essential Question 2
• Why did the Muslim Empire become the most influential Empire on European culture? Their geographic nearness to
Europe (they were centrally located among these empires and the Muslims shared the ideas they obtained from other cultures with Europeans)
Great traders with Europe The Crusades