NDSU Agriculture TRENDS IN THE USE OF CROPS DEVELOPED THROUGH BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE USA AND THE WORLD...
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Transcript of NDSU Agriculture TRENDS IN THE USE OF CROPS DEVELOPED THROUGH BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE USA AND THE WORLD...
ND
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Agriculture
TRENDS IN THE USE OF CROPS DEVELOPED
THROUGH BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE USA AND THE WORLD
BY:Dr. Duane R. Berglund
Professor of Plant Science andNDSU Extension Agronomist
Definition of Biotechnology
• “ The application of science and engineering in the direct and indirect use of living organisms or parts or products of living organisms, in their natural or modified forms”. Agric. And Agric. Food Canada.
• “ A collection of scientific techniques…… that are used to create, improve or modify plants, animals and microorganisms…U. S. Dept. of Agriculture.
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Agriculture
‘Natural’ GM of Crops Works!
• Corn grain yields have increased by 1.6 bushels per acre per year for the last 70 years. – Primarily due to ‘natural’
genetic modification (GM) and improved crop production technologies.
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Agriculture
But, some worry…
• The annual yield gain (1.6 bu/ac/yr) as a percent of the yield potential of the corn crop has been decreasing for the past 70 years.
Nagging Question:Can we keep up with the increasing global need for food?
BIO TECH CROPS – 2005UNITED STATES
USDA Estimates: Major Crops
• 118 million acres in USA
• 10 % Increase in acres
• 30 fold increase since inception in 1996
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Agriculture
BIO TECH CROPS – 2005UNITED STATES
• 87% soybean acres GM (Glyphosate tolerant).
• 63.8 Million Acres GM
• 70% canola acres GM (Glyphosate tolerant and Liberty tolerant)
• 700,000 Acres GM
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Agriculture
BIO TECH CROPS - 2005
• 52% corn acres GM 26 % Bt only 17 % Herbicide
tolerant only 9% Stacked gene
Hybrids
• 42.4 Million Acres GM in USA
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Agriculture
BIO TECH CROPS - 2005
• 79% cotton acres GM 18% Bt only 27% Herbicide
Tolerant only 34% Stacked gene
cultivars
• 11.1 Million Acres GM in USA
2005 Biotech Crop Estimates NORTH DAKOTA
• Corn - North Dakota 52 % Acres
• Soybeans- North Dakota 89% Acres
• Canola – USA including North Dakota 70% Acres or higher
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Agriculture
Herbicide Tolerant Crops – Benefits
• Easy to use
• Full spectrum weed control
• No carryover residues (Liberty or Roundup)
• Environmentally safe
• Excellent crop safety
• Wide application window (crop stages & weed stages)
• Control of larger weeds
• Allowance for rescue weed control
• Less cost??
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Agriculture
• Spray drift –non-target crops• Multiple applications may be required• Misapplication to non-resistant crop varieties• Premium price for seed• Short rotations resulting in added disease/insect problems• Public non-acceptance of genetically altered crops• Pollen movement to organically grown crops• Resistant weed species (Expected in the future)• Resistant volunteers to control
Herbicide Tolerant Crops - Concerns
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Agriculture
Biotech Update/Status Other Crops
• SUGARBEET: Roundup Ready is label approved– Liberty Tolerant is label approvedHowever, Industry Processors will not accept!!
• SUNFLOWER: (Imi) Clearfield sunflower– Hybrids in commercial Fields since 2002(Non-GM)
• WHEAT: (Hard Red Spring): (Imi) Clearfield wheat– Available in 2002– Roundup Ready – Presently placed on hold!! -Certain Markets not ready to accept!!
• POTATO: Bt potato available and approved– Cultivars were withdrawn because of food
safety/marketing issues
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Agriculture
Added Value Soybean Grain and Grain Products
Protein Quality
Energy, Digestibility
Increased StabilityHealthy Oils
38% Protein
30%Carbohydrate
18% Oil
ND
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AgricultureTime
GERMPLASM BASE - THE FOUNDATION
PR
OD
UC
TIV
ITY
(Val
ue
Cre
atio
n)
INDUSTRIAL & NOVEL PRODUCTSRenewable PolymersChemical FeedstocksNutraceuticals
CROP PROTECTION Insect ResistanceDisease ResistanceHerbicide Tolerance•
FEED NutritionEnvironmentMeat Quality•
FOOD HealthNutritionFlavor•
PLANT PERFORMANCE Drought ToleranceCold ToleranceMaturity•
Waves of Productivity Improvement
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Agriculture
There is a huge hungry world to feed (Growing Population).
There has never been a greater need for aggressive agricultural research!
There has never been more promise of what research can accomplish!