nd41xcvcx

SPIE Optics & Photonics 2007. Optical Technologies for Arming, Safing, Fuing an! Firing II, Aug. 2"#$0, San %iego, A. Practical internal com'ustion engine laser spar( plug development )ichael *. )+ers, *ohn %. )+ers, aoping -uo, hengin /ang, hristopher . 1ar!+ igre, Inc., 300 )arshlan! oa!, 1ilton 1ea! Islan!, S 24425, 6SA igreinccs.com, Ph8 "9$#5"3#:"00, Fa8 "9$#5"3#9::4 Abstract Fun!amenta l stu!ies on laser ignition ha;e 'een performe! '+ the 6S %epartment of Energ+ un!er AES <A!;ance! eciprocati ng Engines S+stems= an! '+ the alifornia Energ+ ommission un!er AIE <A!;ance! eciprocati ng Internal om'ustion Engine=. These an! other >or(s ha;e reporte! consi!era'le increases in fuel efficiencies along >ith su'stantial re!uctions in green#house gas emissions >hen emplo+ing laser spar( ign ition. Practical commercial applications of this technolog+ re?uire lo> cost high pea( po>er lasers. The lasers must 'e small, rug ge! an! a'le to pro ;i!e sta'le laser 'eam output ope ration un!e r a!;erse mechanical an ! en;ironmental con!itions. @e> %PSS <%io!e Pumpe! Soli! State = las ers appear to meet the se re?uirements. In this >or( >e pro;i! e an e;al uati on of 1ESP <1igh Ef fi ci enc+ Si!e Pu mpe!= %PSS laser !esign an! performance >ith regar! to its application as a practical laser spar( plug for use in internal com'ustion engines. Keywords: Laser spark plug, Diode pumped solid state laser, Advanced reciprocating internal combustion engine, A!;ance! reciprocati ng engines s+stems, 1igh efficienc+ si!e pumpe! laser, @!8-lass laser, @!8/A- laser, #s>itche! laser. 1. Introduction The operation of internal com'ustion engines >ith lean gas#air mitures, high c+lin!er hea! pressure an! plasma spar( ignition has 'een sho>n to increase fuel efficiencies an! re!uce green#house gas emissions '+ significant amounts. A!;ance! reciprocating engine research an! !e;elopment programs such as AIE an! AES ha;e reporte! fuel efficienc+ increases of greater than 9:B an! @O#emission re!uctions of more than an or!er of magnitu!e >hen compare! to stan!ar! spar(#gap spar( plugs C 3, 2,$D . The AES#'ase! engines are use! for generating electr icit+. The+ are comprise! of 35# an! 20# c+lin!er configurations, operating at 3200 rpm30 1, 3:00 rpm32.: 1, 3"00 rpm3: 1, >ith electrical po>er generation ratings up to 2.3 )ega>atts C$D. The use of laser ignition to impro;e gas engine performance >as initiall+ !emonstrate! '+ *. %. %ale in 347" C9D. 1o>e;er, >ith ;er+ fe> eceptions, >or ( in this area has for the last 20 +ears 'een limite! to la'orator+ eperimentat ion emplo+ing large, epensi;e an! relati;el+ complicate! lasers an! laser 'eam !eli;er+ s+stems. )ore recentl+, researchers at -E#*en'acher, )itsu'is hi 1ea;+ In!ustries, To+ota, @ational Energ+ Technolog+ Ga' an! Arg onne @ational Ga' ha;e o'taine! an! or 'uilt sm aller high pea( po>er laser spar( p lugs C :, 5D . 6nli(e man+ earlier la'orator+ laser s+stems, these smaller lasers are no> mounte! !irectl+ onto the engine c+lin!er hea! so as to fire the laser 'eam !irectl+ into the cham'er. This arrangement allo>s the laser to 'ecome a !irect replacement for the tra!itional high ;oltage electri cal spar(#gap plug. Further re!uctio ns in laser sie, price an! compleit+ >ill hel p the laser spar( plug 'ecome a commerc ial realit+ an! a ;ia'le co mpetitor to the tra!itio nal high ;oltage spar(#gap plug.

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