NCVO Breakfast Seminar Main Presentation
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Transcript of NCVO Breakfast Seminar Main Presentation
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25th June 2013
Brian Lamb
Breakfast Learning Session
Theory of Change
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The Issue
Contrary to Marxs famous critique that
philosophers have only sought to
interpret the world not to change it
campaigners have too often sought to
change the world without first
interpreting it.
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A theory of change clearly expresses the relationships between actions
and hoped for results, and could be described as a roadmap of the
strategies and belief systems that make positive change in the lives of
individuals and the community.
THEORY OF CHANGE
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Theory of Change and
Campaign Strategy
Theory of Change is a powerful tool for helping you to decide
your overall campaign strategy, test the assumptions of that
strategy and coordinate activity across different functions.
A Theory of Change is a simple, step-by-step analysis of theanticipated changes that you expect to flow from any set of
actions.
By describing the inputs you are planning and the expected
outcomes of your efforts you can test your strategy and
sharpen your thinking about what is possible and how.
This can be achieved quite simply but has the capacity to be
as complex as you need to account for the environment you
are working in.
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Logic Model
Theory of Change models build from basic Logic Models.
Logic Models form the basis of most project management
programmes.
Logic models illustrate program components, and creatingone helps stakeholders clearly identify outcomes, inputs and
activities.
They are helpful for breaking down the basic components of
a plan and are especially useful where there is a knowrelationship with an action and its consequence.
They often follow a format similar to this;
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Logic Model
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Logic
Model
Theory of
Change
Social
Theories
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Theory of Change
Theories of Change link outcomes and activities to explainHOW andWHY a campaign expects its actions to lead tothose changes.
It is therefore more complex and rich than logic models and
more suited to advocacy campaigns. Advocacy campaigns are complex as they have to select
from a number of different potential strategies and makeassumptions about why something changes.
There are many different ways change can be attempted
and a Theory of Change provides a process for testing outassumptions and deciding on what will be bring about thedesired change.
Campaigns are trying to align research evidence, with theappropriate campaign and advocacy interventions toachieve the influence to secure the change they need.
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The benefits of Theory of
Change?
TOC models provide a common language and approach for planning
and evaluation;
Builds the capacity of organisations to think more strategically about
their goals;
Can be used with stakeholders;
Makes implicit assumptions explicit and therefore easier to test and
modify in the light of experience;
Builds from the actual strategies and activities that campaigners
undertake;
Keeps focus on the final goal to be achieved and clarity about steps
along the way;
Provides a framework for developing different scenarios about how
change might happen and how to plan for contingencies.
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Definitions-whats in
a word? Impact-the ultimate effect on the lives of those you
seeking change for
Outcomes-significant changes that lead to the final
impact Outputs the specific results of work programmes
designed to achieve you outcomes
Activities-the work you do to achieve those outputs
Inputs the resources you deploy to be able toundertake the activities
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What are the Theory of
Change Steps?
1. Stating a clear aim-the final impact you need your
campaign to have;
2. Mapping activities to achieve your campaign aim-usually
in reverse order the impact first;3. Mapping Outcomes and how to get thereusing so that
chains to ensure the links between activities and
outcomes are understood and in place;
4. Understanding how social change happens and aligningthat with your selected activities-Outcome mapping;
5. Ensuring that Capacity of the organisation to achieve
change;
6. Evaluation built into the model.
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Change Strategies
1. Large Leaps orPunctuated EquilibriumTheory
2. Coalition Theory orAdvocacy CoalitionFramework
3. Policy Windows orAgenda Setting
4. Messaging andFrameworks
5. Power Politics orPower Elites Theory
6. Grassroots orCommunity OrganizingTheory
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WORKED EXAMPLES
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So that Chain
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Strategies
Inputs
Outputs
Outcom
es
Impact
State your strategies-the
really key ways by which
you hope to bring about the
change you are seeking
State your Activities-the
specific work you will
undertake to implement the
strategies
Describe the outputs from
that work you expect to
happen as a result.
State your final impact
here-e.g changes to people
lives or the final changes
you are seeking
Theory of Change Mapping
Describe the outcomesfrom that work you expect
to happen as a result.
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