ADAg 19 ARMY ELECTRONICS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND F0-ETC F/B 17/APROPAGATION MODELING AND APPLICATIONS FOR ELECTRO-OPTICAL SYSTE-ETC(U)OCT 80 R J BERGENANN. L P OBERT

NCLASSIFIED DELNV-TR-O016

nllllnln-Eu....-mnnnnlmnn j

A D

(.)

Report DELNV-TR-0016 0

PROPAGATION MODELING AND APPLICATIONS

FOR ELECTRO-OPTICAL SYSTEMS

by

Richard J. Bergemann

Luanne P. Obert < .':J

October 1980 ILI

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.

Ir

U.S. ARMY ELECTRONICS R&D COMMAND

NIGHT VISION & ELECTRO-OPTICS LABORATORYFT. BELVOIR. VIRGINIA 22060

81 2 24 007

Destroy this report when it is no longer needed. Do not return it to the originator.

The citation in this report of trade names of commercially available products does notconstitute official endorsement or approval of the use of such products.

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Richa~rd J .!Bc ruen'IannOLuantoc P. 0.)hcrt

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS "LMN RJCTS

US Aim, ectonic Resarc & DelopentCommndWORK U NIT NUMBERS

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11. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12. -RflPOWT VAr

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IS -UPPLEMENTARY NOTES

19 KEY WORDS Iln.o . j. Itl**0i - a ,,-I ,dtwithi hl- mh.,

sJANw D IM v c,1,SS1 lr B.1cl~ It 1,1(I I \Y 111 II\,11t1 \till. ("pSPl II) I '* '&cEic ~ *I .

:120' ~

III , Nt0 II

U NC LASS IIEDSECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE(IWhan Data Entered)

I N( IASSI11 1' )SE CuITY CL ASSIFIC ATION OF T 15 P AC'W%*n [lots ?-nfrodl

CONTENTS

Section Title Page

It LUSTRATIONS iv

TABLES vi

I INTRODUCTION I

Ii AEROSOL TRANSMISSION THROUGH THE NATURAL IATMOSPHERE

III TOW SYSTEM PERFORMANCE SENSITIVITY 7

IV CRITICAL METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS 7

V NV&FOL/GRC WP SMOKE MODEL 7

VI t" DUST MODELING EFFORTS 18

VII CONCLUSIONS -3

iii

S

ILLUSTRATIONS

Figure Title Page

I ClAP Aerosol Model 3- to 5-pin 31

2 G/AP Model 8- to I 2-m 4

3 Snow Scattering Model 3- to 5-tim

4 Snow Scattering Model 8- t, 6-n

5 TOW Nightsight C'apability 8

0 Meteorological Conditions Re(qUired for D~ifferent Capability

Levels

7 lernents of NV&[iOL/C;R( Smoke Model I1I

8 Comparison of Plume Model to J PG lData 12

9 Comparison of' NV& VOL/G RC Model to WSM R Test D)ata 14

10 Comparison of NV& IO(L/( R(' Mlodel to D)GC Data 1I

I I Comparison of NV&I-( )[./( R(' Model to Dl) Data I5

12 Comparison of NV&1[01., C;RC Model to l)P( Data I5

13 Comparison of NV& l()l 'C R( Model to lDl~C Data IS

14 C on figuration of'Smoke Barrage 106

15 Blarrage I ransmission I listory 17

16 lenents of Ill Dunst Model 0(

1 7 l'rcd icr ed vs. %Measn red (loud I leicli t 2I

I lred icIC edVS. %1asn red I ransm issloti 18- to I 2-jum I 2

iv

f

ILLUSTRATIONS (CONT'I)I

Figure Title Page

1 ) PrediCtCd vs. Measured ('loud I leight 22

20 Predicted vs. Measured Transmission (8- to I 2-1pi1 23

21 ('omparison of' IIE i)ust Model to Ft. Sill Data 24

22 Comparison of III Dust Model to Smoke Week II Data

TABLES

Table Title Page

I Recognition (NFOV) 10

2 Timne (s) 8- to I 2-pim Transmission <1%c 18

vi

PROPAGATION MOD)ELING; AND APPLICATIONS FOR

ELE( TR( -( PTICAL SYSTEMS

1. I NTR( )I( TI( N

The rieel I h ei alIta ate the perfoirmniarce ofP e lect ro-plP~ti al ( E-())sN~v eiin t ii nat ural aindIhattlefieldl enhirnmerit hias. inl revent years. genierated a flturry of activity dlirectedl at themneasurement and 1niodeling. oif the atnnPsphiere. As the emerging resul~ts of these effors areappliedl to the anialysis of E-( ) yvteni. at new, undierstandIing of lte titilitv arid] limiitations-

(Pf suchi dev ices is 1141W leieh qi rg. Smi re o f thesce mieasuremnieit.nP mdlIig, alliP aiaisaIactivities are reported here.

lit Sectionu 1I. the fog, and~ sii4P iniisj~pectral transissiioni data [last- that hias beeni

coll ece ww ier th lIast I Nea rs is d escribI ed . Simipf le al goithmsn rejpresent inig thIiis data are-dlerived. Sectionr III (Pitliries a sttudy of TO W system Poerfo rina ric eesi t it to chaiigcs if]

tie iiiin iIrolgv of the( enmi jronn erit. Conidi51 erat ionis if target sivgiiattire iari abli ty, are

takeni into a4Tomiit. Resuilts fromn suc11 a stuid,, cani he usedl to establish criticalineteP iriigiea I pa rarile es associ ated with systeoIi pe rfo riiiaiwe. A discuii oil of thlis c-all bie

found in Sec-tipon IV.

Spections, V arid ] VIpre~eiit a ite iclscripitiln. sampijle Jpreictionis. and~ %alilatipn ppf ti~

niodels for bpattlefieldi ohpsciratippi. Sectiopn V addpresses a niodel fopr iiistaiptaiepi %%blite

IphspPhoms~~i AT)I~ smoke. and Sectionr VI add4resses aitmodel for hiigh-ex1 plPPsii IHE II plit.Both mod~pels are at stibhset opf lte total obscu'iralioni fini4lPifg performiied lo, N V& H )L. and~the GeineralI Researnch ( i r; rat imi ((;Rl( :.'2

1I. AF~ROS( T5 I.'RAN SM ISSION' TiiO G THE i Ill NATURAI L, T V sr I ERFE

Allso ii tit at libe u'rip. t ra nisrniss iimeasu remniits i thle Niibiipe. ica r 111. 3- lo 4 -Ati a ndP- to 1 2-Atni re ii ls [li a i bee pcolplectedI t Iirp igh iarip ii foips thIiat hiaw bcIeen oi-c riep atFt. %. 1'. Hll, Virginia: (;rafenl~'PP'lr. (;erniaii: arid lhimhiiiplplr. ( errni. j1pprtjpps oif'

this data iiav b*Ieeii prio1usty rpo prted I.' but Fi gulres I and14 2 si [ite presenit iat a Ibase

I,.1 h- - ~t n irsi A . Ikn-- iiil e 1r % r.t It. Zi~ rkin. I tf' fi-nia R-iagilir..It imil ir.i o - D% tf(ri13W,

Wf /irkmgilf. 'AlA I4 ,.I- irm-,, ic-t,-i thl -iii, *ii I. %.,il-. I & II. 4.iH-234 Ir I lin NArfi N N( )I .il.. i ir.,I N,.I )It 1i'12. T i- 3 6 , -I -il, I, i H-v,.jp if ch

1 4 or1*. , Il-in . I I, 4-. T H I I I t , -- i p .

.....1-t I mtpr..,- I ) It 'A 112-7 W -0366:f i % I, em-nral H-var-f, P .,rl.. Ib I A 'A 1I-, 1 n,-- T Ai I i fp.

Pr .i... 71, fN-i-- 11.

il it, eln i ret~ as itgnr il. svnili caIi it-, I wt %een % i-ilIde. 3- to p 5-lln. it ll 18- toI 2-juni acros..ll victiotn11 a lici'i beloutid. vwith the cenesct relationsh.iips as.. oiatvdl v% ith

h''uirt I cilo -N~e fits- to lti data relating % inilde and A- to 5qmii Ptilllin"lthrough

f'og. Tlhe iet andu iir curv- aire fits to data sutibets defined(I *, % l8-er-tel mneteo ro lo g icalICoiiditiori . Th et condlitionli illldiclte of'it aliigh-aeri~ol uinisiire conitenit. Lach

iha. of da~ta %%;I!. lassified ll. %%et or lirN Itov its predoi n ianlt opj t ical chiaracte r %ie i o l l 'i-

'he dietermlinlatioin of' tihe fogs liawre 1%as nolt mladie. Tihe midlIe (uric. it iiotdl. is a fit 1to

all ,I' [iI. data. The relatioinship Iictweeii %isilIe emilitionl ad ltat in tile( 8- to) I2-Aunhianiii. -s k shilvi n iii Figure 2.

The equation. ehirres.1 oninlg 14o Ote eiir- fit, shoun in Fignures I and 2 are- tihe

XX'i FT l. F( 1(. j.IT+ 2.595~ 1-,, o...-.T82 d,~q

U8~I = I 12+ 25.5 1.., (Y,,-.328 1b12

;OxNIhBINh;: +~ 2. W('2 ' I7 1,.g a I I i .,

j- -. 8 1 2 1 -71I00

Wdllition~al data galhieredl at 1 .06 1LiII has resited ill the sclinlg lavi that is also sioii

aibiie. lille fiir~lnlhiniln arec lirreltik bein~g us~ed to ci altile h-4 ) sstosli.jerf'orbnane

1111icr l11 imild-iis-iii I ci 111iiio-.

D ata lius ailio bieen gathleredl F111r4llIt~il i llW igures 3 aillIsllioW- \iibleNs

Wg-~in dlata aml! vi-hil %s. 8- to I 2-gin dlata (lct ellN at 1t. A. It. IHl. Nirgilia. al

jirvcioly~ rci-teil.7 Thie restiltauit (vtjinctiol reiatiollhipl (due4 to sliol alone hawc beenl

derived. correctinlg the oiriginlal iIata for mnolecujlar absl~rtioll and I'oiI/4 attenulationl.'I'lle co rrct14io II ilrs %% ere d etermne du 11 11rinIIg snll4all- feeI cr 41415 i llt ipn gl45in actIIal

ruaeas iiren114nt timesl. No te that Iot w1111 I c og that occu rredI duiring tOle i neaso rc 11 int s hadI

at dramiatic elect oil tihe l'\1iictli relalionships. Momir geucraIIl. it i applarenlt that till

Inivd lazefogh-llu cndiionis iporantsine tis i th i~ so% aloers n nwre

m A. P. HILL WET DATAA.P.HILLDRY DATA %

& GRAFENWOEHR DATA

10.0 * BAUMHOLDER DATACBAUMHOLDER DATA

1.0

EU

Fiur 1.GA eooUoe -t -m

(Lo vsibliy eroolattnutin dtaan

derve emiia fisfrlctosiUVrii n emn.

3m

I 1 111T I i I 1 01 li

a AP HILL DRY DATA0 AP HILL WET DATA

S10.0 - GRAFENWOEHR DATA* BAUMHOLDER DATA0

L 0 BAUIMHOLDER DATA 0

La.'

& a

CDWET OAE 0

00

1.0 0

LA 0~ m00

E A K'ZLALL DATA---'00

k0 0

1 1.0 10.0

VISIBLE (.55p.m) EXTINCTION COEFFICIENT (KM-i)Figure 2. G/AP model 8- to 12-pum.

(Low visibility aerosol attenuation data andderived empirical fits for locations in Virginia and Germany.)

RMI PimDn PHi HIr 05 JAN, 06/07 JAN, AND

FE', frPrH F LI 0

T I17

F, F'. P F'. HILL. vA. O9JAN 1977SNOW&

03.5~1391.17a~,SNOW MIXED WITH FOG0 .5=-139 + 1.176 05

SCATTERING MODEL (a)

ii

- FOG/HAZE SDEXTINCTION SNOW MIXED WITH FOG

J AND

MOLECULAR . .,

ABSORPTION

aS-lpl (KM- )

Figure 3. Snow scattering model 3- to 5-jm.

(Extinction data taken through snow at A. P. Hill, Virginia,

showing the relationship between the visible-near IR and 3.918 pm.)

5

PRi I TMOSPHEFIC 05 JAN, 06/07 JAN, ANDPEE R C ILI.T 09 JAN 1977 SNOW AND

1 .. SNOW MIXED WITH FOG

08-12 =.022 +1.279055

SCATTERING MODEL (o).E,.

FOG/HAZE ..

EXTINCTION :SNOW MIXED WITH FOGr AND A-: MOLECULAR . • N

ABSORPTION -/

, .L 6 7. '_

.

-=- K

,* . , ,.i , r . I, S , uD5 L, 3 (G.0 ?.LO0

a.&l.lp (NM-')

Figure 4. Snow scattering model 8- to 12-pm.(Extinction data taken through snow at A. P. Hill, Virginia, showing

the relationship between the visible-near IR and 8.0 to 12.0 Jm.)

0.

t sim, thle (,AIP aerosol miodel diescribied ill SectionI I1. all imle,4stiaiol of the selilkj its

ofI tihe TWA n~Iighltsight performlane to chianges ill tihe air templjerature. relatike Iitjjiiii

Niii ilit v . an iii a r.t s il at iire %%as conuc ited . iRestiii were reipreentedI ill le ni (1' R/ H%here R i the inaxiiniil pierformnce raige (50% plouiliilN for at gi~ell seasonl mid

target eomifijut assuinig it. aitospheric limitations. Three siginatire -treiitiih lvrv

chos.enl to rejureselInt' sread ii llmeasu~redi signiatures of' at Iaik %ievea fromii the frontl or

iet side ill tIlimm~er or %pite. pjjriapriata' seasonial bacnkgroiiiit ttiiijeratlires l"ere li-el.

"Si-ialre data was obitainled fromii thit Niht Vi.ili midi Electra-Oic- Signlltire I ata

Base.

lFor real almllohneric conlditionsi. tile ariatilal ill H/H., ats a fuiii o isii ilit i atild

reilatie iuiiiiti is ho%%n I ill linire 5. For tlii siiitnier Condiaitioni. it is apaparenit that at

l i iibilitie, thei .neroi-a effect domiiiniates anid there is % irttialk 11no % ariatimi ill pearfor-

mnceit %ith aitmospihleric %% altar aailtlt. %I diei lger I isiloiiit% rawllg-. it i- ala-trpttiiti

that domuillidt.

11it c ertalin lalme taf H/h' call lit etalishied i - leii-sar~ tat .acomis i partliular

mlilitalr tas'k. lenetarthl referredl t!.i - el aiaalihi .Figurme . 111 lie laretlta ill

it miatinir lblt shi. %,,flat ctambliiltionll, (of' ietiiarliai ciaaiiliiai -. ~ill aiiial% a.t va-t

that rt-iait ill 'a 5007o anda anl M80% capabliIit elal tilr Ile, -110111r iS anad s ilter A"I

larg--inle %ariatiili- ill tie alilaisihlric II .ntr aaaltalt. lit _,eral. ilo'% alar. iiir Itiel-

oii s,..tini is~aa hit , -i the moi'nitre iauiile\ aieailiit'loa saill ier %dataor.

it crjiia I inei'titniahigica I 1 araimllaer (-11 14 ieilleli. Ill tine t-a-i 1 ol tle T( M~ Ii ghitsi giil ai

.)O/o ieiel tif caiiahiiit . tii mlvorotiriia la ioaalr i- %i-iliiih. Tila \iiiit ranigi

reajiiraaifi relatiliI aitistil tier it wiidi Ilige oit drialiiill n arget ATI. tanrgtt a-1aet.

iii -edaoil. The ri-lilt. -iiuaii ili Tabale I iliale tlhalt aiiiiltit atraltr tOwni aittait at

kiititatr ileiji- that iianiioai Ii l 111t. TM% )\ ligll,-dfTil peror lo Iiit[ iiat 5007

ofi it- lleiaoitiaal caaitiit. He-iiit- liar tlic \\ F( t'% aleiii task are t-elltiail tile samel.

7

VISIBILITY (kin) .5 .75 1.0 1.5 2.0 3.04.0 co100

TARGET:TAN K-.SIDEAT =3.51C

80 SEASON:SUMMERAIR TEMP.= 26.80C

~60

UJI

-040-. j

20

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0R/R0

Figure 5. TOW nightsight capability.(For a 50% recognition probability of the side view of a summer tank.)

100 ws

80 1-50% 80%

~60

TARGET:S40 ATs 3.50C

ATW 2.10CccJ

BACKGROUND:20 TS 26.8'C

TW 2.5'C

010 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0

VISIBILITY (kin)Figure 6. Meteorological conditions required for different capability levels.

(At a 50% recognition probability of a summer (S) or winter (W) tank-side view.)

.I I K )v 1 1

I , t L ', I III-i , i I I I III

Ilk 1%idt, NS~l~Irkt kui kil\ , nt,,r kinl kiii -' ktii

I ink I i il -iilllilk-t r. kill I ii k!li I I iuu

1 \ ki 1 kill Il k..iili

\ . \ ill A ,I-v 1.l i\l \ 1 11lillI , _' , Il,, l , ,1-0 :.i \ N ,,. I,. l l, 1 11-i 1, 1 - 1 1 - 1 a f 'ili,- ,' 1.li, h , I I H i - %I llc 'l ,h lh

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i,,,lll ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~' .i ,I Iili tlll itl Iii I'i I Iiil'l, li i'l'llll l Ih il Itil d-ith' Ia

l I I i i 11 1 i l I , [h r o i il Ip .-I I - il - i l t i i l i..' I i i , i " I r i I,, I~ i I1

li "J ll- I| ~ i i l l I l .1 l .il "l Il Ill . ," II I" 1 i - 11 1ll'1'll I I,, . I-, l l~ h . , I l i

', il~ l ll , li r, ll i- I ,r , ,, l l i, i. li , i ll l -i ,i t lfo I l -I i i i. i i ,~l- li l -lol' , .

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ism

2. CL Coimipatrimmi. Via tire 1) 1141%% dit' ciomloariwi tot moodcl lprvdivtitm tip IT

tit olma i, 1'r4mi Itic -mokc trial- ill %% hile Simok Nli--iii- Raiiv i . Nllicolliduvied It% tilt- I'M %ijmkv/( Iliettrant- ill juk 77.' Trail 4) A P-31 vmi-i tvd oil' tilt- -Ijiticfirin_,, iif' It%#- 1.2-iii. %% P nimi4k. Sharlo riw, mid fall- d' flav tuva ijrvol dalit maI. Ito- ;it-

tribiat-41 it, %ariatiom iii %%iiiiiperd mid directimi. Prvdivli(m uhich are liavol till 6111111-

4,1 Ilw avra_ ,q, mcit-4prilhigical paramelo-r- ro-poirivil ill hpin- 9 phi- Ili,- _,,v4mwIr% fit tilt-

Io--I comfiloirmimi ars- imlicaled 1,.% tilt- ola4io-d vilroic.

:1. Trat eomkiskimi 4 .'(Pitipari-toll. Tilt- fillill 'alillilt. 401 % illidmimi ill F i,,urv- I I I Ilirmigh

13 cimiliitrv lorediV114111- III mva ijrvol traii-mi-imi friow ' timkv Aerk I ill Diwa% lr4l%-iiig (,rmm4I copil4hicteol b1% Ili- I'M lit Nmemlier 7T." Tran-im-,imi %vr-

ii timi, oi%.i mva ijrvd I,% tit Ilw I-ar M. %lid M. IM(P-pin aml %I-ildc

-pecinim bimok o,%t-r Ilw -ame -amplivig line. llbi lratitpn tit tilt- agreemew bvI%%vvn

lorcolictvil mid mvaim-d dala l'iti-trial 31 %shicli vom.J Ivol i)l*,j\ 155-mm. -laticall fired.A P iimkv i-mmil. 1 -Iw%%n 14)r tranmi-i(in lit tilt, 8- 141 12-14m iFilgim, l0i. 3. t-tim il'i-,tire

I I i. I.Wi-pm thpire 121. ami %i iblv 1:11 rvjtoll .

L Stmike Barrage Predictitipm.. I'll,- illii-lralimi tit capabilitic- (if' tilt- A P iimkeviiiii it 1wedich#aj fit Indii mi-imi hor a imike barragr. The limoill (it'

tilt- loarrage cviiiiritp a do-picird ill Figillf. I I IN'm A P-11111kc. Tilt- \*- indicale tilt- impact lminl d Ilic lir,( \-div,% (it I mim(k Is hicli areimi6prnik iliql-ilmled mer Ow I kilimirier I rmit ill Ilmi, ze'r(l. I lit, I*. repro-vIll tilt- illillarlpipilit- Ili' the 1.cmlfl mllv\ if I -) i-mmik " lkich arc imil(irink di trilmtvd qi\t-r tilt- I'l-mil.11141 Iiacvol livivven Ow it)illal rmind- at lime zo-r-, pill. 311 1.1 mld..

The ii it I'mictimi tit little- tit -v\vral tot Nic dmi(k d tilt- initiAi diii-Irated. The Iviil-,tli (of' vach I'llbild i indicillo-41 altill" it time il\i- \% till III--co-opild lit.I kmark- ma too 2 minult-. 'I'll#, 4p1hur dillit-11-11,11 ilill-Irmt-d i- filc %% idth (it illf. cimid. I'llclpialm-c oil Ili#- rimid depictifon i- it) illti-trate Ili,- iiiii-r cchim tot Ili,, vlmid- %%ith [fit,iolicrer-largut line-iot'-ight (H IS) ii it functitin tit' lime. \1 2 mimilc- liour romml- (11 Ow

milial \4)llt-% and ilirev i-mmik tit' tilt- vciiml %,tilt-% ititcr-ect tilt, LI P,%.

raiimi-imi fiir H- Ito I 2-1tin %vr u- Iimv af Ivr Miliatimi oil Ific barra_-v 11,lomi-d lit I- i_ ,ijrv I .) l4or dirve atim"jolicrii- c4inditimi.: mmicralck un-table.iwwral. mod miodermck lable. ix.. Pit qpiill I mv_-,i)ri4- It. 1). and L. n-IoecIi\vk. 1he

fir I-mmijlv vf'fvvl arc hi-Olk depellolvilt till IIIv -. 1-miwir %. ix.. ititer-ectimi oil Ow dimik

%till Ow I Ili frolur Ito relate Ilic-c pre-olictilm, ith I lit- I I H 1 11 triak.'" Ow

........ - I h- ,,, .1 \,.I.l I . t " A I .... ...... PI -\1K 1 ".0 -H

11114 1 -1 1 .2 1 1 1 0,4. W - 1,

I. 'A .. k I I A V. ... . ... . ..... ........ W

I I N O I'M -Nik I V. \114 11 w..O,

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= _j

z 0

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CD (N CD

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a- r a-J ~ -

)---L~c 16

NUMBER/TYPE :30/155 mm WP1.0 WIND DIRECTION :450

WIND SPEED :2.6 M/SI' RELATIVE HUMIDITY :80%'IPASQUILL CATEGORY: D

2C CAT Bcn.10 I

CAT D

060.01 -

.0010

.001 *TIME AFTER BARRAGE INITIATION (MINUTES)

Figure 15. Barrage transmission history.

17

I aic2. I lk'Is ~ I I -Pn [I~doom ~ ~ f

I ) BI) 1.

4')Ci )0 10

'II 1 14 0

It tilt

pil i ijii (I I t ri I R a i-i a1ifel vi1i, Tra ir n 02

P)T ill(I'afclm whr G rin n \ 'ic t r:IIs

pirto [lte Graf 11 test. Thle fiiriiiiatimi of* lilt- mod~uel is oltlilled ill F igore 10. ( Jlltolu

P'reictins of' tile, miodel are ipr4'-erti. liveing compal~red tii field1 Itt re-lilt. adi are'

ilemirilicill the iii.' 10% ilIg paragrapil.

1 . Graf it. E~vent A (omxparimon. FV i'it k (4 ui-i-i' of a -ilie I5.. -Illil. a irillr% -

fired 1iiF ridi %ili ilterseeted tilt- trallii-iiloi liiie-oi'--igit 1114411 iliiilat.

Meteorologicail conlditions- %%e're defined al %% iiliie'i= 3.1 iii/s. 1% illldireetioil= 27(0'.

Sihcoii anid thiermal~l cloudilheight Iieamllreillels and jireilionsiij f'or tile %isllde

illi t arc !.14%%im ill iigire 17. P'redictioun- %%i're calcuilatedi 1'ri tihe initial lodiilIiI Ii

II hih 114)14 rise %as not a flzllitioi ofi 4144111 litat and14 tilt- miied( modiiel %6.1h1 it liieat-nis

teriti.

si'i'ilni. ir tulle grecatertilal (0.75 -i'i'iii lilt- cloud %1a d 4ispeirsed as a I'titii (of' 1% ini

resuilts. heat iv a- liiprel ill tileeltii for aipiiriximlltelN 10secoini.I Hills. all addtlitonlal

tlierial iii iii Nie terml I iid'lltiva I II tihat ol t ile. 'N &+H()iJ(/( WI) Silske Modli %ili

a1 lilet reh'ast- of :()00 ial/g. \ fher 10 croi'ndsi. thle iloiji ri- is assliunedi li)J olm iliie rei. 14o

iiiillipareiI to iuiea-ireif traul-lision1 ill iiri I 8. 1114 [(eIII (of tile clodill at eqilirilill

%%a, lireicleed to li'- 2.7 in't,'r ihigh i fr I 55-iaaii HU". ilhoijlpgi- ireitiol. ii" (CL lilt]

ol (irigimda prf'icu'tliol- 1141 (oil tile ci'o14. I11%i'1i'r. it ha- lien deternuiedl tat tilt'

traniiii Iiiiie-oi-igiit 'llter-iie(I tile dutill-I s ebb a 2 toi 3 lineters. 14 Tlicrei'iilioll, are

11441 for tile- upprlo art ofi till ste/l~l441r 4'141i4 aria.

2. (.rlf 111. Eveml B Cohmpaurishon. IA lilt B 44~ilc oif~'t'ifu 1%4o ii I rom111 ~id lim actinig

inleirs oftl till' iul'ofs'it. Nil'4r4llgical iiniliin %seire dl'inllifi a: %%in i w14ed = 2.5

I .

C-,

0

CDC

Is

Loo

20)

PREDICTED VS. MEASURED CLOUD HEIGHTEVENT A

30

20 0x MEASURED THERMALE0 x- PREDICTED (With Heat)

0 ESR- IIOx .--- PREDICTED (Without Heat)

=x x10 0/

01

0 5 10 15TIME AFTER IMPACT (sec)

Figure 17. Predicted vs. me.-sured cloud height. (Graf 11, 10 Nov 78) (Reference 10)

PREDICTED VS. MEASURED TRANSMISSION (8-12jpm)EVENT A

20 ~// -MEASURED

/ -- PREDICTED STEM

~10 /0 PREDICTED CLOUD

(00

dc

Cd,

0 5 10 15TIME AFTER IMPACT (sec)

Figure 18. Predicted vs. measured transmission (8- to 12-Mm). iGraf 11, 10 Nov 78.) (Reierence 10)

21

PREDICTED VS. MEASURED CLOUD HEIGHTEVENT B

60

40 -0-~ 0

0 MEASURED SILICON

20 -x x MEASURED THERMAL-PREDICTED (With Heat)

I I I I -

0 10 20 30 40 50 60TIME AFTER IMPACT (sec)

Figure 19. Predicted vs. measured cloud height. (Graf 11, 17 Nov 78.) (Reference 10).

%IeaI.uredl andi plredictedl 8- to I 2-1tin transrniisiow are compaedr( in Figure 201.TIhe vf.fct of' II undu 2 are reflectedI in the tranin IIissi Ii a I 2(0 wcond f14I ro 11in i arlt

:3. Ft. Sill (otinpari~ori. Artillery HEL firings were conduceted. and Ile restilling dlij-i

%a Oharai-wrizvid at Ft. Sill. O klahomna. in Nlav 78 for PI' Simokel( )viiennaiii .

lea~ireul amnl 1ureulirled l for trial l)II-005-13. one roundu of I 55-mm I11-.art- comiaredu in Figure 21.

1. Stiokt- %'(-A I1 Cun~sipirisuun. N1ea,,urel amnd 1preuli4tel(:d art, ulavvil inni-i~nrf 22 for trial No. 29. -i' roimnul (of' I 5-unin 111. of Smnoke Aec.k 11. Theu Snmoke

A~ vek I I Iriak %%ve coundIuced at [gliii VBI in N\oensiuur 78 for VNM

um '

k

/Il u-

nran

11-1 1. 1,, - 1. 'd jI I dI I Ik ..1 1 ,1. m d -il p tI, P 4. -

I'M I. - -k.4ph . ...... " 1 -. 10

PREDICTED VS. MEASURED (RELATIVE) TRANSMISSION (8-12m)EVENT B

100

- MEASURED

PREDICTED STEM,50

I,-

I I f I I I

0 10 20 30 40 50 60TIME AFTER IMPACT (sec)

Figure 20. Predicted vs. measured transmission (8- to 12-pjm). (Graf II, 17 Nov 78) (Reference 10)

72 -- MEASURED

- -PREDICTED

64 FT. SILL, OKLA56 _ DPI-005-T3, 16 MAY 78

WINDSPEED - 7.3 M/S

48, PASQUILL CAT- C/D

I IMUNITION - 155mm, ART'YS40 I DELIVERED, 1 ROUND

32- I

24,

16+ ,

0 -t+J.

0 8 16 24 32 40 48

TIME AFTER DETONATION (SECONDS)Figure 21. Comparison of HE dust model to Ft. Sill data. (Reference 14)

23

o DCD ra

E)EE amC

Ln CD I--in e4a

-- 4 --

4'0- c

L J C.3%

= P- = a- ac-_ ) . LAJ CAt

L5 0 CDacOo Xi: cc A

00a Cl LL

C)C

4= 0L ~j Lcci 412 -x :E it~

x ~ ~ LA cc

E x~00

4=-LJ = 0

Cn -- xCD C3

cn ai c NL'i I.- C(~w4) i

240

C= C= 2 C; CC C C~oCD C 4=

%I]. C:ONCHi S.4'NS

The igniflican restsltI I roinI I tv i ivairemlelt . im P4 Iel iiig. ii mliiiauIN -e - It -vrilI ivil

Vill lie- *iaiiiarizvd in file lollol% in-g mlanner:

5 -All Mod 8- to) I2-pmt rvgioili thriiigli fog md iii *lO%s~ere ilc~iviipvd. 'Illi% all -calc 4,

2. % miethoiti 4 reprem-n it ' .,v' peirfo4rmancel -eili it~ %it) %airiafiii ii- fit-

11let44r4)I4gicaI elIv.ironmuieit %%. dIeI4iI . Illi, IllethuiN iliiie- till,' .14111 tci;,allilit'.. it

ruea lure o l peralin a efftve nvs' le-. a theDo ratio, of flit (perfo rmiv 14e raiw e thlrE iiih at

1)4111iil atmosphleric co)ndition IIto thle p~erfoirmance range expec1tedl it' t here '%* t- not

atmuosph~leric ilegrailatii.

3~. The~, co ~rIia uiidjti,,ii. allim'. log a leaA t a50070' recuiiitioni ranuge calablilt".ere calcilated f44r flitl TOi lligia..ill Jun ... i.... I .- ,-.l i, q.pciivo.l loi a %i-,ioIjtl%

of at least I kilomueter for it large rawg'iof' tank siglalure- init a -iiulner mod %%ilter (lit-irioiuueii. Thie % iliiliv 1)evificatiofI i- at critical mIetlorolovical paramueter (if flit- Tf )'

L. A w.eini-emplJirical model14 capale (of' predictuing ile- effetst (of' !nioki oim,,iiati,ii4)11 Oetro-Elptiial sysvte li1a beeni ileeloped for ti-4 in comb111at siniiationi- orv4'.aiatioihiof smnoke inuliitiowl kv the N ight Vision anl Ehetro-( 11,tice- Laboratonv am4 I t ( ivneralIRe~warch (Corp~oration. 'Ihe( N V& E(A )lJ(;Rf :~ V 1 Stokv .ole), at subsw of1 Ow1 Iotalmod44 el. flj- beenl program e fo 1)4I1 r 441111)11 ouer its(,.

5). The NV& E( )JR( U P Smioke M1odel i- '.%lIf %.alielateil to a'.ailalble fie-ld teA datafor ifs cajpaiif (4) prdc clouid divnuimioti, and trar. is .iori jprodtiecd lo ' static decdihi -

mlulet (of NNanaeoi 1~'. %s1.ei (f flit d ue oke modiel sti14I lia'e not 4)1 iven)43 re'oii'edbo-viise of it lack of dlata include tile e'ffects od' lii relati'e luidiii,lt.4 tile lit it-1i lfactoir

and (he effects. of artillerrilelk'ereei moike.

uoffer, at .iall tool 144r tile- anl.is 4I4IihlliI.N

25

D)ISTRIBUlTION I-OR NV&LOL RLPE.:RT 1)1[--NV-il R-O(J16

No. Copies Addressee No. Copies Addressee

I RAI)(O%16 Ilan I;k S SlclroAl HN )RIA ll.- -OA Wiurcn. %1l 41,000(

Ade i phi. %IDI 207 6 M31 P )ctNamu-cl

I lDirectoi W?.arren. Nil 4800Atmospheric Sciences LahAl UN I)F1LAS-0 I 'rae l laeWhite Sands Missile Rane, NMI 10" 'IRA(.ON

89002 Redstone, Arsenal. Ml 3 Xs00

Flirector I Project %Nlaei(S& TA Laboratory GI I111 ).A TIN: Df)LLCS-l) Redstone *Nsenlal. Al 35,S)0

Fort MN1 11100 II), NJ 07703Ilroject NI aim ccl

I Director VIM'[R All.\MSHlectronic VV:rlare [ab Redstone .Nrsenal. A L 3 S S0)

ATTN: 11 11)Fort Moumitli NJ 07703 1 Project Mana-er

I Director AVARA)(O

I lectlo(01ics "lechtno It eN & D cv ices St ours. NI() (,.,10

.ATN1)1VD Ill1-1) 1 Project iamiaielort Mhonmoutht. NJ 0770-3' IAl)S'PNVS

A VA RAl)(()I ('011n1taIdcr St Vluis. NI0 0 3 In

H arry lDiamnd la~bs 10

ATTN: 1)1. I l-A(' I onoandelAdelphi, Mil 20783 A R RC)Nl

NVIN DRINARCIlI Director Rock Island. 1I. 0)-",

Signal Warf~are LbhMN : ND )11SWI) I Projct NManage]

N/llt 11111 Station. N/A 2218X6 RP'VA/A RAIJCOM

I (ijct Nialuit St Lluis. NM( o3 Ioo\N. I lank Systemt

Wmm en. Ml 4809t I (ComnmanderARRAI)(ONATTN: l)RIAR-Sl(CD~over. NJ 07801

26

No. Copies' Addressee No. C opies Addressee

ORAN)UMi N \RAIX ()%

NI ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ A INIR~ iI l N l)R)N.'A.()

A I I(V l k I k ( 1 .6

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St Louis. Nil 0. 0 S.. I,10

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Wiatrrenl Nil 48090 iIl~ni \ A-N 2'Ot()

I ommrrIndi'r I I nrnnnnan.IC:

1 .NROMI ISAIS('

AJ FN I)RSIA-N( hI lickot, VA 2 2'O01)

Varren. \1l 48090(

27

No. Copies Addressee No. Copies Addressee

I IQI)A I Ph1 jci Mallagec

..AITN D),CA-(A I:HRl I:I DI R

t iMmuli. NJ 0377(13

2 I )c~cn',c' I) icr,4 Itill ('1

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Ca n IcrIon Sili I un IBId'-, Pl) h14ionl~f I 11iZI 4lvli sp

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No. Copies Addre%ee

I Iaiiscmiii AI:B,%A 0173(1

1S N~i\ .1 Oid ilice Lah/Wliitc OakATTN: Tchniiical IhraiNSilverSplrifig.I) 20910

NaIval I cc Iloiiics Ia A( II

Si n ieuv', (A 9 -1 S

Ailianicill IDewkipiicl mid I -1, ('11*\[IN D)1 OS!I li I Ihat\

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