Ncbc ecg-presentation 3

National Committee of

Buildings Codes in Kuwait

Energy Code Group

Can New National Energy

Code Deliver Efficient

Buildings?

Outline:

Forward

Introduction

Principle of Energy Codes and

Regulations

Scope of building energy codes

and regulations

Options for structures of building

energy codes and regulations

Advantages and disadvantages

of elemental and integrated

methods

Forward

The Kuwait government recently formed

National Building Codes Committee in

Kuwait. It identified that the building control

system in Kuwait is

‘…not broken, (but) it has some

significant weaknesses that must be

tackled if we are to ensure that it

remains fit for purpose in today’s world

and in the future’

MEW Enforcers

Minimum requirements for efficient

energy use in buildings have been

enforced by the Ministry of Electricity and

Water sector (MEW) for all new and

retrofitted buildings since 1983, through

an Energy Conservation Code of Practice

that takes into consideration the fact that

consumers pay only a fraction (5 to10%)

of actual cost of power and energy.

Introduction

MEW Enforcers

The 1983 code specifies minimum thermal

resistance for walls and roofs, size and

quality for glazing, fresh air requirements,

and performance standards for A/C

systems.

More importantly, the code fixes the

maximum allowable power for the A/C

system and lighting of buildings based on

the application, area and type of A/C

system.

Introduction

MEW Enforcers - Results

The energy conservation code, as

legislation, helps foster economic growth

and reduces adverse environmental impacts.

Energy conservation facilitates the

replacement of non-renewable resources

with renewable energy.

Energy conservation is often the most

economical solution to energy shortages,

and is a more environmentally being

alternative to increased energy production.

Introduction

Be easy to apply

Be applicable to all types of buildings and

systems

Be sufficiently adaptable/flexible to accept

new technologies and design approaches

Be easy and reliable to police

Produce reliable outcomes

Be consistent in application

Discriminate between better and less good

buildings

Not have adverse side effects (e.g. on health

or safety).

Principle of Energy Codes and Regulations

Building energy codes are typically divided

into sections dealing with envelope issues,

HVAC systems, lighting, and hot water

systems.

A comprehensive energy code should

include all these, though historically (and

currently) many building energy regulations

only address some of them.

Scope of building energy codes

and regulations

Options for structures of building

energy codes and regulations

Prescriptive and performance-based codes

“A prescriptive approach describes an

acceptable solution while a performance

approach describes the required

performance” (Foliente, 2000)

Codes could have mixed of prescriptive and

performance-based approached

Elemental and Integrated procedure for

compliance


of elemental and integrated methods

Elemental structure

◦ An elemental structure is the easiest to

follow and is generally preferred by

designers and builders of relatively small

buildings. Since the key issues for

compliance relate to the products and

construction methods, it is often possible

for manufacturers to check and certify

performance (for windows, for example)

or to have straightforward calculation rules

(say insulation). This takes compliance

checking more straightforward (though not

entirely problem-free).

Integrated Methods

◦ Integrated methods are more flexible, but

are more difficult to apply and check.

They require the use of a calculation

procedure, usually computer-based,

which may be more or less complex

depending on the scope of the code.

◦ Often, residential calculation procedures

are relatively simple, while those for non-

residential buildings are more complex.



Integrated Methods

◦ Integrated methods can set generic targets

that are typically expressed in kWh/m²

per year with different target values for

different building types, such as offices,

schools, and sport halls



Combined Methods

◦ With careful design of the process, it is

possible to combine the advantages of

both approaches.

◦ The elemental performance levels set for

the reference building of an integrated

method comprise a set of requirements

that guarantee compliance.



Combined Methods

◦ Therefore there is no need to carry out the

calculation for a building that complies

with all the elemental requirements. Only

if the designer chooses to take advantage

of the flexibility offered by the integrated

approach then a calculation is needed.





Performance Based Codes

◦ The code should be performance based

and should take the form of an

integrated energy calculation that

includes the demands generated by the

building fabric and its occupants upon

all the fixed building services, and the

performance of the systems that satisfy

those demands. It should include all

energy supplies to the building.

Sequence of Building Regulations

A typical development sequence of building

energy regulations is:

◦ Elemental thermal requirements

◦ Add trade-offs between elements

◦ Fully integrated calculations

◦ Extension to energy performance rating.

Enforcement of building regulations

◦ Compliance with mandatory minimum performance requirements should be confirmed by formally certified private assessors, who charge building owners for their services. The process should be audited by the authority under which the code is issued – normally local or central government – or by their agents. The audit process should have the ultimate sanction of removing accreditation from assessors, subject to proper appeals and review procedures.

Code Basic Structure of Building

Regulation


◦ Pre-consultation

Most countries provide the facility for

informal discussion of proposed

projects between applicants and

building authorities.

◦ Approval of plans

Approval of plans is generally

required.


Regulation


◦ Pre-consultation

◦ Start of construction

In most countries start of construction

has to be notified to the building

authority.

◦ Inspection during construction

In principle, works are inspected

during construction. Inspection may

be by local authority or private

organization or both according to

country.


Regulation


◦ Responsibility for control

Responsibility is split between the

public and private sectors in ways that

differ between countries

The responsibility for granting permits

almost always rests with local

authorities, although in England and

Wales private organizations are

qualified so to do.


Regulation


Regulation

Required Performance Levels

◦ As a general principle, mandatory

minimum performance levels should

reflect an assessment of the balance of

costs and benefits to society, including

external costs.


Regulation

Fiscal action

◦ Fiscal incentives or penalties should be

linked to building energy labels.

Demonstration Action

◦ Programs should be funded to

demonstrate (or not) the feasibility of

buildings that exceed current regulatory

minimum performance levels.

National Committee of

Buildings Codes in Kuwait

Forming of

Energy Code Group

Council of Ministers’ Decree # 1145, dated August 16th,2010.

National Committee of Building

Codes in Kuwait

Forming Energy Code Committee

Dr. Ali Al-Ajmi Chair

Prof. Abdullatif Ben Nakhi Member

Eng. Fareed Alghmlas Member

Eng. Wid Al-Amer Member

Dr. Adnan A. Al Anzi Member

Dr. Essam Assem Member

Dr. Souror Alotaibi Member

Dr. Ali Alajmi

Assistance Professor

Mechanical Engineering

PAAET - College of Technological Studies

Education:

• PhD. in Mechanical Engineering - Built Environment,

Loughborough University, UK. - Aug. 2006

• M.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering, Kuwait University, Kuwait -

March 1997

• B.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering, Kuwait University, Kuwait -

July 1994

Research Interest:

Building Optimization using Genetic Algorithm, Building

Simulations, Building Energy Auditing, Building Conservation,

Green Building Concepts, Building system rating, Indoor Air

Quality (IAQ), Heat transfer, Heat Exchangers, Performance of the

New Refrigerants.


Prof. Abdullatif Ben-Nakhi

Mechanical Engineering

PAAET - College of Technological Studies

Education:

• Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering , University of Strathclyde,

Glasgow, Scotland (UK) - (1992 – 1995).

• M.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering, University of Dayton,

Dayton, Ohio (USA) - (1988 – 1989).

• B.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering, Kuwait University, Khaldia,

Kuwait - (1981 – 1986).

Research Interest:

• Energy Conservation in Buildings, Computational Fluid

Dynamics, Combined Heat and Moisture Flow, Natural

Convection, Conjugate Heat Flow, Air-Conditioning System,

and intelligent control approaches for HVACR.


Eng. Fareed Alghimlas

Senior Research Associate

Buildings and Energy Technologies Department

Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research

Education:

• M.Sc. in Building System Engineering Program, University of

Colorado, Boulder, CO. USA -1996.

• B.Sc. in Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado,

Boulder, CO. USA -1988.

Research Interest:

Building energy simulation, thermal analysis of buildings, energy

efficiency in buildings, energy auditing, building energy codes,

LEED certification, energy policy and modelling, district energy

systems, HVAC system design, indoor air quality and industrial

ventilation.


Eng. Wid Alamer

Chief Mechanical Engineer

Option-1

Raad Alabdallah Consulting Engineers - Kuwait

Education:

• M. Phil. in Mechanical Engineering, Brighton University, U.K.-

1982

• B.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering, Brighton University, U.K. -

1976.

Research Interest:

Energy Conservation, Solar Systems


Dr. Adnan Al-Anzi

Professor

Architecture Engineering Department

College of Engineering & Petroleum –Kuwait University

Education:

• Ph.D. in Civil Engineering/Building Systems, University of

Colorado at Boulder, CO - 1999.

• M.Sc. in Civil Engineering/Building Systems, University of

Colorado at Boulder, CO - 1993.

• B.Sc. in Architectural Engineering, University of Miami,Coral

Gables, FL.(Cum Laudi) - 1987.

Research Interest:

Thermal analysis of building, Mechanical systems of buildings,

Integration of building systems, Indoor air quality, Solar analysis of

buildings, Heat Transfer in ground-coupled buildings, Shading

analysis and glass in architecture.


Dr. Essam Assem

Associate Research Scientist

Buildings and Energy Technologies Department

Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research

Education:

• Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering, University of Strathclyde,

Glasgow, Scotland, U.K. -1993.

• M.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering, University of

Strathclyde,Glasgow, Scotland, U.K.-1989

• B.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering, University of Northumbria,

Newcastle Upon Tyne, U.K. -1985.

Research Interest:

Management in Research and Development , Technical Analysis,

Thermal Systems Analysis, Renewable Energy Applications,

Energy Efficiency & Conservation, Building Physics, Modeling &

Simulation of Buildings & HVAC Systems, Technical

Documentation, Project & Investment Appraisal


Dr. Sorour Alotiabi

Associate Professor

Mechanical Engineering Department

College of Engineering & Petroleum –Kuwait University

Education:

• Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame,

Notre Dame, USA – 2003.

• M.Sc. in Aerospace Engineering, University of Notre Dame,

Notre Dame, USA – 2001.

• M.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering, Syracuse University,

Syracuse. USA – 1998.

• B.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering, Kuwait University, Kuwait –

1995.

Research Interest:

Desalination and power plants, Solar Energy, Energy policy and

energy management, Controllability problem in thermal systems,

Heat Exchangers, HVAC.


Availability and Difficulty

The committee strategy of reviewing the

existing code

◦ Comparing the regional (G.C.C) and

Global (ASHREA 90.2) to the existing

energy code

◦ Possibility of changing the main

philosophy of the existing energy code

(MEW R-6/7)

◦ Degree of changing on this stage

On glance review of the existing energy

code period of review, see Figure below

Frequent of Updating National

Energy Code

1975 1980 1989 1999 2001 2004 2007

U.S.

Kuwait

Implementation of A Successful

Standard and Codes

Energy Code Group Action Plan

1. Identifying the main objectives and

Mandate of the committee

2. Measures to achieve these objectives

3. Setting meeting schedule for the

upcoming year and means of

communicating.

Tasks for Energy Code Committee

The National Building Codes Committee has

assign task of different aspect with main

objectives and time frame:

Review the existing code, compare it with

regional and global codes

Minors changing only to be done, until a

whole changing to the building codes

strategy prepared

One year is given for this changing with

10-15% of changing

Meeting Schedules

# Meeting Date Activities

1 October 25, 2010 • Introduction

• Brainstorming group activity

2 November 1, 2010 • Brainstorming group activity

(Cont.)

3 December 6, 2010

• Review of Arab Code, Saudi

Building Code

• Comparison of R6 to Arab Code

and Saudi Building Code

4 December 13, 2010

• Review of Arab Code, Saudi

Building Code (Cont.)

• Comparison of R6 to Arab Code

and Saudi Building Code (Cont.)

• Addition of section “Purpose” to

R6

Meeting Schedules (Cont.)


5 December 13, 2010

• Review of section 3

“Definitions”

• Addition of more definitions

from ASHRAE

6 December 27, 2010

• Review of Section 4 “Typical

Meteorological Year (TMY),

Design Conditions and Design

Day Profiles”

• Review of section 7 “Minimum

Required Energy Conservation

Measures for Buildings”



7 January 3, 2011



Measures for Buildings” (Cont.)

8 January 10, 2011




• Presentation Strategic Plan of the

group for the upcoming year

9 January 17, 2011

• Acceptance of Strategic Plan of

the group for the upcoming year






10 January 24, 2011




• Definitions added

11 February 14, 2012








• Definitions' added

13 March 7, 2011






14 March 14, 2011




• Definitions added

15 March 24, 2011

• Review of Section 5 “Methods of

Load Estimation”

• Review of Section 6 “Basic

Energy Conservation

Requirements”

16 April 4, 2011

• Review of Section 5 “Methods of

Load Estimation” (Cont.)


Energy Conservation

Requirements” Cont.)



17 April 11, 2011


Energy Conservation

Requirements” (Cont.)

18 April 18, 2011


Energy Conservation


19 April 25, 2011

• Discussion on amendment of

tables 5 & 6.

• Addition of definitions


Energy Conservation




20 May 9, 2011

• Amendment and addition of

Definitions.

• Completion of Review of

Section 5 & 6.

21 May 16, 2011

• Review of some pending items

on section 7.

• Amendment and addition of

Definitions.

22 May 23, 2011

• Acceptance of amendment to the

tables 5 & 6.

• Finalization on the amendment

to some definitions.



23 September 28, 2011

• Rephrasing titles of tables

• Review of some pending issues

of section 4 & 5.

24 October 10, 2011

• Finalizing of definition of A/C

• Finalizing of definition of Mixed

Used Buildings.

25 October 17, 2011 • Review of some pending items

on section 7. (Cont.)







28 November 21, 2011 • Review of some pending items


29 November 28, 2011

• Completion of review of section

7.

• Overview of Section 8 and

distribution of task of

preliminary review among the

group.

30 December 7, 2011

• Submission of individual

preliminary review of section 8,

discussion and finalizing the

review and acceptance of sub-

sections.



30 December 7, 2011





sections. (Cont.)

31 December 12, 2011





sections. (Cont.)

32 December 19, 2011





sections. (Cont.)



33 January 9, 2012





sections. (Cont.)






sections. (Cont.)

35 March 5, 2012





sections. (Cont.)



36 March 12, 2012





sections. (Cont.)

37 March 19, 2012

• Review of section 8 completed.

• Distribution of section 9, 10, 11

& 12 for individual preliminary

review.

38 April 2, 2012



discussed and finalized

39 April 9, 2012



11 & 12, discussed and finalized

Parts of Changings on the Code (old)

Table 6. Basic Energy Conservation Requirements of Different Standard Buildings*.

Building Type Lighting(W/m2)

A/C Systems (W/m2)**

DX** Air-Cooled

Chiller

Water-Cooled Chiller

<250 RT 250<RT<500 >500 RT

Residential - Villa - Apartment

10 10

60 60

71 71

53 53

46 46

44 44

Clinic 20 85 100 75 65 63

School 20 100 118 88 76 74

Mosque

- prayer area

20

115

135

101

88

85

Fast food restaurant - Stand-alone - In a mall

20 20

145 120

171 141

128 106

111 92

107 88

Office 20 70 82 62 54 51

Shopping mall Stand alone shops

40 40

70 80

82 94

62 71

54 61

51 59

Community hall, dining hall, theatre Show room

20 40

115 115

135 135

101 101

88 88

85 85

* This table is based on zero diversity. **DX = direct expansion; A/C = air-conditioning

Parts of Changings on the Code (new)

Table 5. Basic Energy Conservation Requirements of Different Standard Buildings*.

Building Type

Lighting (W/m2) **

A/C Systems (W/m2)

DX*** Air-

Cooled Chiller

Water-Cooled Chiller

<250 RT 250<RT<500 >500 RT

Residential - Villa

- Apartment

8 8

60 60

65 65

53 53

46 46

44 44

Clinic 11 85 100 75 65 63 School 13 100 118 88 76 74

Mosque

- prayer area

14

115

135

101

88

85

Fast food restaurant

- Stand-alone - In a mall

15 15

145 120

171 141

128 106

111 92

107 88

Office 11 70 82 62 54 51

Shopping mall

16 70 82 62 54 51

Community hall, dining hall, theatre

17 115 135 101 88 85

* This table is based on zero diversity. For more details refer to ASHRAE 90.1 ** For spaces in which lighting is specified to be installed in addition to the general lighting for the purpose of decorative appearance, such as chandelier-type luminaries or sconces or for highlighting art or exhibits, provided that the additional lighting power shall not exceed 11 W/m2 of such spaces. *** DX = direct expansion


Table 7. Maximum Allowable U values for Different Types of Walls and Roofs

Description Wall Roof

Heavy construction, medium-light external color 0.568 (0.1) 0.397 (0.07)

Heavy construction, dark external color 0.426 (0.075) 0.256 (0.045)

Medium construction, medium-light external color 0.483 (0.085) 0.341 (0.06)

Medium construction, dark external color 0.426 (0.075) 0.199 (0.035)

Light construction, medium-light external color 0.426 (0.075) 0.284 (0.05)

Light construction, dark external color 0.369 (0.065) 0.170 (0.03)

Note: All figures are given in W/m2.°K (Btu/h.ft2.°F)


Table 6. Maximum Allowable U values for Different Types of Walls and Roofs.

Description Wall Roof

Thermal Mass1

U-value2 Thermal Mass1

U-value2

Very light construction, light color

< 50 (< 2.4)

0.227 (0.04) < 25

(< 1.2) 0.155 (0.027)

Light construction, dark external color

50-220 (2.4-10.8)

0.369 (0.065) 25 – 110 (1.2-5.4)

0.170 (0.03)

Light construction, medium-light external color

0.426 (0.075) 0.284 (0.05)

Medium construction, dark external color

221 – 440 (10.9-21.5)

0.426 (0.075)

111 – 220 (5.5-10.8)

0.199 (0.035)

Medium construction, medium-light external color

0.483 (0.085) 0.341 (0.06)

Heavy construction, dark external color

> 440 (> 21.5)

0.426 (0.075) > 220

(> 10.8)

0.256 (0.045)

Heavy construction, medium-light external color

0.568 (0.1) 0.397 (0.07)

1. Figures are given in kJ/m2.C (Btu/ft2.F)

2. Figures are given in W/m2.C (Btu/h.ft2.F) Thermal bridging must be included in calculation of U-Value of wall and roof


System Power Rating (kW/RT)

Type Capacity (RT)

PRCHIL PRCTF PRCW PRCHW PRAH PRT

Ducted Split and Packaged Units

All 1.70

Air-cooled 100

1.600 0.050 0.350 2.00 100-250

250

Water-cooled * 250 0.950 0.040 0.060 0.070 0.380

1.50 250-500 0.950 1.50 500-1000 0.750 1.30 1000 0.70 1.25

Table 10. Maximum Power Rating for Different Types of A/C Systems and their

Components

A/C = air-conditioning; RT = refrigeration ton; kW = kilowatt; PR = power rating

Subscripts; CHIL=chiller, CTF=cooling tower fan, CW=condenser water pump,

CHW=chilled water pumps, AH=Air-handling fan unit, T=total

* Capacity shown is for individual chillers.


System Power Rating (kW/RT)

Type Capacity

(RT) PRCHIL PRAH PRT

Ducted Split and Packaged Units All 1.70

Air-Cooled All 1.60 0.35 2.00

Water-Cooled

0-499 0.95 0.38

1.50

500-999 0.75 1.30

1000 0.7 1.25

Table 8. Maximum Power Rating for Different Types of A/C

Systems and their Components.

A/C = air-conditioning; RT = refrigeration ton; kW = kilowatt; PR = power rating

Subscripts;

CHIL = chiller, AH = Air-handling fan unit, AUX = chilled water pumps &/or condenser

water pumps &/or cooling tower fans, T = total

* Capacity shown is per individual chiller.

Comparison between the

Existing and New Code

Comparison between the

Existing and New Code

Results shows saving around 20% with similar HVAC system.

Current & Future Actions

Review the amendment by MEW

A discussion to incorporating

MEW comments with the

committee members will be held

soon.

An open discussion with the end

users of the code.

Open for public review.

Conclusion

Codes have to simple and

adoptable.

A continues improvement of codes

is required

A new philosophy of the MEW

codes need to be addressed

A tremendous of research is

required for upcoming code’s

amendments

Enforcement strategy need to be

implemented.

Thanks

for your kind listening

Ncbc ecg-presentation 3

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