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Diabetic neuropathy symptomsNumbness and tingling of extremitiesDysesthesia (abnormal sensation to a body part)DiarrheaErectile dysfunctionUrinary incontinence (loss of bladder control)Facial, mouth and eyelid drooping

Vision changesDizzinessuscle !ea"nessDifficulty s!allo!ing#peech impairmentFasciculation (muscle contractions)

$norgasmia%&urning or electric pain%

'lipizide

#econd generation sulfonylurea

lose * channel in +cell membrane, so celldepolarizes* triggering of insulin release -ia a.*influx/

#timulate release of endogenous insulin in type. D/ 0e1uire some islet function, so useless intype 2 D

3oxicity4 5ypoglycemiaNF6&

$cti-ation occurs !hen it7s inhibitor, 86&, isphosphorylated by specific protein "inase (8)9 degraded:eads to synthesis of prostaglandins andleu"otrienes

86&0eleases NF6& after undergoing

phosphorylation

8nsulin secretion2/ 'lucose binds 'lut. receptor on +cells./ 'lucose oxidizes to $3; closes channelsin cell membrane depolarization of +cellsa=? >name of this card?

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'luco"inase:i-er and + cells of pancreas:o! affinity (5igh m), high capacity (5igh

Vm)

8nduced by insulin

8t7s a %glu%ton has high Vmax b@c it can7t besatisfied

$t lo! glucose concentration, hexo"inasese1uesters glucose in the tissues/

$h high glucose concentration, excess glucose isstored in the li-er

'lucoseAphosphatase

8n E0'lucoseA;'lucose

:i-er (Not present in muscle);robably stimulated by glucacon

Deficient in Von 'ier"e7s disease#e-ere fasting hypoglycemiaglycogen in li-erblood lactatehepatomegaly

'lycogen phosphorylase0ate determining enzyme for glycogenolysis

#"eletal component deficient in c$rdle7sdiseaseglycogen in muscle, but can7t brea" it do!n;ainful muscle cramps, myoglobinuria !@strenuous exercise

;hosphoenolpyru-ate carboxy"inase

8rre-ersible enzyme in 'luconeogenesis;hosphorylase "inase

$n early component of 'luconeogenesis

&ranchial apparatus

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$; o-ers outside from insidelefts B ectoderm

$rches B mesoderm;ouches B endoderm

2st &rachial archartilage4ec"el7s (andible, alleus, andibular)

uscles4uscles of mastication (asseter, medialpterygoids, ylohyoid)

Ne-es4N V., V