NAVMED P-5010, Manual of the Naval Preventive Medicine, Chapter 6

NAVMED P-5010 Manual of Preventive NAVMED P-5010 Manual of Preventive MedicineMedicine

NAVMED P-5010 Chapter 6 NAVMED P-5010 Chapter 6 Water Supply AfloatWater Supply Afloat

A presentation by:A presentation by:


ScopeScope

Provides information for safe and proper potable Provides information for safe and proper potable water handling procedures aboard vessels.water handling procedures aboard vessels.

All personnel concerned with loading, treatment, All personnel concerned with loading, treatment, storage, distribution, and medical surveillance of storage, distribution, and medical surveillance of potable water should be familiar with current potable water should be familiar with current OPNAV, Fleet, Type, Area, Force, and OPNAV, Fleet, Type, Area, Force, and Command Instructions and Notices. Command Instructions and Notices.


ResponsibilitiesResponsibilities

Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEASYSCOM)-Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEASYSCOM)- responsible responsible for the design, construction, and maintenance of the shipboard for the design, construction, and maintenance of the shipboard potable water supply, distribution systems, treatment facilities and potable water supply, distribution systems, treatment facilities and processes to assure that safe drinking water is available at all times.processes to assure that safe drinking water is available at all times.Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFACENGCOM)-Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFACENGCOM)-responsible for promulgating instructions for ship-to-shore potable responsible for promulgating instructions for ship-to-shore potable water connections and for providing potable water from an approved water connections and for providing potable water from an approved source when the ship is berthed at a naval facility.source when the ship is berthed at a naval facility.Chief, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery (BUMED)-Chief, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery (BUMED)-establish and establish and promulgate standards for water quality ashore and afloat, promulgate standards for water quality ashore and afloat, appropriate instructions, notices, or other publications to reflect appropriate instructions, notices, or other publications to reflect water quality requirements and will insure medical surveillance of water quality requirements and will insure medical surveillance of potable water distribution systems aboard ship and overseas potable water distribution systems aboard ship and overseas activities. activities.



Area, fleet, and subordinate commanders-Area, fleet, and subordinate commanders- issue the necessary issue the necessary implementing directives to insure that adequate water sanitation implementing directives to insure that adequate water sanitation standards are provided and enforced in each ship within the standards are provided and enforced in each ship within the command.command.

Commanding Officer-Commanding Officer-promulgate a water sanitation bill to insure promulgate a water sanitation bill to insure that procedures for receipt, transfer, treatment, storage, distribution, that procedures for receipt, transfer, treatment, storage, distribution, and surveillance are provided and followed.and surveillance are provided and followed.

Engineering Department-Engineering Department-responsible to the Commanding Officer responsible to the Commanding Officer for implementing the requirements of the Naval Sea Systems for implementing the requirements of the Naval Sea Systems Command, including the operation and maintenance of the Command, including the operation and maintenance of the shipboard water supply system, production of an adequate amount shipboard water supply system, production of an adequate amount of water, and insuring bacteriological purity through disinfection.of water, and insuring bacteriological purity through disinfection.



Medical Department-Medical Department-conducts a comprehensive conducts a comprehensive medical surveillance program of the potable water medical surveillance program of the potable water system including adequacy of disinfecting procedures, system including adequacy of disinfecting procedures, collection of samples for bacteriological analysis, and collection of samples for bacteriological analysis, and daily halogen residuals from the distribution system. daily halogen residuals from the distribution system.

The Medical Department shall notify the Commanding The Medical Department shall notify the Commanding Officer of any discrepancies observed in the water Officer of any discrepancies observed in the water distribution system. distribution system.


Shipboard Potable WaterShipboard Potable Water

Obtained by the following means: Obtained by the following means:

Distillation or other approved methodDistillation or other approved method

Shore-to-ship delivery from an approved Shore-to-ship delivery from an approved source source

Shore-to-ship delivery from an unapproved Shore-to-ship delivery from an unapproved source source

Ship-to-shipShip-to-ship


Sea WaterSea Water

Prohibited in all food services spaces unless approved by BUMED. Prohibited in all food services spaces unless approved by BUMED. Cross connections between potable and sea water of other systems Cross connections between potable and sea water of other systems are not permitted. are not permitted. Specific garbage grinders have been approved by BUMED for use Specific garbage grinders have been approved by BUMED for use in designated sculleries. in designated sculleries. Permitted on ice cream machines and ice machines for cooling Permitted on ice cream machines and ice machines for cooling purposes.purposes.Used in the fire mains and under certain controlled circumstances, Used in the fire mains and under certain controlled circumstances, such as: flushing weather decks, water closets, urinals, garbage such as: flushing weather decks, water closets, urinals, garbage chutes, decontamination showers and laundering. chutes, decontamination showers and laundering. If it is necessary in an emergency situation to produce water from If it is necessary in an emergency situation to produce water from contaminated sources, the Medical Department must insure that contaminated sources, the Medical Department must insure that increased surveillance of the system is instituted.increased surveillance of the system is instituted.


Potable Water UsagePotable Water Usage

Type of useType of use Gallon per person per Gallon per person per dayday

Drinking waterDrinking water 0.5-1.00.5-1.0

Galley and SculleryGalley and Scullery 1.5-4.01.5-4.0

Personal and HygienePersonal and Hygiene 5.0-20.05.0-20.0

LaundryLaundry 5.0-20.05.0-20.0

TotalTotal 12.0-35.012.0-35.0


Approved SourcesApproved Sources

Facilities owned and/or operated by the U.S. military. Facilities owned and/or operated by the U.S. military.

Water points listed in U.S. Public Health Service, Food and Drug Water points listed in U.S. Public Health Service, Food and Drug Administration, publication, "Acceptable Vessel Watering Points Administration, publication, "Acceptable Vessel Watering Points Interstate Conveyance Official Classification List." Contact the area Interstate Conveyance Official Classification List." Contact the area Navy Environmental and Preventive Medicine Unit Navy Environmental and Preventive Medicine Unit (NAVENPVNTMEDU).(NAVENPVNTMEDU).

Establishments under the cognizance of the British Royal Navy, Establishments under the cognizance of the British Royal Navy, Canadian Forces, and the Royal Australian Navy. These sources Canadian Forces, and the Royal Australian Navy. These sources are subject to termination or modification.are subject to termination or modification.

See the current American-British-Canadian-Australian Naval See the current American-British-Canadian-Australian Naval Quadripartite Standardization Agreement Program, ABCA Quadripartite Standardization Agreement Program, ABCA NAVSTAG 23, Quality Standards for Potable Water.NAVSTAG 23, Quality Standards for Potable Water.


Sources Doubtful QualitySources Doubtful Quality

The Medical Officer, Medical Department The Medical Officer, Medical Department Representative (MDR), or a responsible Representative (MDR), or a responsible officer must investigate the source and officer must investigate the source and examine the water as thoroughly as examine the water as thoroughly as possible with the means available; he possible with the means available; he must then advise the Commanding Officer. must then advise the Commanding Officer.


Care Of Potable Care Of Potable Water HosesWater Hoses

Must not be used for any other purpose.Must not be used for any other purpose.They must be properly labeled, stored, and protected from sources They must be properly labeled, stored, and protected from sources of contamination at all times, must be examined routinely and of contamination at all times, must be examined routinely and removed from use when cracks develop in the lining or leaks occur. removed from use when cracks develop in the lining or leaks occur. The receiving connection of ship potable water risers shall be at The receiving connection of ship potable water risers shall be at least 18 inches above the deck and turned down, except when the least 18 inches above the deck and turned down, except when the risers are located within the ship, such as in submarines. Each hose risers are located within the ship, such as in submarines. Each hose connection must be fitted with a cap and keeper chain. Ship risers connection must be fitted with a cap and keeper chain. Ship risers must be properly labeled, color coded, and disinfected prior to each must be properly labeled, color coded, and disinfected prior to each use.use.Sounding tubes for potable water tanks will be equipped with screw Sounding tubes for potable water tanks will be equipped with screw caps attached to keeper chains and must be secured with a lock. caps attached to keeper chains and must be secured with a lock. On those ships with sounding rods, when not in actual use, the rod On those ships with sounding rods, when not in actual use, the rod should remain in the tube at all times. On those ships utilizing steel should remain in the tube at all times. On those ships utilizing steel tapes, the tape must be sanitized prior to each use and must be tapes, the tape must be sanitized prior to each use and must be used for potable water measurements only.used for potable water measurements only.


Shore-Ship ProceduresShore-Ship Procedures

Remove cap and flush pier side potable water outlet for 15 to 30 Remove cap and flush pier side potable water outlet for 15 to 30 seconds. Immerse outlet and rinse fitting in a solution containing seconds. Immerse outlet and rinse fitting in a solution containing 100 ppm chlorine for at least 2 minutes. Flush to waste for 15 to 30 100 ppm chlorine for at least 2 minutes. Flush to waste for 15 to 30 seconds. seconds. Deliver a clean disinfected potable water hose to the outlet just Deliver a clean disinfected potable water hose to the outlet just before the connection is made (potable water hoses should be before the connection is made (potable water hoses should be provided by the shore facility). Remove hose caps or uncouple hose provided by the shore facility). Remove hose caps or uncouple hose ends and disinfect if necessary. Connect to pierside outlet and flush. ends and disinfect if necessary. Connect to pierside outlet and flush. Disinfect shipboard riser connections. Connect hose to the potable Disinfect shipboard riser connections. Connect hose to the potable water shipboard riser and deliver potable water. water shipboard riser and deliver potable water. When the transfer is completed, secure the shore water source, When the transfer is completed, secure the shore water source, remove the ship connection, then the shore connection. Thoroughly remove the ship connection, then the shore connection. Thoroughly flush the potable water outlet and recap. Drain the potable water flush the potable water outlet and recap. Drain the potable water hose thoroughly and store in the potable water hose storage locker. hose thoroughly and store in the potable water hose storage locker.


Ship to shipShip to ship

Supplying ship will provide hoses.Supplying ship will provide hoses.

The leading potable water hose should have the cap in place during The leading potable water hose should have the cap in place during the high-line procedure. the high-line procedure.

When the potable water hose is secured by the receiving ship, the When the potable water hose is secured by the receiving ship, the cap is removed and the hose coupling is disinfected. cap is removed and the hose coupling is disinfected.

Both ships disinfect their respective potable water riser connections. Both ships disinfect their respective potable water riser connections.

The supplying ship connects its end and flushes the hose.The supplying ship connects its end and flushes the hose.

When the transfer is completed, the receiving ship removes the When the transfer is completed, the receiving ship removes the potable water hose and replaces the caps on the receiving potable water hose and replaces the caps on the receiving connection and the potable water hose.connection and the potable water hose.

The supplying ship then retrieves, couples or caps, and properly The supplying ship then retrieves, couples or caps, and properly stores the potable water hose.stores the potable water hose.


Potable Water ProductionPotable Water Production

Distilling plants installed on naval vessels are of three general Distilling plants installed on naval vessels are of three general types:types:

1.1. Steam distilling plants are operated by steam supplied directly or Steam distilling plants are operated by steam supplied directly or indirectly from a power plant or auxiliary boiler.indirectly from a power plant or auxiliary boiler.

2.2. Waste heat distilling plants are submerged tube type and use heat Waste heat distilling plants are submerged tube type and use heat derived from diesel engine jacket water. derived from diesel engine jacket water.

3.3. Vapor compression type require primarily only electrical energy for Vapor compression type require primarily only electrical energy for operations; however, additional heat exchangers that use waste operations; however, additional heat exchangers that use waste heat (exhaust gas or cooling water) may be installed.heat (exhaust gas or cooling water) may be installed.Reverse OsmosisReverse OsmosisPotable water production is an engineering responsibility, the Potable water production is an engineering responsibility, the Medical Department must be cognizant of the process in order to Medical Department must be cognizant of the process in order to adequately provide surveillance and recommendations associated adequately provide surveillance and recommendations associated with potable water. with potable water.


Potable Water TanksPotable Water Tanks

The construction and location of potable water The construction and location of potable water tanks should prevent contamination of the tanks should prevent contamination of the contents. For full utilization of space, potable contents. For full utilization of space, potable water is stored on most ships in inner bottom water is stored on most ships in inner bottom tanks, other skin tanks, and peak tanks. tanks, other skin tanks, and peak tanks.

Potable water tanks should not be filled with Potable water tanks should not be filled with ballast water unless absolutely necessary for the ballast water unless absolutely necessary for the survival of the ship.survival of the ship.


Vents and/or Overflow LinesVents and/or Overflow Lines

The openings must be screened with 18-mesh The openings must be screened with 18-mesh or finer non-corrosive metal wire.or finer non-corrosive metal wire.

They must not terminate in food service, They must not terminate in food service, medical, toilet or other spaces where medical, toilet or other spaces where contamination or odors may be transmitted to contamination or odors may be transmitted to the water, nor in any space where electrical or the water, nor in any space where electrical or electronic equipment is located. electronic equipment is located.

In no instance will potable water tanks vent In no instance will potable water tanks vent outside the ship.outside the ship.


ManholesManholes

If a manhole is located on the side of the tank, flush-type If a manhole is located on the side of the tank, flush-type construction is acceptable.construction is acceptable.If located on the top (including the deck, if the deck If located on the top (including the deck, if the deck forms the top of the tank), a coaming or curb rising at forms the top of the tank), a coaming or curb rising at least one-half inch above the top of the tank must be least one-half inch above the top of the tank must be provided and the manhole cover must extend to the provided and the manhole cover must extend to the outer edge of the curb or flange. The cover must have an outer edge of the curb or flange. The cover must have an intact gasket and a device for securing it in place. intact gasket and a device for securing it in place. Normally, manholes not exposed to the weather decks Normally, manholes not exposed to the weather decks are fitted with the flush-type manhole cover or the raised, are fitted with the flush-type manhole cover or the raised, bolted-plate cover. The latter is preferable for potable bolted-plate cover. The latter is preferable for potable water tanks.water tanks.


Measurement of Water LevelMeasurement of Water Level

There are several methods for measurement of water in tanks There are several methods for measurement of water in tanks including automatic level gauges, petcocks, and sounding tubes. including automatic level gauges, petcocks, and sounding tubes.

Sounding rods, when not in use, the rod should remain in the tube Sounding rods, when not in use, the rod should remain in the tube at all times. On those ships using steel tapes, the tapes must be at all times. On those ships using steel tapes, the tapes must be sanitized prior to each use, stored in a sanitary manner, and used sanitized prior to each use, stored in a sanitary manner, and used only for potable water measurements.only for potable water measurements.

Sounding tapes may be sanitized by soaking the entire tape Sounding tapes may be sanitized by soaking the entire tape apparatus in a solution of 100 ppm chlorine for two minutes. apparatus in a solution of 100 ppm chlorine for two minutes.

Another method which can be used involves wiping the tape with a Another method which can be used involves wiping the tape with a clean rag soaked in a disinfectant solution such as food service clean rag soaked in a disinfectant solution such as food service disinfectant, iodine disinfectant or alcohol sponges. disinfectant, iodine disinfectant or alcohol sponges.


Potable Water PipingPotable Water Piping

Insure than an adequate air gap is provided Insure than an adequate air gap is provided between the potable water outlet and a non-between the potable water outlet and a non-potable water system, should be airtight and free potable water system, should be airtight and free from cross-connectionsfrom cross-connections The hot water heaters serving habitability The hot water heaters serving habitability spaces must limit the minimum and maximum spaces must limit the minimum and maximum temperature of the water at the plumbing fixture temperature of the water at the plumbing fixture to 130°F and 140°F respectfully to 130°F and 140°F respectfully Charcoal impregnated or other filter equipment Charcoal impregnated or other filter equipment shall not be connected to potable water piping shall not be connected to potable water piping outletsoutlets


RepairsRepairs

If any break, accidental or intentional, occurs in If any break, accidental or intentional, occurs in the potable water system, or a potable water the potable water system, or a potable water tank is entered for any reason, all involved tank is entered for any reason, all involved tanks, parts and lines must be disinfected prior tanks, parts and lines must be disinfected prior to returning the system to use.to returning the system to use.

The Medical Department must be notified of the The Medical Department must be notified of the break or entry and the disinfection procedure break or entry and the disinfection procedure accomplished by the engineering department. accomplished by the engineering department.


Labeling and Color CodingLabeling and Color Coding

Potable water sounding tubes will be clearly labeled with Potable water sounding tubes will be clearly labeled with an identification plate. The sounding tube cover will be an identification plate. The sounding tube cover will be color coded dark blue. On ships using steel tapes to color coded dark blue. On ships using steel tapes to sound potable water tanks, the tape handle must be sound potable water tanks, the tape handle must be color coded dark blue, labeled, or otherwise identified color coded dark blue, labeled, or otherwise identified "POTABLE WATER USE ONLY". "POTABLE WATER USE ONLY".

Valves for receiving or supplying potable water must be Valves for receiving or supplying potable water must be conspicuously designated by a warning plate bearing the conspicuously designated by a warning plate bearing the inscription "POTABLE WATER ONLY" in 1 inch high inscription "POTABLE WATER ONLY" in 1 inch high lettersletters..


Labeling and Color CodingLabeling and Color Coding

Hoses for receiving and discharging potable Hoses for receiving and discharging potable water must be approved for that purpose by water must be approved for that purpose by NAVSEASYSCOM or BUMED. Potable water NAVSEASYSCOM or BUMED. Potable water hoses must be labeled "POTABLE WATER hoses must be labeled "POTABLE WATER ONLY" approximately every 10 feet with the end ONLY" approximately every 10 feet with the end couplings painted dark blue.couplings painted dark blue. Potable water lines passing through any given Potable water lines passing through any given space must be appropriately labeled to indicate space must be appropriately labeled to indicate the type of service and with an arrow indicating the type of service and with an arrow indicating the direction of the flow. the direction of the flow.


Potable Water Hose LockersPotable Water Hose Lockers

Potable water hose storage lockers must be Potable water hose storage lockers must be identified and labeled "POTABLE WATER identified and labeled "POTABLE WATER ONLY." ONLY." The lockers must be vermin proof, locked, and The lockers must be vermin proof, locked, and be elevated at least 18 inches off the deck when be elevated at least 18 inches off the deck when located on weather decks.located on weather decks.Printed instructions outlining step-by-step Printed instructions outlining step-by-step methods for disinfection of potable water hoses methods for disinfection of potable water hoses and risers must be posted in a conspicuous and risers must be posted in a conspicuous location inside the hose storage locker.location inside the hose storage locker.


Disinfection of Potable Disinfection of Potable Water SuppliesWater Supplies

Shipboard water is disinfected by the addition of Shipboard water is disinfected by the addition of sufficient chlorine or bromine compound to produce not sufficient chlorine or bromine compound to produce not less than 0.2 ppm Free Available Chlorine (FAC) or Total less than 0.2 ppm Free Available Chlorine (FAC) or Total Bromine Residual (TBR) after thirty minutes contact Bromine Residual (TBR) after thirty minutes contact time. time. The amount of chlorine or bromine required to produce a The amount of chlorine or bromine required to produce a FAC or TBR of not less than 0.2 ppm after thirty minutes FAC or TBR of not less than 0.2 ppm after thirty minutes can vary widely because of halogen demand (the can vary widely because of halogen demand (the amount of chlorine or bromine used through reaction amount of chlorine or bromine used through reaction with substances present in the water). All water has with substances present in the water). All water has some halogen demand, even distilled water produced by some halogen demand, even distilled water produced by the evaporators. the evaporators.


Disinfectants(halogens)Disinfectants(halogens)

At present, two halogen compounds, chlorine and At present, two halogen compounds, chlorine and bromine, are the only approved methods for disinfecting bromine, are the only approved methods for disinfecting shipboard potable water shipboard potable water Calcium hypochlorite (HTH) is most frequently used Calcium hypochlorite (HTH) is most frequently used because of its relatively long shelf life and lesser space because of its relatively long shelf life and lesser space requirements, must be stowed in a locked box requirements, must be stowed in a locked box Should be obtained in six-ounce containers and stored in Should be obtained in six-ounce containers and stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place where there is no a cool, dry, well-ventilated place where there is no danger of contact with oxidizable materials.danger of contact with oxidizable materials.Vent holes (such as three 1/4 inch holes) shall be drilled Vent holes (such as three 1/4 inch holes) shall be drilled in the bottom of the box to allow release of any chlorine in the bottom of the box to allow release of any chlorine products products


Disinfectants(halogens)Disinfectants(halogens)

Must be located in an area where the maximum Must be located in an area where the maximum temperature will not exceed 100°Ftemperature will not exceed 100°F

Must be labeled with red letters on a white background, Must be labeled with red letters on a white background, (HAZARDOUS MATERIAL, CALCIUM (HAZARDOUS MATERIAL, CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE). HYPOCHLORITE).

Bromine is provided by a bromine impregnated resin Bromine is provided by a bromine impregnated resin cartridgecartridge must be stored in clean, dry, ventilated must be stored in clean, dry, ventilated storeroomstoreroom

Shelf life of two years from the date of manufactureShelf life of two years from the date of manufacture


Mechanical Methods Mechanical Methods of Disinfectionof Disinfection

Naval vessels use several types of chlorinator installations. Naval vessels use several types of chlorinator installations. Chlorinators may be installed in the distilling plant, distillate line, and Chlorinators may be installed in the distilling plant, distillate line, and the shore fill line. The chlorinator may also serve both the distillate the shore fill line. The chlorinator may also serve both the distillate line and the shore fill line. line and the shore fill line. Brominator treatment installations use two types of brominators. Brominator treatment installations use two types of brominators. One type is used on the distillate discharge line and the other is One type is used on the distillate discharge line and the other is used to recirculate water in the potable water tanks during used to recirculate water in the potable water tanks during treatment. treatment. The distilling plant is equipped with an office that gauges a The distilling plant is equipped with an office that gauges a predetermined proportion of the flow through a bromine cartridge. predetermined proportion of the flow through a bromine cartridge. This device is preset to deliver 0.7 ppm bromine to the water. This device is preset to deliver 0.7 ppm bromine to the water. The recirculation brominator system is designed to treat water in The recirculation brominator system is designed to treat water in potable water tanks. Treatment is accomplished by the recirculation potable water tanks. Treatment is accomplished by the recirculation of potable water from a potable water tank through the brominator of potable water from a potable water tank through the brominator and back to the same tank.and back to the same tank.


Batch ChlorinationBatch Chlorination

Used if mechanical methods for treatment are not available.Used if mechanical methods for treatment are not available.However, this is considered the least desirable method of However, this is considered the least desirable method of disinfecting potable water because it may result in over-chlorination disinfecting potable water because it may result in over-chlorination due to the inability to properly mix the water and hypochlorite due to the inability to properly mix the water and hypochlorite solution. solution. The proper dosage of chemical must be determined for the volume The proper dosage of chemical must be determined for the volume of water to be disinfected.of water to be disinfected.When 65 to 70% calcium hypochlorite is used, the calculated When 65 to 70% calcium hypochlorite is used, the calculated amount is dissolved in a non-glass container of warm water and the amount is dissolved in a non-glass container of warm water and the suspended matter is allowed to settle out. suspended matter is allowed to settle out. The clear fluid (supernatant) is introduced into the sounding tube The clear fluid (supernatant) is introduced into the sounding tube when the tank is about one-quarter full, add one gallon of potable when the tank is about one-quarter full, add one gallon of potable water to flush the sounding tube.water to flush the sounding tube.The remaining sediment is discarded. The remaining sediment is discarded.



Sufficient mixing usually will be obtained by stirring action of the Sufficient mixing usually will be obtained by stirring action of the incoming water as the tank is being filled.incoming water as the tank is being filled.The motion of the ship will make a small contribution to mixing, and The motion of the ship will make a small contribution to mixing, and additional mixing may be obtained by recirculation.additional mixing may be obtained by recirculation.If the chlorine solution must be introduced into a full tank, If the chlorine solution must be introduced into a full tank, recirculation through a pump is the only way to achieve adequate recirculation through a pump is the only way to achieve adequate mixing. If pumps are used which are not an integral part of the mixing. If pumps are used which are not an integral part of the potable water system, they must be disinfected.potable water system, they must be disinfected.Thirty minutes or more after the tank is filled or mixing is completed, Thirty minutes or more after the tank is filled or mixing is completed, the water should be sampled and tested for a FAC residual. the water should be sampled and tested for a FAC residual. If the FAC residual is less than required, additional chlorine must be If the FAC residual is less than required, additional chlorine must be added and mixed into the water, after the required contact time, the added and mixed into the water, after the required contact time, the FAC residual must be determined again. FAC residual must be determined again.



A convenient figure to remember is that one ounce of full strength A convenient figure to remember is that one ounce of full strength calcium hypochlorite added to five-thousand gallons of water is the calcium hypochlorite added to five-thousand gallons of water is the approximate dose for 1.0 ppm initial chlorine concentration. (NOTE: approximate dose for 1.0 ppm initial chlorine concentration. (NOTE: The amount of active chlorine in 65 to 70% calcium hypochlorite is The amount of active chlorine in 65 to 70% calcium hypochlorite is reduced rapidly by exposure to air, therefore, all the contents should reduced rapidly by exposure to air, therefore, all the contents should be used as soon as possible after opening the container.) be used as soon as possible after opening the container.)

This rule of "thumb" (one ounce per five thousand gallons) becomes This rule of "thumb" (one ounce per five thousand gallons) becomes a tool in calculating dosages for "batch chlorination" and is a tool in calculating dosages for "batch chlorination" and is suggested as a starling point only; the required amount will depend suggested as a starling point only; the required amount will depend on temperature, pH, and the chlorine demand of the water. on temperature, pH, and the chlorine demand of the water.


Disinfection of Potable Water Disinfection of Potable Water Tanks and SystemsTanks and Systems

a. Mechanical cleaning and chemical disinfection. a. Mechanical cleaning and chemical disinfection.

b. Chemical disinfection only.b. Chemical disinfection only.

Mechanical cleaning of tanks includes all measures Mechanical cleaning of tanks includes all measures necessary to clean tanks of foreign materials, rust, and necessary to clean tanks of foreign materials, rust, and other substances that are present within the tanks. other substances that are present within the tanks.

Mechanical cleaning and chemical disinfection will be Mechanical cleaning and chemical disinfection will be accomplished when the condition of the tanks has accomplished when the condition of the tanks has deteriorated to the point where the chlorine demand has deteriorated to the point where the chlorine demand has increased significantly and bacteriological evidence increased significantly and bacteriological evidence indicates that the tank has become grossly polluted. indicates that the tank has become grossly polluted.


When to DisinfectWhen to Disinfect

Tanks of new ships or tanks which have been Tanks of new ships or tanks which have been rehabilitated or repaired. rehabilitated or repaired.

Where sludge or rust accumulation seriously Where sludge or rust accumulation seriously impairs the quality of water delivered. impairs the quality of water delivered.

Tanks which have been loaded with non-potable Tanks which have been loaded with non-potable ballast water. ballast water.

Voids or tanks converted from nonpotable water Voids or tanks converted from nonpotable water to potable water tanks. to potable water tanks.


When to DisinfectWhen to Disinfect

Butterworthing or mechanical cleaning at sea with sea Butterworthing or mechanical cleaning at sea with sea water is permissible, but must always be followed by water is permissible, but must always be followed by chemical disinfectionchemical disinfection Chemical disinfection is required when the following Chemical disinfection is required when the following conditions exist: conditions exist: a. Tanks in which there is continued bacteriological a. Tanks in which there is continued bacteriological evidence of contamination after normal disinfecting evidence of contamination after normal disinfecting procedures. procedures. b. Pipelines, valves, pumps, etc., that have been b. Pipelines, valves, pumps, etc., that have been dismantled, repaired or replaced. dismantled, repaired or replaced. c. Tanks which have been entered. c. Tanks which have been entered. d. New or contaminated hoses.d. New or contaminated hoses.


ProcedureProcedure

To chemically disinfect a system, the following steps are required: To chemically disinfect a system, the following steps are required: a. Introduce sufficient chemical into the tanks to provide at least 100 a. Introduce sufficient chemical into the tanks to provide at least 100 ppm FAC (Use Chlorine Dosage Calculator). ppm FAC (Use Chlorine Dosage Calculator). b. Fill tanks with water. b. Fill tanks with water. c. All equipment including pumps, valves, lines, and hoses that have c. All equipment including pumps, valves, lines, and hoses that have been used to carry polluted water must be included in this process in been used to carry polluted water must be included in this process in order to disinfect the entire system. Using the ship's pumps, order to disinfect the entire system. Using the ship's pumps, chlorinated water must be drained from each outlet to ensure that all chlorinated water must be drained from each outlet to ensure that all the contaminated parts of the system are subjected to this treatment. the contaminated parts of the system are subjected to this treatment. d. The FAC residual after four hours contact time within the tanks d. The FAC residual after four hours contact time within the tanks and system must be not less than 50 ppm and must be tested at and system must be not less than 50 ppm and must be tested at hourly intervals to ensure maintenance of the proper FAC. If at any hourly intervals to ensure maintenance of the proper FAC. If at any time during this period the FAC residual falls below 50 ppm, chlorine time during this period the FAC residual falls below 50 ppm, chlorine must be added to bring the residual to 100 ppm and the four-hour must be added to bring the residual to 100 ppm and the four-hour period started again. period started again.


ProcedureProcedure

e. Water should be pumped out of the lowest e. Water should be pumped out of the lowest opening in the tanks, through the contaminated opening in the tanks, through the contaminated lines, pumps, and valves and returned to the lines, pumps, and valves and returned to the tank.tank.

When more than one tank is to be chemically When more than one tank is to be chemically disinfected, the highly chlorinated water from the disinfected, the highly chlorinated water from the first tank should be reused in disinfecting other first tank should be reused in disinfecting other polluted tanks (additional chlorine must be polluted tanks (additional chlorine must be added to maintain desired residual until all have added to maintain desired residual until all have been treated). been treated).


Alternate ProcedureAlternate Procedure

a. Thoroughly clean and rinse the tank. a. Thoroughly clean and rinse the tank.

b. Swab all surfaces of the tank with a solution of 100 ppm chlorine, b. Swab all surfaces of the tank with a solution of 100 ppm chlorine, or pump the solution through hoses, and apply to all surfaces of the or pump the solution through hoses, and apply to all surfaces of the tank. Adequate personal protective measures and respirators must tank. Adequate personal protective measures and respirators must be used. be used.

Chlorine at 100 ppm may generate vapors that are dangerous to Chlorine at 100 ppm may generate vapors that are dangerous to personnel working in these tanks. Entry into these tanks must be personnel working in these tanks. Entry into these tanks must be authorized by the gas free engineer. authorized by the gas free engineer.

c. Strip all water used for super chlorination from the tank. c. Strip all water used for super chlorination from the tank.

d. Allow eight hours to dry; forced ventilation may be necessary. d. Allow eight hours to dry; forced ventilation may be necessary.

e. Rinse with potable water, and the tank is ready for use. FAC e. Rinse with potable water, and the tank is ready for use. FAC residual of at least 2.0 ppm must be maintained in water transported residual of at least 2.0 ppm must be maintained in water transported and stored in these tanks.and stored in these tanks.


Disinfection of Potable Disinfection of Potable Water HosesWater Hoses

Potable water hoses are disinfected by filling with a Potable water hoses are disinfected by filling with a solution containing not less than 100 ppm FAC. solution containing not less than 100 ppm FAC. The solution must be in con-tact with the entire The solution must be in con-tact with the entire internal surface of the hose for not less than two internal surface of the hose for not less than two minutes. minutes. Flush 30-60 seconds with potable water prior to use.Flush 30-60 seconds with potable water prior to use.Prior to connecting the potable water to either the Prior to connecting the potable water to either the ship riser or the shore source the interior of the ship riser or the shore source the interior of the fittings must be disinfected by not less than 2 fittings must be disinfected by not less than 2 minutes contact with a solution of 100 ppm FAC.minutes contact with a solution of 100 ppm FAC.The shore water source should be flushed to waste The shore water source should be flushed to waste 15-30 seconds prior to hookup of the water hose.15-30 seconds prior to hookup of the water hose.


Emergency Drinking WaterEmergency Drinking Water

If potable water is not available during an If potable water is not available during an emergency, it may be necessary to treat poor emergency, it may be necessary to treat poor quality water for drinking and cooking purposes. quality water for drinking and cooking purposes. Before this water can be used, it must be chlorinated Before this water can be used, it must be chlorinated initially to at least 5.0 ppm FAC with a final residual of at initially to at least 5.0 ppm FAC with a final residual of at least 2.0 ppm FAC after a 30 minute contact time.least 2.0 ppm FAC after a 30 minute contact time.Water can also be made safe by holding at a rolling boil Water can also be made safe by holding at a rolling boil for two minutes; however, it would be inconvenient to for two minutes; however, it would be inconvenient to boil adequate quantities of water. If the water is boil adequate quantities of water. If the water is excessively contaminated or turbid (muddy), excessively contaminated or turbid (muddy), consideration should be given to the use of canned or consideration should be given to the use of canned or other emergency drinking water sources.other emergency drinking water sources.


Chlorine Dosage CalculatorChlorine Dosage Calculator

The figures on the following chart give the "dosage rate" for The figures on the following chart give the "dosage rate" for chlorination. The quality of water, e.g., the organic and chlorination. The quality of water, e.g., the organic and inorganic materials present, will affect the final chlorine inorganic materials present, will affect the final chlorine residual. residual.

The amount of chlorine required to react with and be The amount of chlorine required to react with and be absorbed by these materials is called the "chlorine demand." absorbed by these materials is called the "chlorine demand."

The chlorine absorbed or neutralized has no disinfectant The chlorine absorbed or neutralized has no disinfectant value, so it is necessary to add enough chlorine (adequate value, so it is necessary to add enough chlorine (adequate dosage rate) to satisfy the "chlorine demand" and still provide dosage rate) to satisfy the "chlorine demand" and still provide FAC. FAC.

The FAC is the active disinfecting agent and is the chlorine The FAC is the active disinfecting agent and is the chlorine reading determined with the colorimetric test kit. reading determined with the colorimetric test kit.


ProcedureProcedure

Select desired parts per million. Determine strength of Select desired parts per million. Determine strength of material to be used. Compute number of gallons to be material to be used. Compute number of gallons to be chlorinated. Read across to obtain quantity of material to be chlorinated. Read across to obtain quantity of material to be used. used.

The 5% and 10% listings are liquid sodium hypochlorite; thus, The 5% and 10% listings are liquid sodium hypochlorite; thus, the measurements are expressed as volume. the measurements are expressed as volume.

The 65 to 70% listings are granular calcium hypochlorite; The 65 to 70% listings are granular calcium hypochlorite; thus, the measurements are expressed as weight.thus, the measurements are expressed as weight.

The standard 2 1/2" water hose has a volume of 0.25 gallons The standard 2 1/2" water hose has a volume of 0.25 gallons per foot of hose. This figure may be used in determining the per foot of hose. This figure may be used in determining the volume of a hose for disinfecting purposes. volume of a hose for disinfecting purposes.


ProcedureProcedure

As a rough calculation, a dosage rate As a rough calculation, a dosage rate of 1 ounce of calcium hypochlorite of 1 ounce of calcium hypochlorite (65 to 70%) per 5,000 gallons yields (65 to 70%) per 5,000 gallons yields 1.0 ppm. 1.0 ppm.

Because of chlorine demand, this Because of chlorine demand, this dosage rate will probably produce a dosage rate will probably produce a FAC residual of about 0.2 ppm after a FAC residual of about 0.2 ppm after a 30-minute contact period.30-minute contact period.


5% Liquid Sodium Hypochlorite5% Liquid Sodium Hypochlorite PPMPPM 11 55 2525 5050 100100 200200

Quantity Quantity Gal Gal

. .

50,00050,000 1 Gal. 1 Gal. 5 Gal. 5 Gal. 25 Gal.25 Gal. 50 Gal50 Gal 100 Gal.100 Gal. 200 Gal.200 Gal.

25,00025,000 2 Qt2 Qt 10 Qt10 Qt 50 Qt50 Qt 25 Gal25 Gal 50 Gal50 Gal 100 Gal100 Gal

10,00010,000 26 Oz.26 Oz. 1 Gal. 1 Gal. 5 Gal. 5 Gal. 10 Gal. 10 Gal. 10 Gal. 10 Gal. 10 Gal. 10 Gal.

5,0005,000 13 Oz. 13 Oz. 2 Qt 2 Qt 10 Qt 10 Qt 20 Gal. 20 Gal. 20 Gal. 20 Gal. 20 Gal. 20 Gal.

2,0002,000 6 Oz6 Oz 26 Oz. 26 Oz. 1 Gal. 1 Gal. 40 Gal. 40 Gal. 40 Gal. 40 Gal. 40 Gal. 40 Gal.

1,0001,000 3 Oz. 3 Oz. 13 Oz. 13 Oz. 2 Qt 2 Qt 5 Gal. 5 Gal. 5 Gal. 5 Gal. 5 Gal. 5 Gal.

500500 2 Oz. 2 Oz. 7 Oz. 7 Oz. 1 Qt 1 Qt 10 Gal. 10 Gal. 10 Gal. 10 Gal. 10 Gal. 10 Gal.

200200 1 Tbsp 1 Tbsp 3 Oz. 3 Oz. 13 Oz. 13 Oz. 20 Gal. 20 Gal. 20 Gal. 20 Gal. 20 Gal. 20 Gal.

100100 2 Tsp2 Tsp 2 Oz.2 Oz. 7 Oz. 7 Oz. 2 Gal. 2 Gal. 2 Gal. 2 Gal. 2 Gal. 2 Gal.

5050 1 Tsp1 Tsp 1 Oz. 1 Oz. 4 Oz. 4 Oz. 4 Gal. 4 Gal. 4 Gal. 4 Gal. 4 Gal. 4 Gal.

2525 1 Tbsp 1 Tbsp 2 Oz. 2 Oz. 8 Gal. 8 Gal. 8 Gal. 8 Gal. 8 Gal. 8 Gal.

1010 1 Oz. 1 Oz. 1 Gal. 1 Gal. 1 Gal. 1 Gal. 1 Gal. 1 Gal.

55 1 Tsp 1 Tsp 2 Gal. 2 Gal. 2 Gal. 2 Gal. 2 Gal. 2 Gal.


10% Liquid Sodium Hypochlorite10% Liquid Sodium Hypochlorite PPMPPM 11 55 2525 5050 100100 200200

Quantity Quantity (Gal)(Gal)

50,00050,000 2 Qt. 2 Qt. 10 Qt. 10 Qt. 50 Qt. 50 Qt. 25 Gal. 25 Gal. 50 Gal. 50 Gal. 100 Gal. 100 Gal.

25,00025,000 1 Qt. 1 Qt. 5 Qt. 5 Qt. 25 Qt. 25 Qt. 50 Qt. 50 Qt. 25 Gal. 25 Gal. 50 Gal. 50 Gal.

10,00010,000 13 Oz. 13 Oz. 2 Qt. 2 Qt. 10 Qt. 10 Qt. 5 Gal. 5 Gal. 10 Gal. 10 Gal. 20 Gal. 20 Gal.

5,0005,000 7 Oz. 7 Oz. 1 Qt. 1 Qt. 5 Qt. 5 Qt. 10 Qt. 10 Qt. 5 Gal. 5 Gal. 10 Gal. 10 Gal.

2,0002,000 3 Oz. 3 Oz. 13 13 2 Qt. 2 Qt. 1 Gal. 1 Gal. 2 Gal. 2 Gal. 4 Gal. 4 Gal.

1,0001,000 1.5 Oz. 1.5 Oz. 7 Oz. 7 Oz. 1 Qt. 1 Qt. 2 Qt. 2 Qt. 1 Gal. 1 Gal. 2 Gal. 2 Gal.

500500 1 Oz. 1 Oz. 4 Oz. 4 Oz. 1 pt. 1 pt. 1 Qt. 1 Qt. 2 Qt. 2 Qt. 1 Gal. 1 Gal.

200200 2 tsp. 2 tsp. 2 Oz. 2 Oz. 7 Oz. 7 Oz. 13 Oz. 13 Oz. 26 Oz. 26 Oz. 55 Oz. 55 Oz.

100100 1 tsp. 1 tsp. 1 Oz. 1 Oz. 4 Oz. 4 Oz. 7 Oz. 7 Oz. 13 Oz. 13 Oz. 26 Oz. 26 Oz.

5050 .5 Oz. .5 Oz. 2 Oz. 2 Oz. 4 Oz. 4 Oz. 7 Oz. 7 Oz. 13 Oz. 13 Oz.

2525 2 tsp. 2 tsp. 1 Oz. 1 Oz. 2 Oz. 2 Oz. 4 Oz. 4 Oz. 7 Oz. 7 Oz.

1010 1 tsp. 1 tsp. 2 Oz. 2 Oz. 3 Oz. 3 Oz.

55 1 Oz. 1 Oz. 2 Oz. 2 Oz.


65 to 70% Granular Calcium Hypochlorite65 to 70% Granular Calcium Hypochlorite PPMPPM 11 55 2525 5050 100100 200200

Quantity Quantity (Gal) (Gal)

50,000 50,000 10 Oz. 10 Oz. 3 lb. 3 lb. 15 lb. 15 lb. 30 lb. 30 lb. 59 lb. 9 Oz. 59 lb. 9 Oz. 119 lb.119 lb. 4 4 Oz. Oz.

25,000 25,000 5 Oz. 5 Oz. 24 Oz. 24 Oz. 7.5 lb. 7.5 lb. 15 lb. 15 lb. 29 lb.12 29 lb.12 Oz. Oz.

59.5 lb. 59.5 lb.

10,000 10,000 2 Oz. 2 Oz. 10 Oz. 10 Oz. 3 lb. 3 lb. 6 lb. 6 lb. 12 lb. 12 lb. 23 lb. 13 23 lb. 13 Oz. Oz.

5,000 5,000 1 Oz. 1 Oz. 5 Oz. 5 Oz. 1.5 lb. 1.5 lb. 3 lb. 3 lb. 6 lb. 6 lb. 11 lb. 15 11 lb. 15 Oz. Oz.

2,000 2,000 2 Oz. 2 Oz. 10 Oz. 10 Oz. 19 Oz. 19 Oz. 3 lb. 3 lb. 4 lb.13 Oz. 4 lb.13 Oz.

1,000 1,000 1 Oz. 1 Oz. 5 Oz. 5 Oz. 10 Oz. 10 Oz. 20 Oz. 20 Oz. 2 lb. 7 Oz. 2 lb. 7 Oz.

500 500 3 Oz. 3 Oz. 5 Oz. 5 Oz. 10 Oz. 10 Oz. 19 Oz. 19 Oz.

200 200 1 Oz. 1 Oz. 2 Oz. 2 Oz. 4 Oz. 4 Oz. 8 Oz. 8 Oz.

100 100 1 Oz. 1 Oz. 2 Oz. 2 Oz. 4 Oz. 4 Oz.

50 50 1 Oz. 1 Oz. 2 Oz. 2 Oz.

25 25 1 Oz. 1 Oz.


Required Halogen ResidualsRequired Halogen Residuals TX RequiredTX Required Chlorination Dosage and Time Chlorination Dosage and Time

Requirements (FAC) Requirements (FAC) Bromination Dosage and Time Bromination Dosage and Time Requirements (TBR) Requirements (TBR)

1. Minimum residual required for 1. Minimum residual required for potable water produced onboard or potable water produced onboard or obtained from an approved sourceobtained from an approved source

0.2 ppm after 30 minutes in tanks 0.2 ppm after 30 minutes in tanks 0.2 ppm after 30 minutes in tanks 0.2 ppm after 30 minutes in tanks

2. Water from area where amebiasis 2. Water from area where amebiasis or hepatitis is endemic or unapproved or hepatitis is endemic or unapproved source is usedsource is used

2.0 ppm after 30 minutes in tanks 2.0 ppm after 30 minutes in tanks 2.0 ppm after 30 minutes in tanks 2.0 ppm after 30 minutes in tanks

3. Water in potable water distribution 3. Water in potable water distribution system system

*Trace readings throughout *Trace readings throughout * Trace readings throughout * Trace readings throughout

4. Disinfecting tanks and system 4. Disinfecting tanks and system 100 ppm initially; 50 ppm after 4 hr 100 ppm initially; 50 ppm after 4 hr Not applicable Not applicable

5. Disinfecting hoses, couplings, and 5. Disinfecting hoses, couplings, and water connections prior to connection water connections prior to connection to potable water system. to potable water system.

100 ppm for 2 min. 100 ppm for 2 min. Not applicable Not applicable

6. Scrubbing interior of contaminated 6. Scrubbing interior of contaminated tanks when potable water is scarce tanks when potable water is scarce

100 ppm 100 ppm Not applicable Not applicable

7. Emergency water supply for 7. Emergency water supply for drinking and cooking. drinking and cooking.

5.0 ppm after 30 minutes 5.0 ppm after 30 minutes Not applicable Not applicable

8. Fuel cargo tanks converted to carry 8. Fuel cargo tanks converted to carry cargo water. cargo water.

2.0 ppm at destination 2.0 ppm at destination Not applicable Not applicable


SubmarinesSubmarines

Are exempted from routinely halogenating potable water supplies Are exempted from routinely halogenating potable water supplies while at sea. while at sea. If there is evidence of contamination of the potable water supply, it If there is evidence of contamination of the potable water supply, it must be chlorinated using calcium hypochlorite (HTH) 65 to 70% must be chlorinated using calcium hypochlorite (HTH) 65 to 70% until a residual of 0.2 ppm FAC is obtained after a 30-minute contact until a residual of 0.2 ppm FAC is obtained after a 30-minute contact time. time. The calcium hypochlorite must be sealed in plastic bags and stored The calcium hypochlorite must be sealed in plastic bags and stored only in a medical instrument box, plastic rigid, size 9 1/2x 9 x 7 only in a medical instrument box, plastic rigid, size 9 1/2x 9 x 7 inches, NSN 6545-00131-6992. The case must be painted white inches, NSN 6545-00131-6992. The case must be painted white and labeled "HAZARDOUS MATERIAL, CALCIUM and labeled "HAZARDOUS MATERIAL, CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE"HYPOCHLORITE" in red letters. The case must be vented at the in red letters. The case must be vented at the bottom and be stored in any area away from engineering spaces. bottom and be stored in any area away from engineering spaces. Each bottle of calcium hypochlorite must be inspected prior to Each bottle of calcium hypochlorite must be inspected prior to deployment or at least every three months. Bottles with deteriorated deployment or at least every three months. Bottles with deteriorated seals must be discarded and replaced. seals must be discarded and replaced.


SubmarinesSubmarines

Bacteriological examination must be performed weekly Bacteriological examination must be performed weekly on a mini-on a mini-mum of four samples representative of the distribution mum of four samples representative of the distribution system. system. The current method of analysis is theThe current method of analysis is the test for total coliform, test for total coliform, using the membrane filter technique (MF); however, the multiple using the membrane filter technique (MF); however, the multiple tube fermentation technique (MTF), the Presence-Absence Coliform tube fermentation technique (MTF), the Presence-Absence Coliform Test (PA) and the Minimal Media ONPG-MUG Test may be used if Test (PA) and the Minimal Media ONPG-MUG Test may be used if desired. desired. The results of all testing will be reported as "presence" or "absence." The results of all testing will be reported as "presence" or "absence." Daily halogen residuals will be performed and recorded Daily halogen residuals will be performed and recorded while in port using a shore water supply.while in port using a shore water supply.The Medical Department Representative will maintain a water log The Medical Department Representative will maintain a water log and enter water source, date, bacteriological testing and any and enter water source, date, bacteriological testing and any disinfection procedure used, and halogen readings if accomplished. disinfection procedure used, and halogen readings if accomplished.


Temporary Water ShipsTemporary Water Ships

To convert tanks commonly used for other To convert tanks commonly used for other liquids for transporting potable water in liquids for transporting potable water in emergency situations.emergency situations.Select and disinfect tanks.Select and disinfect tanks.Must be inspected by engineering Must be inspected by engineering personnel personnel After inspection of all tanks, the After inspection of all tanks, the appropriate Type Commander should appropriate Type Commander should decide on the approval or disapproval of decide on the approval or disapproval of these tanks for transporting and storage of these tanks for transporting and storage of potable water.potable water.


Emergency Water SuppliesEmergency Water Supplies

Battle Dressing StationsBattle Dressing Stations..

Built-in potable water storage tanks of sufficient size Built-in potable water storage tanks of sufficient size in battle dressing stations to provide an alternate in battle dressing stations to provide an alternate source of water in emergency situations.source of water in emergency situations.

The tanks are designed are isolated from the main The tanks are designed are isolated from the main potable water system. potable water system.

Once each quarter must be drained and refilled with Once each quarter must be drained and refilled with potable water containing a trace halogen residual.potable water containing a trace halogen residual.

At least every three years, must be opened and At least every three years, must be opened and inspected for evidence of sludge or foreign material. inspected for evidence of sludge or foreign material.


Emergency Water SuppliesEmergency Water Supplies

Based on the results of this visual inspection, it Based on the results of this visual inspection, it maybe necessary to thoroughly clean the interior maybe necessary to thoroughly clean the interior of the tank. of the tank.

A new gasket may be required each time the tank A new gasket may be required each time the tank is opened for inspection. is opened for inspection.

These tanks must be disinfected each time they are These tanks must be disinfected each time they are opened.opened.

Bacteriological analysis must be performed after Bacteriological analysis must be performed after filling and monthly thereafter.filling and monthly thereafter.

If this analysis indicates a tank is contaminated, If this analysis indicates a tank is contaminated, the tank must be opened, inspected, cleaned, if the tank must be opened, inspected, cleaned, if necessary, and disinfected.necessary, and disinfected.


5 Gallon Containers5 Gallon Containers

Used in small ships.Used in small ships.There are two types 5-gallon containers; one is of There are two types 5-gallon containers; one is of a heavy gauge plastic type material and the other a heavy gauge plastic type material and the other is metal.is metal.Under no circumstances will 5-gallon containers Under no circumstances will 5-gallon containers previously used for gasoline or other petroleum previously used for gasoline or other petroleum products be used.products be used.Carefully examine the containers to insure the Carefully examine the containers to insure the containers have not been used for any purpose containers have not been used for any purpose other than the storage of potable water.other than the storage of potable water.Each container shall have the word “WATER” Each container shall have the word “WATER” either embossed or painted on the exterior surfaceeither embossed or painted on the exterior surface in letters at least 0.25 inches high.in letters at least 0.25 inches high.



Manual washing is accomplished with warm Manual washing is accomplished with warm water (110-125°F) F), the recommended water (110-125°F) F), the recommended amount of approved hand dishwashing amount of approved hand dishwashing detergent, and a suitable long-handled, detergent, and a suitable long-handled, slender brush. slender brush. Disinfect by exposure to a chemical Disinfect by exposure to a chemical disinfectant solution for at least two minutes. disinfectant solution for at least two minutes. Approved chemical disinfectants for these Approved chemical disinfectants for these containers include: calcium/sodium containers include: calcium/sodium hypochlorite, chlorine-iodine type disinfectant hypochlorite, chlorine-iodine type disinfectant (food service), or liquid iodine (25 ppm).(food service), or liquid iodine (25 ppm).



Must contain a trace FAC or TBR.Must contain a trace FAC or TBR.Each can must be labeled with date of Each can must be labeled with date of filling and source of the potable water.filling and source of the potable water.Store in a clean dry place in the immediate Store in a clean dry place in the immediate vicinity of anticipated use (battle dressing vicinity of anticipated use (battle dressing station without emergency potable water station without emergency potable water tanks).tanks).Must be emptied, flushed and refilled with Must be emptied, flushed and refilled with potable water containing a trace FAC or potable water containing a trace FAC or TBR every 3 months.TBR every 3 months.


Canned WaterCanned Water

The exterior inspection of canned drinking water is The exterior inspection of canned drinking water is conducted by Medical Department at least quarterly.conducted by Medical Department at least quarterly.Examine general appearance, dents and rust.Examine general appearance, dents and rust.Cans having dents which cross the ends or side seams, Cans having dents which cross the ends or side seams, or which crinkle the metal to a point should not be or which crinkle the metal to a point should not be used. used. Rusted cans may be used provided the rust does not Rusted cans may be used provided the rust does not penetrate the can; rust that can be wiped off is not penetrate the can; rust that can be wiped off is not penetrating.penetrating.Any containers that exhibit evidence of leakage or are Any containers that exhibit evidence of leakage or are severely distorted must be re-placed.severely distorted must be re-placed.The interior inspection is a Supply Department The interior inspection is a Supply Department responsibility which should be performedresponsibility which should be performed approximately every two years.approximately every two years.


Evaluation Of Taste Evaluation Of Taste or Odor Problemsor Odor Problems

Caused by:Caused by:

Cross-connections with non-potable systems.Cross-connections with non-potable systems.

Leaks in common bulkheads between potable Leaks in common bulkheads between potable water tanks and fuel tanks, ballast tanks, bilges, water tanks and fuel tanks, ballast tanks, bilges, and wastewater tanks.and wastewater tanks.

Leaks in non-potable piping through water tanks.Leaks in non-potable piping through water tanks.

Improper disposal of chemicals or liquids through Improper disposal of chemicals or liquids through potable water-sounding tubes.potable water-sounding tubes.

Utilization of potable water hoses for non-potable Utilization of potable water hoses for non-potable liquids.liquids.

Excessive storage time of water in tanks.Excessive storage time of water in tanks.


Evaluation Of Taste Evaluation Of Taste or Odor Problemsor Odor Problems

Improper distillation processes in harbors which Improper distillation processes in harbors which are contaminated with industrial or biological are contaminated with industrial or biological wastes.wastes.Inadequate disinfection procedures Inadequate disinfection procedures Transfer of water from shore facilities or barges Transfer of water from shore facilities or barges which have taste and odor problems.which have taste and odor problems.Potable water tanks used for ballast or other Potable water tanks used for ballast or other liquids, and not cleaned or disinfected properly.liquids, and not cleaned or disinfected properly.Deteriorated or improperly applied tank coatings.Deteriorated or improperly applied tank coatings.Distilling plants producing potable water while Distilling plants producing potable water while stripping JP-5 tanks, pumping oily bilges overboard stripping JP-5 tanks, pumping oily bilges overboard forward of the distilling plant feed pumps suction forward of the distilling plant feed pumps suction or when in close proximity to other ships.or when in close proximity to other ships.


InvestigationInvestigation

Date and timeDate and time

Water sourceWater source

Characteristic Characteristic Taste/odorTaste/odor

LocationLocation

Continuous or Continuous or particular tank on-lineparticular tank on-line

Halogen ResidualsHalogen Residuals

HistoryHistory

Water LogWater Log

Tanks and pipingTanks and piping

Disinfection Disinfection

Repairs/MaintenanceRepairs/Maintenance

In PortIn Port

Testing before filling Testing before filling


ResultsResults

If not able to identify a source of the taste If not able to identify a source of the taste and odor should add sufficient chlorine to and odor should add sufficient chlorine to provide a dosage of 5 ppm in the potable provide a dosage of 5 ppm in the potable water tanks, with the intent of providing water tanks, with the intent of providing 2.0 ppm free residual chlorine in the water 2.0 ppm free residual chlorine in the water distribution system. (temporary)distribution system. (temporary)

Contact the NAVENPVNTMEDU via the Contact the NAVENPVNTMEDU via the command medical officer for technical command medical officer for technical assistance. assistance.


Cross-connectionCross-connection

Any connection between two separate Any connection between two separate piping systems, one of which contains piping systems, one of which contains potable water, and the other water of potable water, and the other water of unknown or questionable quality or some unknown or questionable quality or some other substance.other substance.

This condition may result in the flow of This condition may result in the flow of liquid from one system to the other, liquid from one system to the other, resulting in contamination.resulting in contamination.

Medical Department Representatives should Medical Department Representatives should routinely observe for cross-connectionsroutinely observe for cross-connections


Cross-connectionCross-connection

Contact the Engineering Department, Contact the Engineering Department, review the suspected site and ship review the suspected site and ship diagrams.diagrams.The primary responsibility of the Medical The primary responsibility of the Medical Department is to prevent a disease Department is to prevent a disease outbreak from occurring.outbreak from occurring.Therefore, recommendations to secure the Therefore, recommendations to secure the affected part of the potable water system affected part of the potable water system would be appropriate until such time the would be appropriate until such time the cross-connection is eliminated and the cross-connection is eliminated and the potable water system disinfected, if potable water system disinfected, if necessary.necessary.


IceIce

ManufactureManufacture

Accomplished with ice Accomplished with ice cube machines or ice cube machines or ice makers in most makers in most instances. instances.

Must be prepared Must be prepared from potable water in from potable water in order to reduce order to reduce bacterial growth.bacterial growth.

Use the scoop, wash, Use the scoop, wash, rinse, and sanitize at rinse, and sanitize at least daily.least daily.

TestingTestingSamples of ice must be Samples of ice must be collected from ¼ of the collected from ¼ of the ice machines weekly ice machines weekly for bacteriological for bacteriological examination.examination.If samples are positive If samples are positive for coliform organisms, for coliform organisms, the storage bin should the storage bin should be emptied, cleaned be emptied, cleaned and disinfected.and disinfected.Enter results on the Enter results on the potable water log.potable water log.


Water TestingWater Testing

Engineer Department Engineer Department PH- PH- High pH levels (8.5 or above) will adversely High pH levels (8.5 or above) will adversely affect the disinfectant properties of chlorine or affect the disinfectant properties of chlorine or bromine.bromine.Temperature- affects the amount of bromine that Temperature- affects the amount of bromine that is released from the cartridge and high is released from the cartridge and high temperatures may rapidly affect with cartridge temperatures may rapidly affect with cartridge use.use.Salinity- When operating in sea water, the Salinity- When operating in sea water, the chloride content of water from a distilling plant chloride content of water from a distilling plant shall be at or below 0.065 equivalent per shall be at or below 0.065 equivalent per million(epm), 0.25 grains of sea-salt per gallon or million(epm), 0.25 grains of sea-salt per gallon or less than 2.3 ppm.less than 2.3 ppm.



Medical DepartmentMedical Department

Prior to receiving potable water onboard.Prior to receiving potable water onboard.

In conjunction with each potable water sample In conjunction with each potable water sample collected for bacteriological analysis.collected for bacteriological analysis.

Daily, from sampling points that are varied and Daily, from sampling points that are varied and are representative of the ship’s distribution are representative of the ship’s distribution system (i.e., forward, midships, aft, below deck, system (i.e., forward, midships, aft, below deck, and in the superstructure).and in the superstructure).

The number of samples required will be The number of samples required will be determined by the size of the ship; no less than determined by the size of the ship; no less than four samples will be collected.four samples will be collected.



On DD, DDG, FFG, LST, MSO, and other On DD, DDG, FFG, LST, MSO, and other ships with complements below 500-ships with complements below 500- 4 samples are required4 samples are requiredOn LPH, LHA, LSD, and other ships with On LPH, LHA, LSD, and other ships with complements over 500 and below 4,000-complements over 500 and below 4,000- 8 samples are required 8 samples are required On CV, CVN, and other ships with On CV, CVN, and other ships with complements above 4,000-complements above 4,000-

12 samples are required12 samples are required


DPD TestDPD Test(diethyl-p-phenylene (diethyl-p-phenylene

diamine)diamine)Open tap and let flow not less than 2 or 3 minutes.Open tap and let flow not less than 2 or 3 minutes.

Rinse the test tube with the water to be tested.Rinse the test tube with the water to be tested.

Fill test tube with sample water to the marked line Fill test tube with sample water to the marked line (10 ml).(10 ml).

Add one DPD No. 1 tablet, cap the test tube, and Add one DPD No. 1 tablet, cap the test tube, and shake to dissolve.shake to dissolve.

REMOVE THE CAP FROM THE TEST TUBE and REMOVE THE CAP FROM THE TEST TUBE and immediately compare the test sample color with immediately compare the test sample color with the color standards in the comparator. Color the color standards in the comparator. Color matching should be completed within sixty seconds matching should be completed within sixty seconds after addition of the DPD No. 1 tablet. after addition of the DPD No. 1 tablet.


DPD TestDPD Test(diethyl-p-phenylene (diethyl-p-phenylene

diamine)diamine)Record the value of the matching color Record the value of the matching color standard. If the color falls between standard. If the color falls between consecutive color standards, take an consecutive color standards, take an intermediate value.intermediate value.

If the color is deeper than 5.0 ppm If the color is deeper than 5.0 ppm chlorine or 11.0 ppm bromine color chlorine or 11.0 ppm bromine color standard, add an additional DPD No. 1 standard, add an additional DPD No. 1 tablet to obtain a full color response. No tablet to obtain a full color response. No formulation is required with the extra formulation is required with the extra tablet; take a direct reading and record.tablet; take a direct reading and record.


Coliform TestColiform Test

Microorganisms of the coliform group Microorganisms of the coliform group are indicators of fecal contamination.are indicators of fecal contamination.

Membrane Filter TestMembrane Filter Test

Most ships will be equipped with a Most ships will be equipped with a membrane filter bacteriological membrane filter bacteriological testing kit.testing kit.


ProcedureProcedure

Place about 2 ml M-Endo broth absorbent pad Place about 2 ml M-Endo broth absorbent pad placed on bottom half of petri dish.placed on bottom half of petri dish.Place sterile membrane filter on top of filter Place sterile membrane filter on top of filter support.support.Clamp the funnel on top of filter support.Clamp the funnel on top of filter support.Pour 100 ml of water sample into funnel. Apply Pour 100 ml of water sample into funnel. Apply suction to unit until water filters through.suction to unit until water filters through.Pour about 50 ml buffered water to rinse inside Pour about 50 ml buffered water to rinse inside walls of funnel. Apply suction to flush buffered walls of funnel. Apply suction to flush buffered water through membrane filter.water through membrane filter.Dismantle funnel from filter support by removing Dismantle funnel from filter support by removing clamp. Remove membrane filter.clamp. Remove membrane filter.


ProcedureProcedure

Place membrane filter on top of broth saturated Place membrane filter on top of broth saturated absorbent pad. Avoid trapping air bubbles absorbent pad. Avoid trapping air bubbles between filter and pan. Close the petri dish with between filter and pan. Close the petri dish with its top.its top.Invert the petri dish and place in incubator at 35° Invert the petri dish and place in incubator at 35° C for 22 to 24 hours.C for 22 to 24 hours.Observe for presence or absence of Observe for presence or absence of colonies with greenish gold metallic sheen colonies with greenish gold metallic sheen may be present only on the center of the may be present only on the center of the colony, only on the edge, or over the colony, only on the edge, or over the entire colony.entire colony.


Potable Water LogPotable Water Log

The Medical Department will maintain a The Medical Department will maintain a two year chronological record of potable two year chronological record of potable water surveillance. water surveillance. On larger ships, the preventive medicine On larger ships, the preventive medicine technician should be responsible for technician should be responsible for entries.entries.Use chronological order and must include:Use chronological order and must include:Time and date each water sample was Time and date each water sample was taken.taken.



Location of the ship: at sea, in Location of the ship: at sea, in harbor, at anchorage, or in port; harbor, at anchorage, or in port; include the name of the port.include the name of the port.

Sampling site; include location of Sampling site; include location of outlet, ice machine, emergency outlet, ice machine, emergency potable water tank or supply, and potable water tank or supply, and identification number of potable identification number of potable water tank, etc.water tank, etc.

Source of waterSource of water



Halogen and bacteriological testsHalogen and bacteriological tests

Any problems concerning taste and Any problems concerning taste and odor and their resolution.odor and their resolution.

Inspection and surveys, include Inspection and surveys, include results, discrepancies and action results, discrepancies and action taken.taken.


Water Sanitation BillWater Sanitation Bill

Each ship should have a Water Sanitation Each ship should have a Water Sanitation Bill developed to meet the individual and Bill developed to meet the individual and unique aspects of the individual ship’s unique aspects of the individual ship’s conditions.conditions.

It is recommended that the Commanding It is recommended that the Commanding Officer promulgate the Water Sanitation Officer promulgate the Water Sanitation Bill and that the bill be posted Bill and that the bill be posted conspicuously in areas where potable conspicuously in areas where potable water and associated materials are water and associated materials are processed, treated or stored.processed, treated or stored.


Any questions?Any questions?

NAVMED P-5010, Manual of the Naval Preventive Medicine, Chapter 6

Technology

Transcript of NAVMED P-5010, Manual of the Naval Preventive Medicine, Chapter 6