Navigating Vermont’s New Core Performance Guide · •• AB Core Performance provides a AB Core...
Transcript of Navigating Vermont’s New Core Performance Guide · •• AB Core Performance provides a AB Core...
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Navigating Vermont’s NewCore Performance Guide
Jonathan Kleinman, Efficiency Vermont
Mark Frankel, New Buildings Institute
Better Buildings by Design Conference
Burlington, VT
February 13, 2008
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Session Overview
Core Performance – What is it? Who developed it?
Core Performance Overview
Vermont’s Core Performance Development
Core Performance – Finalizing the Prescriptive Approach
Working with Efficiency Vermont
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Easy Cost Effective Path to EfficiencyEasy Cost Effective Path to Efficiency
•• AB Core Performance provides a AB Core Performance provides a guided pathguided path to achieving energy to achieving energy performance that is 20performance that is 20--30% above the performance called for in 30% above the performance called for in Vermont Energy Code and ASHRAE 90.1Vermont Energy Code and ASHRAE 90.1--20042004
―― CostCost--effective effective –– paybacks less than 5 years paybacks less than 5 years –– even without incentiveseven without incentives
―― Paybacks under 2 years possible with utility incentives.Paybacks under 2 years possible with utility incentives.
―― A detailed, stepA detailed, step--byby--step process step process
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Energy Efficiency Made Easy!!!!Energy Efficiency Made Easy!!!!
•• Familiar processFamiliar process
―― Values and criteria parallel standard building code requirements for HVAC, Values and criteria parallel standard building code requirements for HVAC,
Lighting EnvelopeLighting Envelope
•• A&E’s can design for efficiency without becoming energy consultantsA&E’s can design for efficiency without becoming energy consultants
•• Owners can get efficiency without hiring energy consultantOwners can get efficiency without hiring energy consultant
•• Demonstrated cost effectivenessDemonstrated cost effectiveness
•• No modeling required!No modeling required!
•• Provides information about products and strategies to meet performance Provides information about products and strategies to meet performance targetstargets
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How was the System Developed?How was the System Developed?
oo Led by New Buildings Institute Led by New Buildings Institute
oo Volunteer effort by A&E practitioners across USVolunteer effort by A&E practitioners across US
oo Proven through prototype DOEProven through prototype DOE--2 simulations and real projects2 simulations and real projects
oo Version 2 Core (July 2007) builds on success of Benchmark Version 2 Core (July 2007) builds on success of Benchmark
(2005)(2005)
oo NBI and VEIC built VermontNBI and VEIC built Vermont--specific analysis to verify savingsspecific analysis to verify savings
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Building Characteristics
Project Size By Number of
Projects
By Total Floor
Space
25,000 sf or Less 89% 37%
50,000 sf or Less 95% 50%
Source: CBECS-2004
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3 Core Performance prototypes
Office
• Two-story building, 20,000 square feet
• Five HVAC configurations
• PVAV-gas and electric, PSZ-gas and electric, PHP
School
• Elementary school
• 50,000 square feet
• Four HVAC configurations
• WLHP-gas boiler and cooling tower, PVAB-gas boiler, PSZ-gas and electric
Retail
• One-story building, 12,000 square feet
• Sales and storage areas
• Three HVAC configurations
• PHP, PSZ-gas and electric
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Energy Modeling
All analysis uses eQUEST to run DOE-2
Batch analysis protocol runs multiple permutations on each prototype and subsystem
New software developed to rank measures for energy performance impact
Baseline for ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and 2004 for each prototype
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Permutations
Climate data from 15 cities (TMY) to represent 7 ASHRAE climate zones and permutations
Three prototypes with multiple system variants each (total of 11 variants)
16 EEM’s, run repeatedly until ranked (136 combinations)
Two baselines
Total = Approximately 25,000+ DOE-2 runs!
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Measures Evaluated
Measures From ABv1.1:• Lighting Power Reduction• Vertical Fenestration Performance• Opaque Wall and Roof Performance• Cool Roof• High Efficiency Package Air Conditioner• High Efficiency Furnace• High Efficiency Package Heat Pump• Variable Speed Drive Fans• VSD Pumping
New or Revised Measures:• Occupancy Sensors• Daylighting Controls•Warmest Zone Reset• High Efficiency Boiler• Heat Recovery• Indirect Evaporative Cooling• Demand Control Ventilation• Night Ventilation• South Overhang• Plug Load Reduction (EPD)
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Representative cities
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Core Performance results
Core Performance Modeling Results
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
Climate Zones 1-8
Savings over 90.1-2004
Office
School
Retail
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Core Performance Guide OverviewCore Performance Guide Overview
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Outline of GuideOutline of Guide
oo Introduction Introduction
oo Program development and SummaryProgram development and Summary
oo Prescriptive Measure SectionsPrescriptive Measure Sections
oo Design Process StrategiesDesign Process Strategies
oo Core Performance RequirementsCore Performance Requirements
oo Enhanced Performance StrategiesEnhanced Performance Strategies
oo ModelingModeling
oo AppendicesAppendices
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ApplicabilityApplicability
Core Performance Page 16Core Performance Page 16
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Quick Start GuideQuick Start Guide
Brief Explanation
of All Criteria
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Relationship to LEEDRelationship to LEED
Created by NBI, coordinated with USGBCCreated by NBI, coordinated with USGBC
Adopted by USGBC for LEED NC PointsAdopted by USGBC for LEED NC Points
Latest LEED NC energy requirements:Latest LEED NC energy requirements:
•• Mandatory RequirementMandatory Requirement: Now 14% above ASHRAE 90.1: Now 14% above ASHRAE 90.1--20042004
Prescriptive alternative for 2Prescriptive alternative for 2--5 points in LEED Energy and Atmosphere credit 15 points in LEED Energy and Atmosphere credit 1
Energy Modeling not RequiredEnergy Modeling not Required
LEED is strictly an OPTIONAL LEED is strictly an OPTIONAL
companion for Advanced Buildingscompanion for Advanced Buildings
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AppendicesAppendices
oo More detail on Acceptance RequirementsMore detail on Acceptance Requirements
oo The Climate Zone Map on which many requirements are basedThe Climate Zone Map on which many requirements are based
oo And And –– very important very important –– an explanation of the acronyms and an explanation of the acronyms and technical terms used throughout the texttechnical terms used throughout the text
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Dual Use of the Term “Core”Dual Use of the Term “Core”
The “The “CoreCore Performance Guide” contains Performance Guide” contains criteria for 3 levels of approach:criteria for 3 levels of approach:
1.1. Core Criteria (2.1 to 2.13)Core Criteria (2.1 to 2.13)
2.2. Enhanced CriteriaEnhanced Criteria
3.3. Modeled CriteriaModeled Criteria
“Core“Core Approach” equates with the basic Core Performance section Approach” equates with the basic Core Performance section excludingexcluding
the Enhanced and Modeled sectionsthe Enhanced and Modeled sections
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Core Performance CriteriaCore Performance Criteria
2.1 Energy Code Compliance2.1 Energy Code Compliance
2.2 Air Barrier Performance2.2 Air Barrier Performance
2.3 Minimum IAQ Performance2.3 Minimum IAQ Performance
2.4 Below Grade Exterior Insulation2.4 Below Grade Exterior Insulation
2.5 Opaque Envelope Performance2.5 Opaque Envelope Performance
2.6 Fenestration Performance2.6 Fenestration Performance
2.7 Lighting Controls2.7 Lighting Controls
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Core Performance CriteriaCore Performance Criteria
2.8 Lighting Power Density2.8 Lighting Power Density2.9 Mechanical Equipment 2.9 Mechanical Equipment
Efficiency RequirementsEfficiency Requirements2.10 Dedicated Mechanical 2.10 Dedicated Mechanical
SystemsSystems2.11 Demand Control Ventilation2.11 Demand Control Ventilation2.12 Domestic Hot Water System 2.12 Domestic Hot Water System
EfficiencyEfficiency2.13 Fundamental Economizer 2.13 Fundamental Economizer
PerformancePerformance
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2.1 Energy Code Compliance2.1 Energy Code Compliance
Meet or exceed Vermont Energy Code or ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1Meet or exceed Vermont Energy Code or ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1--2004 or 2004 or the the
IECC 2006 (whichever is more stringent)IECC 2006 (whichever is more stringent)
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2.2 Air Barrier Performance2.2 Air Barrier Performance
•• Reduce uncontrolled air movement through the building envelope to:Reduce uncontrolled air movement through the building envelope to:
–– Control humidity and temperatureControl humidity and temperature
–– Reduce energy losses Reduce energy losses
•• Requirements: Requirements:
•• Similar to CodeSimilar to Code
HVAC
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2.3 Minimum IAQ Requirements2.3 Minimum IAQ Requirements
Follow ASHRAE 62Follow ASHRAE 62--20012001
•• IAQ Construction Management PlanIAQ Construction Management Plan
•• PrePre--occupancy Flush Out Planoccupancy Flush Out Plan
•• Ongoing IAQ Operations Management PlanOngoing IAQ Operations Management Plan
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2.42.4 Below Grade Exterior InsulationBelow Grade Exterior Insulation
Establishes minimum insulation REstablishes minimum insulation R--valuevalue
Similar to Vermont CodeSimilar to Vermont Code
Targeting Energy and IAQ performanceTargeting Energy and IAQ performance
•• Buildings designed specifically for youth or elderlyBuildings designed specifically for youth or elderly
•• Buildings with periods greater than 7 days when mechanical systems Buildings with periods greater than 7 days when mechanical systems
are shut downare shut down
•• Buildings that don’t have a mechanical cooling systemsBuildings that don’t have a mechanical cooling systems
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2.5 Opaque Envelope Performance2.5 Opaque Envelope Performance
•• Meet specific insulation Meet specific insulation
criteria for each building criteria for each building
envelope assemblyenvelope assembly
•• Requirements align with Requirements align with
Vermont CodeVermont Code
•• Insulation requirements Insulation requirements
vary by climate. (All vary by climate. (All
guidelines exceed guidelines exceed
ASHRAE 90.1ASHRAE 90.1--2004 2004
criteria)criteria)
HVAC
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2.6 Fenestration Performance Criteria2.6 Fenestration Performance Criteria
Simulation Necessary if Glazing Exceeds 40% of Wall AreaSimulation Necessary if Glazing Exceeds 40% of Wall Area
All guidelines exceed Vermont and ASHRAE 90.1All guidelines exceed Vermont and ASHRAE 90.1--2004 criteria2004 criteria
Metal Framed
U-Value 0.45
(Assembly)
SHGC 0.30
Daylighting
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2.7 Lighting Controls2.7 Lighting Controls
All areas of the building must incorporate the following three switching All areas of the building must incorporate the following three switching and control strategies:and control strategies:
1.1. BiBi--Level SwitchingLevel Switching
2.2. Separate Switching at Daylit AreasSeparate Switching at Daylit Areas
3.3. Automatic on/off Controls for unoccupied conditionsAutomatic on/off Controls for unoccupied conditions
Skylit areasSkylit areas
1.1. Must have automatic daylight controlMust have automatic daylight control
Daylit areas are Daylit areas are encouragedencouraged to incorporate daylight controls, but at a to incorporate daylight controls, but at a minimum these areas minimum these areas must bemust be provided with separate switching to provided with separate switching to facilitatefacilitate future future incorporation of daylight control systemsincorporation of daylight control systems
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2.8 Lighting Power Density2.8 Lighting Power Density
Projects may not exceed the lighting power density limits indicated in Table Projects may not exceed the lighting power density limits indicated in Table 2.8.12.8.1
LPD = Lighting Power Density (connected/ installed lighting watts / square LPD = Lighting Power Density (connected/ installed lighting watts / square foot)foot)
•• Calculation includes combined energy use of lamp and ballast systems.Calculation includes combined energy use of lamp and ballast systems.
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2.8 Light Power Density2.8 Light Power Density
LPD values are LPD values are
given for both given for both
whole building and whole building and
spacespace--byby--space space
analysis analysis
Prescriptive LPD ValuesPrescriptive LPD Values
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2.9 Mechanical Equipment Efficiency2.9 Mechanical Equipment Efficiency
Mechanical equipment must meet the performance Criteria described in Mechanical equipment must meet the performance Criteria described in Tables Tables 2.9.1 2.9.1 –– 2.9.62.9.6
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2.9 Efficiency Tables2.9 Efficiency Tables
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2.10 Dedicated Mechanical Systems2.10 Dedicated Mechanical Systems
Isolate load driven systems (process Isolate load driven systems (process
loads) from comfort HVAC systemsloads) from comfort HVAC systems
In a recent case, this strategy first cost was $9,000, In a recent case, this strategy first cost was $9,000, and annual savings was $15,000. and annual savings was $15,000.
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2.11 Demand Controlled 2.11 Demand Controlled
Ventilation (DCV)Ventilation (DCV)
Manage outdoor airflow rate based on occupancy (except in Manage outdoor airflow rate based on occupancy (except in Economizer mode)Economizer mode)
Install real time ventilation controls in single zone systems to reduce OA Install real time ventilation controls in single zone systems to reduce OA when CO2 sensors in the space indicate FA is adequate for the when CO2 sensors in the space indicate FA is adequate for the current occupancy (Maintain a range of 800 to 950 ppm)current occupancy (Maintain a range of 800 to 950 ppm)
Follow recommendations of ASHRAE 62Follow recommendations of ASHRAE 62
Exceptions allowed for in appropriate situations / conditionsExceptions allowed for in appropriate situations / conditions
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Install demand water heaters (tankless) for Install demand water heaters (tankless) for small or isolated loadssmall or isolated loads
Install high efficiency, sealed combustion or Install high efficiency, sealed combustion or condensing hot water heaters for larger condensing hot water heaters for larger systemssystems
2.12 Domestic Hot Water System Efficiency2.12 Domestic Hot Water System Efficiency
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2.13 Fundamental 2.13 Fundamental
Economizer PerformanceEconomizer Performance
Economizer or Air Side “Free Cooling”Economizer or Air Side “Free Cooling”
Key RequirementsKey Requirements
•• Robust, fully functional equipmentRobust, fully functional equipment
•• Fully modulating damper motorFully modulating damper motor
•• Use direct modulating actuator with gear driven interconnectsUse direct modulating actuator with gear driven interconnects
•• Coordinated, differential and proportional control using analog sensor upstream Coordinated, differential and proportional control using analog sensor upstream
of cooling coilof cooling coil
•• DualDual--enthalpy controlenthalpy control
•• Provide relief air capabilityProvide relief air capability
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Design Process StrategiesDesign Process Strategies
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Design Process OptimizationDesign Process Optimization
1.1 Identify Design Intent1.1 Identify Design Intent
1.2 Communicating Design Intent1.2 Communicating Design Intent
How to get the whole development team on board with the energy How to get the whole development team on board with the energy goals for the project.goals for the project.
How to carry these goals through the project to completionHow to carry these goals through the project to completion
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Building OptimizationBuilding Optimization
1.31.3 Building ConfigurationBuilding Configuration
1.4 Mechanical System Design1.4 Mechanical System Design
““Right Sizing” is CriticalRight Sizing” is Critical
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Quality AssuranceQuality Assurance
1.5 1.5 Construction Certification Construction Certification (Acceptance Testing)(Acceptance Testing)
1.61.6 Operator Training and Operator Training and DocumentationDocumentation
1.71.7 Performance Data Performance Data ReviewReview
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Enhanced Performance
Strategies
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Why Enhanced Performance?
Not “universally applicable” like Core
Comparable value in proper project
Extra Savings beyond Core’s demonstrated values
Also “First Picks” for Modeling Approach
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Enhanced Performance Strategies
3.1 Cool Roofs
3.2 Daylighting and Controls
3.3 Additional Lighting Power Reductions
3.4 Plug Load / Appliance Efficiency
3.5 Supply Air Temperature Reset (VAV)
3.6 Indirect Evaporative Cooling
3.7 Heat Recovery
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Enhanced Performance Strategies
3.8 Night Venting
3.9 Premium Economizer Performance
3.10 Variable Speed Control
3.11 Demand Responsive Building
3.12 On-site Supply of Renewable Energy
3.13 Additional Commissioning Strategies
3.14 Fault Detection Diagnostics
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3.2 Daylighting in Core Performance
Integrate daylight controls at all side- and top-lit daylight areas
Integrate skylights in occupied upper floor areas (up to 3-5% of floor area)
Implement solar control
Test and calibrate controls
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3.3 Additional Lighting Power Reductions
Reduce connected lighting loads to achieve the lighting targets of the Energy Policy Act of 2005.
Connected Watts/ SF roughly 40% below ASHRAE 90.1-2001 (Code for Mass. and RI)
Roughly another 20% below Core Criteria 2.8
HVAC
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3.3 Enhanced Performance LPD Values
HVAC
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3.5 Plug Loads/Appliance Efficiency
All appliances and equipment must meet Energy Star
requirements
Include control of plug loads in controls design as possible
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3.11 Demand Responsive Buildings
Reduce Peak Power Demand
• Identify and control at least a 10% interruptible load in the building
• Provide an interface to the utility capable of responding to real-time signals
How to Pursue?
• Third-party “aggregators” now providing turnkey service
• Aggregators provide fixed annual payments plus payment-per-“event” called by ISO-NE
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3.13 Additional Commissioning
Use of a credentialed third party commissioning (Cx) agent
Cx Agent verifies construction drawings will satisfy Advanced Building Core Criteria and any Enhanced Criteria elected
Cx Agent writes a report documenting results of Cx.
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Development of Vermont Core Performance
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Questions to Answer
How does the Core Performance program apply to typical Vermont construction?
How does the Core Performance program compare relative to the Vermont energy code?
Can Efficiency Vermont develop “rule of thumb” savings and cost estimates to streamline the program?
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Evaluation Process
Modeling and cost estimating
Check cost-effectiveness of each component
Modify Vermont Core Performance package, if necessary
Propose savings and cost rules of thumb
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Modeling
First rule
• All Core Performancemeasures must improve upon code
Building construction
• Metal frame wall and roof
• Metal frame windows
Building types
• Office, school retail
Building sizes
• For office, test from 20,000 to 70,000 ft2
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Modeling, cont.
Four office mechanical systems
• Package VAV with water coils
• Single zone DX with hot water baseboard
• Single zone DX with furnace
• Water loop heat pump
One school mechanical system
• Unit ventilators and package units
One retail mechanical system
• Single zone DX with furnace
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Estimating Costs
Compare baseline (Vermont Code) systems versus Core Performance
Primary, secondary sources
“Typical” incremental costs
• Good averages across all projects; inappropriate for any single project
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Check Cost-Effectiveness
Most components of package provide greater benefits than costs
Electric savings from
• Improved glazing
• Cooling equipment
• Lighting power density
• Lighting controls
Some components do not pass
• Wall and roof insulation
• Demand-controlled ventilation
for VAV
Adjust Core Performance package
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Modeling Results (Proposed)
Electric Savings per ft2 (Office)
0.000
0.500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000
Building Area (ft2)
PVAV-HW
SZRH
PSZ-Furn
WLHP
School: 0.6 kWh/ft2; Retail: 2.1 kWh/ft2
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Modeling Results (Proposed)
Natural Gas Savings per ft2 (Office)
0.000
0.005
0.010
0.015
0.020
0.025
0.030
0.035
0.040
0.045
0.050
20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000
Building Area (ft2)
PVAV-HW
SZRH
PSZ-Furn
WLHP
School: 0.09 therm/ft2; Retail: 0.24 therm/ft2
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Energy Use Reductions
Office School Retail
Electricity 12% 10% 11%
Fossil 29% 27% 46%
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Incremental Cost Results (Proposed)
Cost per ft2 (Office)
$-
$0.50
$1.00
$1.50
$2.00
$2.50
20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000
Building Area (ft2)
PVAV-HW
SZRH
PSZ-Furn
WLHP
School: $2.10/ft2; Retail: $2.20/ft2
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Cooling/Heating Capacity Reduction
Office School Retail
Cooling 5% - 13% 10% 16%
Heating12% Avg.,
(Wide range)14% 33%
Sizing benefits not factored into cost estimates
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Enhanced Measures, Enhanced Savings (Preliminary)
Daylighting Controls - Electric Savings per ft2 (Office)
0.400
0.450
0.500
0.550
0.600
0.650
0.700
0.750
0.800
0.850
20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000
Building Area (ft2)
Electric Savings (kWh/ft2)
PVAV-HW
SZRH
PSZ-Furn
WLHP
Enhanced LPD - Electric Savings per ft2 (Office)
0.400
0.450
0.500
0.550
0.600
0.650
0.700
0.750
0.800
20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000
Building Area (ft2)
Electric Savings (kWh/ft2)
PVAV-HW
SZRH
PSZ-Furn
WLHP
At lower costs than the Core Package (i.e., less than $2 per ft2)
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Sample Cashflow (Based on Modeling)
Note: cost estimates relative to savings are likely conservative
Project CashflowProject Name: Cust omer Name
Project Number: 3 2,00 0 ft 2 Office Building wit h Proposed Cost s, Result s
Project Economics: Investment Analysis:
Inflat ion Rate: 3.61% Internal Rate of Return: n/ a
Real Discount Rate: 6 .8% Simple Payback (years): 6 .7
Elect ricity Escalat ion Rate: 0% Net Present Value: $51,424
Annual Energy Savings:
1st Yr Elect r ic Savings: $7,323
Loan Term (months): 84 kWh: 52,680
Interest Rate: 6% kW Reduct ion: 0
Net Average Monthly Payment : $470 1st Yr Fossil Fuel Savings: $2,050
Year
Annual
Payments
(Principal &
Int erest )
Annual
Elect ric
Savings
Annual
Fuel
Savings/
(Cost s)
Net Annual
Cashflow
Net Cumulat ive
Cashf low
0 $21,459 $21,459
1 ($12,562) $7,323 $2,050 ($3,189) $18,270
2 ($12,562) $7,587 $2,124 ($2,851) $15,419
3 ($12,562) $7,861 $2,201 ($2,501) $12,918
4 ($12,562) $8,145 $2,280 ($2,137) $10,781
5 ($12,562) $8,439 $2,362 ($1,761) $9,020
6 ($12,562) $8,743 $2,448 ($1,371) $7,649
7 ($12,562) $9,059 $2,536 ($967) $6,682
8 $0 $9,386 $2,628 $12,013 $18,695
9 $0 $9,725 $2,722 $12,447 $31,142
10 $0 $10,076 $2,821 $12,896 $44,039
11 $0 $10,439 $2,923 $13,362 $57,401
12 $0 $10,816 $3,028 $13,844 $71,245
13 $0 $11,207 $3,137 $14,344 $85,589
14 $0 $11,611 $3,251 $14,862 $100,451
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How Will Efficiency Vermont Work with Design Teams?
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Efficiency Vermont Tracks
Prescriptive Track
Buildings <10,000 square feet
Measures listed on prescriptive forms (AC/motors/lighting)
Core Performance Track
Retail, School or Office Buildings >10,000 square feet
Meet Core Performance Credits
Additional incentives available for Enhanced measures
Custom Track
Buildings >10,000 square feet that don’t meet Core Performance criteria
Projects < 10,000 sq ft that have measures not listed on the prescriptive forms.
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Efficiency Vermont Incentives
Design Strategies (Section 1)
• $0.10 per ft2 to meet Sections 1.1 through 1.6
• $2,500 per project for meeting Section 1.7
Core Performance Package (Section 2): $0.50 per ft2
Enhanced Measures (Section 3):
• LPD - $1 per W per ft2 improvement from the Core package
• Daylighting – custom
• Other measures - custom
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Working through Core Performance with Efficiency VermontPlan Ahead
Based upon your review of the Credits, prepare your own strategy for meeting the intent of each credit, particularly in Section 1.
For “qualitative” credits, identify those elements of the “scope of work” with which you have issues, and how to address them (as you would for any RFP)
Meet with Efficiency Vermont Staff
Have an open discussion about the issues associated with compliance
Enter into a collaborative process to focus on the objective – high-performance design with high-efficiency equipment and a process to ensure proper operation
Keep Open Lines of Communication
Consider Efficiency Vermont staff as allies
Identify what you need
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Questions?