Road to AutonomyNavigating a Moving Target in Today‘s Mobility Markets

Farid KhairallahPortfolio Director – Safety Domain Electronic Control Units

Traditional OEMs

Car manufacturer with business model to end customer

Passenger Car

Comm. Vehicle OEMsand Fleet Owners

HCV / LCV manufacturerWith business model toFleet owners

Automated Operation

Automation as costreduction factor

Highly diversified market

Commercial Vehicles

Industry Automation

People and CargoPurpose Built Vehicles

PBV manufacturer with business model tofleet owners, cities,mobility providers

Transport as a ServiceProvider

TaaS as businessmodel to end customers

No fleet ownershiplow asset valuation

People & Cargo Mover

Ride Hailing

Mobility Market Segments

2

ZF delivers SEE THINK ACT in 5 market segments

SEE... THINK... ACT

Path of Vehicle Ahead

Speed Limit

Vehicle Ahead

4

Lane Markings

What Does a Car Need to See for ADAS?

Internal

What Does a Car Need to See for Automated Driving?Everything!

Light Passenger Vehicles: Example: MEET EU-NCAP

Crossing Near-sideCrossing Far-side Same Direction Traffic Sign Assist

Emergency Steering

Assist

Collision Mitigation

Braking

Pedestrian AEB

Functions to Support the MissionExample:Obstructed

6EUNCAP ONLY

Commercial Vehicle Market Drivers / ADAS/ADMarket Pull Unique to Commercial Vehicles – Drivers/Fuel/Safety

Fleet Owners Pull Government/Regulatory Agencies Pull

• Driver hours of service• Driver retention• Drivers shortage

• Platooning functions• Driver distraction

• Interior observation• Driver health and alertness

• Interior observation• Safety

• Camera and radar• Fuel cost

• AD/platooning functions• Traffic congestion and delays

• Emission reduction• Accident avoidance• Safer roads• Congestion reduction

7

Internal

OFF-HIGHWAY SPECIFIC CHALLENGES

9

Confidence Level

4-Stars

5-Stars

SCAM 4.8

Front CAM+ Rear Cam + USS CAMERA + MRR CAMERA + 2X Corner SRR

System Architecture – EUNCAP

9

Domain ECU(s)

In-vehicle gateway: CAN(FD), FlexRay, Ethernet

360° radars

360°cameras

360°ultrasonic

360° lidar

Driver camera

Driver sensors

ECU ASIL↑object/infra

fusion, perception, decision,

planning, ASIL D functions

Connectivity ECU

V2XReal-time

map

ESC ECU

Powertrain

Brakes

Steering

Infotainment

EPS ECU

Gearbox

Vehicle sensors

ECU ASIL↓ TSR, TLR, driver

state, …ASIL≤C functions

Image Processingenvironment detection,

camera sensor fusion, bird’s eye

view, driver detection

Drivetrain ECU

Display

Critical

Less criticalNon-gateway

ACR ECU Restraints

Airbag ECU Airbags

System Architecture for Automated Driving

10AD ARCHITECTURE

E-Drive

Sensors, Actuators, and Computers

Active Kinematics

Control (AKC)

Radar

IntegratedBraking

Control (IBC)

LiDAR

ZF ProAIRoboThink

supercomputer

Camera

Electronic Power

Steering (EPS)

Damper

11

Front Cameras S-Cam4 & TriCam Short-Range Radar

Remote Camera Heads Medium-Range Radar

Interior Observation System Sound.AI Microphone

Camera Radar Lidar

Comprehensive ZF Sensor Set

Solid-State LiDAR

Full-Range Radar

12

High Automation [L4]NCAP …. Highway Pilot

ZF offers a seamless portfolio of Domain ECUs from NCAP … L4

AD Tech-Update 2019 - 27.05.2019 13

ZF ProAI Gen11..10 TOPS

ZF ProAI Gen210-15 TOPS

ZF ProAI Gen220-25 TOPS

ZF ProAI Gen33 slots

Modular Performanceup to 90 TOPS

ZF ProAI RoboThinkStandard SOC + dGPU (150)

up to 150 TOPS

scaling

Simulation and Efficient Function Development Support

Function Description

Definition of Verification Criteria (KPIs)AD Algorithm

System & Algorithm

Test Plan

VehicleDriving SimulatorSiL

Function-wise Statistical Evaluation (Qualitative & Quantitative Analysis)

14

Validation Challenges – ADAS vs. AD

ADAS Function (e.g. Emergency Braking Assist):

• Defined use-case

• Small number of variables

• Limited number of test cases

• Backup: Driver always in the loop

• Classical testing approach (e.g. NCAP)

AD Function (e.g. Highway Driving Chauffeur):

vego vtarget

∆x

• High variety in functions (Exits,

Construction Zones, Interchanges,

Traffic Jam…)

• High randomness in scenarios

• High dynamic situations/boundary

conditions

• Classical testing approach not sufficient

test coverage not ensured

15

Strange looking truck miss detectedGhost vehicle falsely detected

Validation – Infinite Use Cases

Missed detection of motorcycleFalse lane classification

Validation – Infinite Use Cases

E-Drive

Electronic Power Steering (EPS)

Suspension

Integrated Braking Control (IBC) Radar

Active Kinematics Control (AKC) Camera

ZF ProAI RoboThinkSupercomputer

Seat Belt System LiDAR

Completing the MissionZF Delivers – A Full Systems Supplier in all Technology Domains

18

Traditional OEMs

car manufacturer with business model to end customer

Passenger Car

Comm. Vehicle OEMs and Fleet Owners

HCV / LCV manufacturerWith business model toFleet owners

Automated Operation

Automation as costreduction factor

highly diversified market

Commercial Vehicles

Industry Automation

People and Cargo Purpose Built Vehicles

PBV manufacturer with business model tofleet owners, cities,mobility providers

Transport as a Serviceproviders

TaaS as businessmodel to end customers

no fleet ownershiplow asset valuation

People & Cargo Mover

Ride Hailing

Strategic Market Segments of Automated Driving

Level1 - 2+ Level 4 / 5 Level 3 Level 4 / 5

19SEE...THINK...ACT FOR ALL