Navarrete dutch policy-iccpr2012
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Transcript of Navarrete dutch policy-iccpr2012
Dutch Policy for Digitization
Trilce Navarrete
VII International Conference on Cultural Policy Research ICCPR 2012
Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona
July 9th 2012
Dutch policy for Digitization Trilce Navarrete
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Dutch policy for digitization
Introduction: digitizing heritage collections Dutch museums and policy system
Historic revision of policy and results Subsidy schemes and regulations
Impact on museum institutions
From vision to action Achieving efficiency
Future challenges
Conclusions
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Since 1989, museums are part of Cultural Heritage department and of the Directorate Culture and Media managed by the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (OCW).
Previously, museums were managed by -Wellbeing, Health and Culture (1982-1994), -Culture, Recreation and Social Work (1965-1982), -Education, Arts and Science (1952-1965).
There is no museum law but there is a Cultural Heritage Preservation Act (1985). The Cultural Heritage Inspectorate ensures its implementation.
The Netherlands
Introduction
Minister of Education, Culture and
Science
State Secretary of Culture
Director General Culture and
Media
Cultural Heritage
Museums Government Service for
Cultural Heritage National Archive
Arts Media, Letters and Libraries
Cultural Heritage Inspectorate
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There are 810 museums (ICOM definition).
Museums can be divided in - National museums - Municipal museums - Local museums and - Private museums.
Museums are autonomous: - Staff is not a civil servant - The government owns (part of) the collections - The government (may) own the building - The government provides regular subsidy - Museums can apply for government grants
The Netherlands
Introduction
51%
24%
21%
21%
12%
52%
22%
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
National subsidy
Provincial subsidy
Private grant
Other
Sponsoring
Local government subsidy
Ticket sales
Source
Percentage
Type of income source and average of income out of total
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The Ministry of Culture publishes a policy on museums every 4 years (linked to the subsidy period) since late 1980s. Additional thematic policy paper may also be published .
Other ministries may have an impact on digitization of heritage (Economic Affairs, Internal Affairs).
Policy milestones
Historic review
1921 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
1969 Subsidy for digitization
Fishing museum
1921 Reorganization
and management
1994 Electronic
Superhighway 2004-2008 CATCH
2007-1014 Images for the Future
2006-2008 Digitization
with a Policy
1990 Delta Plan
★
★
1986-1988 Application of IT in
government 1980 AMI 1988
Museum Automation
1987-1991 PC Museum
1977 New
Museum Policy
1999 Digital Delta
2001-2004 Digital Delta Plan
2003 eCulture
★
★
1994 Metamorfoze ★
2009-2011 CATCH Plus
2008-2010 Innovation of
Cultural Expression
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Project, policy and outcome
Historic review
Automation of Museum
Information
From policy document
Towards a New Museum Policy
AMI advice: Museum Object Registration to renew museum; Automation to improve efficiency;
Centralized guiding infrastructure; Identified benefits. (1980)
Museum Automation + PC Museum Project
Information services in
government (Internal Affairs)
Museums adopted computers: 1987 = 4%; 1988 = 7%; 1989 = 14%; 1990 = 25% Total SMA grants = 85, total PCMP grants = 124
Delta Plan for the Preservation
of Cultural Heritage
1988 Audit Office Report on state of National
Collections
National ranking of museum collections: A, B, C, D. Basic registration standard established.
Registration quality linked to national subsidy.
Mondriaan Foundation
Institution to manage grants:
Delta Plan, eCulture
Delta Plan subsidy was extended 1995-2000. 1994-present: funding R&D projects (e.g.MusIP). 2001 peak: 40% of grants amount to digitization.
★
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Project, policy and outcome
Historic review
Electronic superhighway
1994 6 ministry
collaboration
Digital Heritage seen as part of the Dutch information society.
DEN to guide R&D mixing heritage and science
Digital Delta Plan
Initiated by Internal Affairs(2001-2004)
Priority: digital access to cultural heritage. Digital heritage part of the information society.
eCulture Response to national ICT
agenda (2003)
Advice: ICT to be integrated in production, distribution, presentation, preservation and (re)
utilization of culture.
Digitizing with a Policy
Profess. Digital work process
2006-2008: Information plan before implementation.
Evaluation to take place later this year.
★
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Project, policy and outcome
Historic review
Images for the Future 2007-2014 €154 million.
Emergency preservation of AV. Development of best practice.
CATCH 2004-2011 18 projects.
R&D heritage and IT collaboration.
Metamorfoze 1997-now Emergency preservation of paper
collections. Development of best practice.
Support to advisory
organizations 1969-now VISDOC, MARDOC, IMC, SIMIN, DEN.
★
★
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Operational impact
Impact on museum institutions can be seen in:
• Choice of software > linked to discount arrangements.
• Use of standards > by using the preferred software.
• Object valuation system.
• Preference of application of technology (websites / infrastructure).
• Balance between core activities: collect, preserve, communicate, exhibit, research.
• Increased professionalism: (digital) registration, information plan (sustainability), measure of online use (web stats), access, accountability (budget post).
Historic review
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Apparent trends
Identified (recurrent) issues:
• Subsidy to build up the infrastructure has long term effect / long term benefits. Project base grants can support R&D –but it must be part of greater vision to add to infrastructure.
• Subsidy to showcase results are important but represent ‘the cherry on top of the ice cream’.
• Process is not linear. All the learning moments are necessary to advance.
• Dissemination of knowledge remains an issue: how to avoid ‘reinventing the wheel’?
Historic review
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From vision to action
How can government subsidy increase efficiency?
There are a number of changing variables: including quality and quantity
Achieving efficiency
Changes in:
(1) Technology
(2) Work process (people and information)
(3) Use of technology
Influence:
(A) Who has access (inside/outside)
(B) What is accessed (partial information)
(C) How to access it (touch screen/iPhone)
(D) What context for access (use/reuse)
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From vision to action
How can government subsidy increase efficiency?
Devising the best tools/mechanisms (i.e. grants, subsidy schemes) requires continuous reinvention to best respond to the changing landscape.
Channeling resources to achieve a goal is one thing; sharing the lessons learnt is another. Adoption of digital technology depends on knowledge.
And use of resources is not fully understood: not all digital activities are accounted for, a harmonized reporting methodology is yet to be applied, museums have different needs (digital divide).
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
registration
automation
digitization
documentation
on-line access
Reported level of digitization in museums (2007)
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From vision to action
Levels of awareness of adopting computers in the work process:
• 1980s: Attention to selection of technology (digital/paper).
• 1990s: Mass adoption of digital environment (registration of collections).
• 2001: Discussion of quality vs. quantity, certain objects favored (2D objects)
• 2007: Adoption of standards, inclusion of digital post in general budget, online visits.
• 2009: Sustainability, born digital and archeological data (3D / 4D).
• 2012: Harmonization of work practice, open data.
Framework to account for born digitals and (re)use still ongoing.
Achieving efficiency
Dutch policy for Digitization Trilce Navarrete
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NUMERIC results (2008):
Dutch museums average yearly expenditure on digital activities
€ 792,918
or 5% of annual budget
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From vision to action
Institutions struggle to balance:
Challenge
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The future and the challenges
Our adoption of digital technologies continues, we are just starting !
Evidence base policy making requires data: new frameworks for data gathering and analysis are being developed (ex. Enumerate). Institutions are harmonizing information reporting of activities and resources.
Performance indicators require to develop an elaborated measure of access (not only clicks and time spent but measure re-use!).
The new measure is use and reuse !
The Dutch government supports digital heritage as part of the information economy: the new challenge is to support repositioning heritage content in an open data context.
The future
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Conclusions
We have already invested much in acquiring, preserving, researching and digitizing the objects (all input).
The greater the use the greater the benefit(ROI).
Conclusions