Naval Architecture - Chesapeake STEM · Naval Architecture 2 Boats of the Chesapeake Skipjacks Crew...
Transcript of Naval Architecture - Chesapeake STEM · Naval Architecture 2 Boats of the Chesapeake Skipjacks Crew...
![Page 1: Naval Architecture - Chesapeake STEM · Naval Architecture 2 Boats of the Chesapeake Skipjacks Crew members pull an oyster dredge in Tangier Sound of the Chesapeake Bay near Deal](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020214/5b017c577f8b9ad85d8e35bd/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Naval Architecture
0
Naval Architecture
Boats have played an integral role in the development of commerce and recreation on the Bay. The challenge for today’s designers is to develop more efficient recreational and fishing boats and a ferry system that can compete with our overtaxed highway system.
Basic naval architecture principles are explored, along with a history of boats on the Bay. Students will be introduced to careers in designing, building, operating and maintaining boats and ships.
![Page 2: Naval Architecture - Chesapeake STEM · Naval Architecture 2 Boats of the Chesapeake Skipjacks Crew members pull an oyster dredge in Tangier Sound of the Chesapeake Bay near Deal](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020214/5b017c577f8b9ad85d8e35bd/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Naval Architecture
Two-SailBateauE.C.COLLIER,ChesapeakeBayMari=meMuseum,SaintMichaels,MD[h#ps://www.loc.gov/item/md1203/]
1
Boats of the Chesapeake Skipjacks
Theskipjackisauniquetypeofcommercialwoodensailingvessel,usedformorethan100yearstodredgeoystersfromtheChesapeakeBay.
Attheheightoftheoysterharvestperiodinthelate1800s,theregrewaneedforshallow-draJsailingvesselsfordredging,thathadalowfreeboard(deckclosetothewaterline)toeasehaulinginthedredges,thatwereeasiertobuildandcrewthanschooners.SkipjacksdredgingundersailontheChoptankRiverin1989.DaveHarp
[h#p://www.firstlightworkshop.com/previous-workshops/chesapeake-bay-2005/]
Skipjacksgenerallyrangedfrom30to60feetondeckandcouldcarry100to500bushelsofoysters.
![Page 3: Naval Architecture - Chesapeake STEM · Naval Architecture 2 Boats of the Chesapeake Skipjacks Crew members pull an oyster dredge in Tangier Sound of the Chesapeake Bay near Deal](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020214/5b017c577f8b9ad85d8e35bd/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Naval Architecture
2
Boats of the Chesapeake Skipjacks
CrewmemberspullanoysterdredgeinTangierSoundoftheChesapeakeBaynearDealIsland,Md.,in2013.PatrickSemansky/AP
[h#p://theRmes-tribune.com/polopoly_fs/1.2065126!/image/image.jpg_gen/derivaRves/landscape_700/image.jpg]
Skipjackshaveasharpchineandshallow,dead-risehullwithacenterboard.Thelargemainsailprovidesenoughpowertohaulthebigoysterdredges.Aself-tendingjiballowsthecrewtoconcentrateondredging.
Theskipjackwassosimpletobuildthatevenhousecarpenterscouldconstructone.Asaresult,hundredsofskipjackswerebuiltinthe1890sandduringtheirheydaytherewereasmanyas2000skipjacksontheBay.
The117-year-oldRebeccaT.RuarkistheoldestvesselintheChesapeake
BaySkipjackFleet.CraigCaldwell
[h#p://fineartamerica.com/featured/skipjack-rebecca-t-ruark-
craig-caldwell.html]
TheskipjackbecametheMarylndStateBoatin1985.[h#p://www.mdsg.umd.edu/topics/skipjacks/skipjacks]
![Page 4: Naval Architecture - Chesapeake STEM · Naval Architecture 2 Boats of the Chesapeake Skipjacks Crew members pull an oyster dredge in Tangier Sound of the Chesapeake Bay near Deal](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020214/5b017c577f8b9ad85d8e35bd/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Naval Architecture
3
Boats of the Chesapeake Skipjacks
• AdaFears.Ridge,MD.BuiltinOxford,Marylandin1968.• CalebW.Jones.Builtin1953.• CityofCrisfield.DealIsland,Maryland.BuiltinReedville,
Virginiain1949.• CityofNorfolk.Norfolk,Virginia.BuiltinDeale,Marylandin
1900.• ClaudM.Somers.Reedville,VA.BuiltinAccomackCounty,VA
in1911.• DeeofSt.Mary’s.St.GeorgeIsland,MD.BuiltinPineyPoint,
Marylandin1979.• E.C.Collier.St.Michaels,MD.BuiltinDealIslandin1910.• Elsworth.Worton,MD.Builtin1901.• FannyL.Daugherty.DealIsland,MD.BuiltinCrisfield,
Marylandin1904.• F.C.Lewis,Jr.WestDenton,MD.• FloraA.Price.WestDenton,MD.Builtin1910.• HelenVirginia.BuiltinCrisfield,Marylandin1948.• HildaM.Willing.TilghmanIsland,Maryland.BuiltinOriole,
Marylandin1905.• H.M.Krentz.TilghmanIsland,MD.BuiltinHarryhogan,
Virginiain1955.• IdaMay.DealIsland,MD.BuiltinUrbanna,Virginiain1906.• JoyParks.St.Mary’sCountyPineyPointMuseum.Builtin
1936inParksley,Virginia.
• Kathryn.TilghmanIsland,Maryland.BuiltinCrisfield,Marylandin1901.
• LadyKaKe.Cambridge,MD.BuiltinWingate,Marylandin1956.
• MaggieLee.WestDenton,MD.BuiltinPocomokeCity,Marylandin1908.
• MamieA.Mister.TilghmanIsland,MD.BuiltinDealIsland,Marylandin1911.
• MarthaLewis.HavredeGrace,MD.BuiltinWingate,Marylandin1955.
• MinnieV.BalRmore,MD.BuiltinWenonah,Marylandin1906.• Nathan.Cambridge,MD.BuiltCambridge,Marylandin1992.• NellieL.Byrd.TilghmanIsland,MD.BuiltinOriole,Marylandin
1911.• RebeccaT.Ruark.TilghmanIsland,MD.BuiltinTaylorsIsland,
Marylandin1886.• RosieParks.St.Michaels,MD.BuiltinWingate,Marylandin
1955.• Sigsbee.BalRmore,MD.BuiltinOriole,Marylandin1901.• StanleyNorman.Annapolis,MD.Builtin1902.• Somerset.DealIsland,MD.BuiltinReedville,Virginiain1949.• ThomasClyde.TilghmanIsland,MD.BuiltinOriole,MDin
1911.• VirginiaW.PortKinsale,VA.BuiltinGuilford,Virginiain1904.• WilmaLee.Kinsale,VA.BuiltinWingate,MDin1940.
h#p://oystercatcher.com/skipjack-history/
RemainingSkipjacks
![Page 5: Naval Architecture - Chesapeake STEM · Naval Architecture 2 Boats of the Chesapeake Skipjacks Crew members pull an oyster dredge in Tangier Sound of the Chesapeake Bay near Deal](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020214/5b017c577f8b9ad85d8e35bd/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Naval Architecture
4
Boats of the Chesapeake Deadrise Workboats
Thedeadrisedesignwasdevelopedaroundthe1880s.DeadrisereferstotheV-shapedbo#omatthebowandmoregenerallytheangleformedbetweenthekeelandthethewaterline.
AV-bo#omiseasiertobuildthanaroundbo#om.TheseboatshaveadraJoftwotothreefeet,makingthemidealfortheshallowsoftheBay.Theaveragedeadriseworkboatis35to45feetlongwithabeamof9to12feet.
TypicalDeadriseHullForm[h#p://blog-imgs-54.fc2.com/b/o/a/boat262/Deadrise-Boat-
Plans-2.jpg]
Genera=onsofindependentfishermenhaveworkedthewatersoftheChesapeakeBayondeadriseboats.[h#p://www.mdsg.umd.edu/topics/watermen/watermen]
![Page 6: Naval Architecture - Chesapeake STEM · Naval Architecture 2 Boats of the Chesapeake Skipjacks Crew members pull an oyster dredge in Tangier Sound of the Chesapeake Bay near Deal](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020214/5b017c577f8b9ad85d8e35bd/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Naval Architecture
5
Boats of the Chesapeake Deadrise Workboats
SomedeadriseboatsoftheBay[h#p://www.deadrise4sale.com/]
ThedeadriseworkboatisusedbymostwatermenontheChesapeakeBay.Theseboatsaccommodatetheheavy,bulkyequipmentusedforharvesRngavarietyofcatches.
Thedeadrise'ssizeandcapacityallowthewatermantotravelfartheracrosstheBayandcarrymoreseafoodbacktomarket.
VirginiadesignatedtheclassicChesapeakeBaydeadriseworkboatastheofficialstateboatin1988.
![Page 7: Naval Architecture - Chesapeake STEM · Naval Architecture 2 Boats of the Chesapeake Skipjacks Crew members pull an oyster dredge in Tangier Sound of the Chesapeake Bay near Deal](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020214/5b017c577f8b9ad85d8e35bd/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Naval Architecture
Typicalsailinglogcanoesailplan[h#p://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/stagsere/se1/se5/029800/029843/pdf/
msa_se5_29843.pdf]
6
Boats of the Chesapeake Sailing Log Canoes
OriginallybuiltbythenaRvePowhatantribesfromasinglelog,theseboatswereadoptedbyearlyEnglishse#lerswhodiscoveredthatthesturdycraJcouldhandletheroughwatersoftheBayandcarryaheavyload.
TheEnglishse#lersaddedasailtoincreaseitsspeed.ThecanoewasthestandardworkboatontheBayunRlthe1900s.
Duringthesummermonthsmanywatermenturnedtheirsailingcanoesintoracingboats.Theracingcanoehaslargersailsandhikingboards,allowingthecrewtokeeptheboatupright.
photobyBillKepner[h#p://www.logcanoegallery.com/fleet.html]
![Page 8: Naval Architecture - Chesapeake STEM · Naval Architecture 2 Boats of the Chesapeake Skipjacks Crew members pull an oyster dredge in Tangier Sound of the Chesapeake Bay near Deal](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020214/5b017c577f8b9ad85d8e35bd/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Naval Architecture
7
Boats of the Chesapeake Sailing Log Canoes
LogcanoeracinghasbecomeatradiRonontheBay.TheracestakeplaceontheMilesRiver,theTredAvonandtheChesterRiveronMaryland'sEasternShore.
AccordingtotherulesoftheChesapeakeBayLogSailingCanoeAssociaRon,theonlypenaltyforsailareaisaninabilitytokeeptheboatupright.
h#p://www.sailmagazine.com/racing/rega#as/an-adventure-with-chesapeake-bay-log-canoe-sailors/
h#p://cbmm.org/tags/log-canoe/
![Page 9: Naval Architecture - Chesapeake STEM · Naval Architecture 2 Boats of the Chesapeake Skipjacks Crew members pull an oyster dredge in Tangier Sound of the Chesapeake Bay near Deal](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020214/5b017c577f8b9ad85d8e35bd/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Naval Architecture
8
Boats of the Chesapeake Sailing Log Canoes
Fewerthantwodozenlogcanoesremain,mostofthembuiltinthelate19thandearly20thcenturies.AllhavereRredfromtheirworkingcareers.AbouthalfsRllacRvelyrace.
ListoflogcanoesontheNaBonalRegisterofHistoricPlaces
• BillieP.Hall,TalbotCounty,Maryland• EdmeeS.,TalbotCounty,Maryland• FlyingCloud,TalbotCounty,Maryland• IslandBird,TalbotCounty,Maryland• IslandBlossom,TalbotCounty,Maryland• IslandImage,KentCounty,Maryland• IslandLark,TalbotCounty,Maryland• JayDee,TalbotCounty,Maryland• Magic,TalbotCounty,Maryland
• Mystery,QueenAnne'sCounty,Maryland• Noddy,TalbotCounty,Maryland• Oliver'sGiS,AnneArundelCounty,Maryland• Patricia,DorchesterCounty,Maryland• Persistence,TalbotCounty,Maryland• Rover,TalbotCounty,Maryland• Sandy,TalbotCounty,Maryland• S.C.Dobson(MaryJuliaHall),KentCounty,Maryland
• SilverHeel,KentCounty,Marylandh#ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Log_canoe
![Page 10: Naval Architecture - Chesapeake STEM · Naval Architecture 2 Boats of the Chesapeake Skipjacks Crew members pull an oyster dredge in Tangier Sound of the Chesapeake Bay near Deal](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020214/5b017c577f8b9ad85d8e35bd/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Naval Architecture
9
Boats of the Chesapeake Ferries
Therewereferryboatsonthebayaslongagoasthe17thcentury,withoneoftheoldestandmostheavilytraveledroutesrunningthe25milesbetweenRockHallandAnnapolis.
In1919,ferriesbegantransporRngautomobiles,freightandpassengersbetweenClaiborneandAnnapolis.
h#p://fineartamerica.com/featured/old-bay-line-of-balRmore-1877-daniel-hagerman.html
TheFloridawasbuiltfortheBalRmoreSteamPacketCompany,whichstarRngin1839operatedfor122yearsontheBay.ItranthelastsurvivingovernightsteamshippassengerserviceintheUnitedStates.
TheOldBayLineshipthePresidentWarfieldranbetweenBal=moreandNorfolk[h#p://darkroom.balRmoresun.com/2015/03/from-the-vault-175th-anniversary-of-the-old-bay-line/#16]
![Page 11: Naval Architecture - Chesapeake STEM · Naval Architecture 2 Boats of the Chesapeake Skipjacks Crew members pull an oyster dredge in Tangier Sound of the Chesapeake Bay near Deal](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020214/5b017c577f8b9ad85d8e35bd/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Naval Architecture
10
Boats of the Chesapeake Ferries
h#p://www.stardem.com/news/arRcle_c1275235-b86f-51f5-aa78-8cf4dbb0b6e7.html
DespitecompeRRonfromthenewlyopenedBayBridge,unRl1952,ferriessRllmanagedtotransportmorethanamillionpassengersayear.Theboatsran46roundtripsaday.
h#p://www.stmichaelsmd.org/list/member/oxford-bellevue-ferry-384
Establishedin1683,theOxford-BellevueFerry,believedtobethenaRon'soldestprivatelyoperatedferryservice.
Newpassengerhydrofoildesignsthata#ainspeedsof35-50knotshavebeenproposedforcommutersandtourists.
h#p://www.foils.org/01_Mtg_Pres%20dnloads/100311%20IHS%20diner%20mtg/100311MarkRiceMAPPIHS.pdf
![Page 12: Naval Architecture - Chesapeake STEM · Naval Architecture 2 Boats of the Chesapeake Skipjacks Crew members pull an oyster dredge in Tangier Sound of the Chesapeake Bay near Deal](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020214/5b017c577f8b9ad85d8e35bd/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Naval Architecture
11
Boats of the Chesapeake Commercial Ships
Virginiaishometo"America'sFirstPort,"establishedatJamestownin1607andalsohostedtheeraofthegreatclipperships.
Inthe17thcentury,thePortofBalRmoresupportedtobaccotradewithEngland,butsoonothercommodiResshippedthroughitsnaturalharbor.BothoftheseportsontheChesapeakeBayhaveevolvedintomajorshippingterminals.h#p://www.virginiaplaces.org/transportaRon/graphics/eastcoastports.png
AbulkcarrieratanchoroffAnnapoliswai=ngtoloadcargoinBal=more
MarylandandVirginiapilotshelpvesselsincludingcargoships,tankers,andcruiseshipsreachtheirdes=na=onssafelybyboardingthoseshipsfromasmallerboatandthennaviga=ngthemintoport.[h#p://buoybay.noaa.gov/featured-users/ben-schill]
![Page 13: Naval Architecture - Chesapeake STEM · Naval Architecture 2 Boats of the Chesapeake Skipjacks Crew members pull an oyster dredge in Tangier Sound of the Chesapeake Bay near Deal](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020214/5b017c577f8b9ad85d8e35bd/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Naval Architecture
12
Boats of the Chesapeake Commercial Ships
h#p://boards.cruisecriRc.com/showthread.php?t=203217
In2015,morethan90cruisescarrying193,709passengersdepartedfromBalRmore,whichrankedsixthinEastCoastports,eleventhinU.S.ports,andtwenRethinworldports.
h#p://www.mdsg.umd.edu/sites/default/files/files/keepclear.pdf
TheChesapeakeBaysupportsahealthytugandbargecommodi=estransporta=onindustry
![Page 14: Naval Architecture - Chesapeake STEM · Naval Architecture 2 Boats of the Chesapeake Skipjacks Crew members pull an oyster dredge in Tangier Sound of the Chesapeake Bay near Deal](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020214/5b017c577f8b9ad85d8e35bd/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Naval Architecture
13
Boats of the Chesapeake Coast Guard and Navy Shipyards
TheaircraJcarrierhasplayedasignificantroleinAmerica'snaRonaldefenseforover80years,extendingourmilitaryreachbeyondwhatwaspreviouslypossible.
NewportNewsShipbuildingisacommercialshipyardthathasbeeninvolvedintheevoluRonofU.S.aircraJcarriersandsubmarines.
TheCurRsBayCoastGuardYardwasestablishedin1899asaCoastGuardtrainingacademyandboatrepairstaRon.By1910,theCGYwasanoperaRonalshipbuildingandrepairfacility.
TheyardreacheditspeakemploymentduringWorldWarII(1941-45),withaworkforceofover3,000.
![Page 15: Naval Architecture - Chesapeake STEM · Naval Architecture 2 Boats of the Chesapeake Skipjacks Crew members pull an oyster dredge in Tangier Sound of the Chesapeake Bay near Deal](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020214/5b017c577f8b9ad85d8e35bd/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Naval Architecture
14
Boats of the Chesapeake Recreational Boats
Thereareapproximately212,000registeredboatsinMarylandand238,000inVirginia.ThemajorityoftheseboatsoperateontheChesapeakeBayoritstributaries.AccordingtotheChesapeakeBayPowerBoatAssociaRon,over80percentofallboatsregisteredontheBayarepowerboats.
Hydroplanesraceatthe106thrunningoftheCambridgeClassicontheChoptankRiver[h#p://www.proptalk.com/the-cambridge-classic/]
Ara\-upontheMagothyRivershowsanicemixofpowerandsail.[h#p://www.boatus.com/magazine/2012/June/a-burgee-and-an-idea.asp]
J/70sarepartofthe200boatsintheAnnapolisNOODrega`a[h#p://www.sailfeed.com/2015/05/annapolis-nood-preview-2/]
![Page 16: Naval Architecture - Chesapeake STEM · Naval Architecture 2 Boats of the Chesapeake Skipjacks Crew members pull an oyster dredge in Tangier Sound of the Chesapeake Bay near Deal](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020214/5b017c577f8b9ad85d8e35bd/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Naval Architecture
15
Why Do Boats Float?
Archimedes,wholivedfrom287BC-212BC,discoveredthat“abodyimmersedinaliquidoragashasabuoyantforceequaltotheweightoftheliquidorgasthatitdisplaces”whenheenteredabathtub.Excitedabouthisdiscovery,heranthroughthestreetsofSyracuseyelling“Eureka”
h#p://www.kusadasi.tv/archimedes.html
AshipthatislaunchedsinksintotheoceanunRltheweightofthewateritdisplacesisjustequaltoitsownweight.Astheshipisloaded,itsinksdeeper,displacingmorewater,andsothemagnitudeofthebuoyantforceconRnuouslymatchestheweightoftheshipanditscargo.
h#ps://www.britannica.com/science/Archimedes-principle
h#ps://dbf-blockii-boatbuilding.wikispaces.com/Archimedes
+Principle
![Page 17: Naval Architecture - Chesapeake STEM · Naval Architecture 2 Boats of the Chesapeake Skipjacks Crew members pull an oyster dredge in Tangier Sound of the Chesapeake Bay near Deal](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020214/5b017c577f8b9ad85d8e35bd/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Naval Architecture
16
Why Don’t Boats Tip Over?
SailboatheelingoverinaHiker-YachtRaceontheDelawareRiver,1870s
AnyfloaRngbodyissubjectedbytwoopposingverRcalforces.Oneisthebody'sweightW,whichisdownward,andtheotheristhebuoyantforceBF,whichisupward.TheweightisacRngatthecenterofgravityGandthebuoyantforceisacRngatthecenterofbuoyancyBO.
Boatstragicallyoverloadedwithrefugeesareunstablebecausethecenterofgravityistoohigh.[h#p://www.aljazeera.com/mritems/Images/
2016/5/26/8bd4ec05e6ea41de98d4e73cde827eb4_18.jpg]
![Page 18: Naval Architecture - Chesapeake STEM · Naval Architecture 2 Boats of the Chesapeake Skipjacks Crew members pull an oyster dredge in Tangier Sound of the Chesapeake Bay near Deal](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020214/5b017c577f8b9ad85d8e35bd/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Naval Architecture
17
Why Don’t Boats Tip Over?
Asashipheelsoverthecenterofbuoyancy,BOisshiJedbecauseawedgeofwaterisimmersedononesideandemersedontheother.
TheshipmayRltfrommanycauses,likewindorwaveacRoncausingthecenterofbuoyancytoshiJtoanewposiRonBO'asshownbelow. TheCougarAce=ppeda\erherballastwasadjusted
intheopensea[U.S.CoastGuard]
TheKoreanferryMVSewolcapsizedin2014,killing304people.Anunreasonablysuddenturnand
overloadingcausedthecapsizing.[SouthKoreanCoastGuard]
![Page 19: Naval Architecture - Chesapeake STEM · Naval Architecture 2 Boats of the Chesapeake Skipjacks Crew members pull an oyster dredge in Tangier Sound of the Chesapeake Bay near Deal](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020214/5b017c577f8b9ad85d8e35bd/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Naval Architecture
18
What Makes a Powerboat Move?
Energysourcesusedtopropelboatsare:• Fossilfuels(gasoline,diesel,naturalgas)• Renewableenergy(wind,solar)• Humanpower-rowing
Thecurrentpowerboatspeedrecordof318mphwassetin1978byAustralianKenWarby,inawoodenhebuiltinhisbackyard[h#p://
www.digitaltrends.com/cool-tech/fastest-boat-in-the-world/]
Weighinginat131tons,thispropellerdrivestheEmmaMaersk,acontainershipwithaloadcapacityofupto14,770twenty-footcontainers,alengthof397m.[h#p://www.marineinsight.com/
tech/8-biggest-ship-propellers-in-the-world/]
Avessel'spropellerworksbythrusRngacolumnofwaterawayfromthehull,producingareacRveforcethatmovestheboatforward.
h#p://www.pointwise.com/theconnector/May-2014/Propeller-Blade-Loads-with-
OpenFOAM.shtml
![Page 20: Naval Architecture - Chesapeake STEM · Naval Architecture 2 Boats of the Chesapeake Skipjacks Crew members pull an oyster dredge in Tangier Sound of the Chesapeake Bay near Deal](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020214/5b017c577f8b9ad85d8e35bd/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Naval Architecture
19
What Makes a Sailboat Move?
In2012,theVestasSailrocketIIachievedaspeedofover65knots(75+MPH)[h#p://www.sailrocket.com/]h#ps://astarmathsandphysics.com/a-level-physics-notes/173-forces-and-
moRon/2788-how-sails-work.html
AccordingtoBernoulli’sPrinciple,whenwindcomesincontactwiththefrontofsail,theairsplitsupandsomeairtravelsoverthesailandsometravelsunderthesail.Airtravellingoverthesailhasafurtherdistancetogosoinordertomeetbackupwiththesameairatthetrailingend,itmusttravelfaster.ThiscreatesalowpressureareaoraliJforce.
![Page 21: Naval Architecture - Chesapeake STEM · Naval Architecture 2 Boats of the Chesapeake Skipjacks Crew members pull an oyster dredge in Tangier Sound of the Chesapeake Bay near Deal](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020214/5b017c577f8b9ad85d8e35bd/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Naval Architecture
20
What Makes a Human-Powered Boat Move?
h#ps://www.britannica.com/topic/rowing-boat-propulsion-and-sport
h#p://www.seabreeze.com.au/ArRcles/Stand%20Up%20Paddle/Beginners-guide-to-improving-your-SUP-paddling_5591958.aspx
• Eight-personrowingshellscanobtainspeedsof18mph.
• OnDecember26,2015,JohnBeeden,53,becamethefirstpersontosuccessfullyrownon-stop,unassistedfromNorthAmericatoAustraliacovering7400nauRcalmilesin209days.
• In1896,FrankSamuelsenandGeorgeHarborowedfromManha#antoEnglandin55daysand13hours,covering3,250miles.
h#p://oarnorthwest.com/2013/02/daily-educaRon-update-2-1-harbo-and-samuelsson/
![Page 22: Naval Architecture - Chesapeake STEM · Naval Architecture 2 Boats of the Chesapeake Skipjacks Crew members pull an oyster dredge in Tangier Sound of the Chesapeake Bay near Deal](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020214/5b017c577f8b9ad85d8e35bd/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Naval Architecture
21
What Slows a Boat Down?
ComponentsofTotalHullResistance
Theresidualresistanceisduetopressuresdevelopedinpushingthewateraside,andarisesfromtheformofthehull.
Theairresistanceofashipalsoslowsitdown.
h#p://www.humphree.com/learn-more/how-it-works/
Theresistanceofferedbyashiptomovementthroughwatermayberesolvedintotwoprincipalcomponents:fricRonal(viscous)resistanceandresidual(wavemaking)resistance.
ThefricRonalresistancearisesfromfricRonalforcessetupbytheflowofwateralongthesurfaceofthehull,andisconsequentlyinfluencedbyfouling(barnacles).
![Page 23: Naval Architecture - Chesapeake STEM · Naval Architecture 2 Boats of the Chesapeake Skipjacks Crew members pull an oyster dredge in Tangier Sound of the Chesapeake Bay near Deal](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020214/5b017c577f8b9ad85d8e35bd/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Naval Architecture
22
What Slows a Boat Down?
W.Froude'ssketchofcharacteris=cbowwavetrain[h#p://www.ebah.com.br/content/ABAAAg1k0AL/principles-of-naval-
architecture-vol-ii-resistance-propulsion-and-vibraRon?part=6]
WilliamFroudeshowedthatthewaveeffectsofscaleshipmodelstowedinatankwouldresembleactualshipsifthevelocitywasreducedinproporRontothesquarerootofthelength. WilliamFroude(1810-1879)
Computa=onalFluidDynamics(CFD)isnowusedtopredicttheresistanceofshiphulls[h#p://cflymarine.com/services/]
BoatinUSNATowingTank[h#ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YXCU_mCuI8g]
![Page 24: Naval Architecture - Chesapeake STEM · Naval Architecture 2 Boats of the Chesapeake Skipjacks Crew members pull an oyster dredge in Tangier Sound of the Chesapeake Bay near Deal](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020214/5b017c577f8b9ad85d8e35bd/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Naval Architecture
Length-to-Beamra=oofsomesailboats[h#p://sailingmagazine.net/arRcle-1218-comparing-boats.html]
23
Efficient Boats
AccordingtonavalarchitectDaveGerr,thethreebasicthingsthatmakepowerboatsmoreefficientare:
1. Long,slenderhulls2. Goingslower3. Anefficientpropulsionpackage
WecanaddlightweightconstrucRontothatlist.
Limitedstabilityreducestheviabilityofverylong,narrowboathulls.Catarmaransandtrimarans(mulRhulls)overcomethischallengeandareeasilymovedthroughthewater.
SincemulRhullsareverynarrow,theyareveryweightsensiRvesoaretypicallybuiltusinglightweightmaterials.ThedisplacementcatamaranHoloHolois62’long,weighsabout25,000lbs,hasa
pairof440hpenginesandoperatesinsomeofthemostseverewatersintheUS.[h#p://www.mulRhulldesigns.com/pdf/powercatslt.pdf]
![Page 25: Naval Architecture - Chesapeake STEM · Naval Architecture 2 Boats of the Chesapeake Skipjacks Crew members pull an oyster dredge in Tangier Sound of the Chesapeake Bay near Deal](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020214/5b017c577f8b9ad85d8e35bd/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Naval Architecture
24
Efficient Boats
Shu`leworthDesigns"Adastra"is42.5meterslongandhasatopspeedof23.2knots[h#p://www.shu#leworthdesign.com/adastra-arRcle-part1.html]
Thecenterhulloftrimaranshavenoinherentstability-allthestabilityiscreatedbytheoutriggers.ThesevesselscanachievelengthtobeamraRosinexcessof17,whichhasbeenshowntosignificantlyincreasefuelefficiency
TuranorPlanetSolaristheworld'slargestsolar-poweredboat[h#p://www.bbc.com/news/business-23936775]
TodemonstratethepotenRalofsolarpower,thePlanetSolarcircumnavigatedtheglobe(60,000kmor37,000miles)usingenergyharnessedfrommorethan500squaremetersofsolarpanelstodrivetwo60kWelectricengines.
![Page 26: Naval Architecture - Chesapeake STEM · Naval Architecture 2 Boats of the Chesapeake Skipjacks Crew members pull an oyster dredge in Tangier Sound of the Chesapeake Bay near Deal](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020214/5b017c577f8b9ad85d8e35bd/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Naval Architecture
25
Efficient Boats Electric Propulsion
TheAmpereisthefirstall-electricba`ery-poweredcarandpassengerferryintheworldandcarries120carsand360passengersatabout10knots
[h#p://cleantechnica.com/2015/06/13/worlds-first-electric-ba#ery-powered-ferry/]
Elcoelectricmotorandba`eries[h#p://www.elcomotoryachts.com/elco-ep-motor-benefits.shtml]
Elco’shistorydatesbacktothe1893ChicagoWorld’sColumbianExposiRon,whereitintroduced55electriclaunches.Todaythecompanyoffersbothinboardandoutboardelectricmotors.
Benefitsofelectricpowerinclude:• Noexhaustfumesproduced• SilentmotoroperaRon• Cruisealldayandchargetheba#eriesovernight
![Page 27: Naval Architecture - Chesapeake STEM · Naval Architecture 2 Boats of the Chesapeake Skipjacks Crew members pull an oyster dredge in Tangier Sound of the Chesapeake Bay near Deal](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020214/5b017c577f8b9ad85d8e35bd/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Naval Architecture
26
Boat Design Questions
• Whydoesapieceofsteelsinkinwaterandmeanwhileaboatmadeoutofsteelcanfloat?
• Whydoesn’tasailboatRpoverwhenwindblowsagainstthesail?
• Howdoesasailboatsailintothewind?
• Whichtypeofboatmoveseasierthroughthewater,anarrowboatorawideboat?
• Whichtypeofboatismorestable,anarrowboatorawideboat?
• Whattypesofenergysourcescanbeusedtomoveboats?
• Ifyoucouldgoanywhereintheworldinaboat,wherewouldyougo?Whattypeofboatwouldyouuse?
![Page 28: Naval Architecture - Chesapeake STEM · Naval Architecture 2 Boats of the Chesapeake Skipjacks Crew members pull an oyster dredge in Tangier Sound of the Chesapeake Bay near Deal](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020214/5b017c577f8b9ad85d8e35bd/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Naval Architecture
27
Bay Challenges
• WhatwouldaworkboatfortheBaythatuseslessenergythantradiRonaldeadriseboatslooklike?
• ArepassengerferryroutesthatexistedontheBay100yearsagoviabletoday?Whatwouldtheseferrieslooklike?
• HowcanwereducethecarbonfootprintfromcommercialshippingontheBay?
• WhattypesofrecreaRonalboatsaremoreefficientthanspeedboatsandcabincruisersthatarepopularonthebay?
• Howcanweaccommodatemorehuman-poweredboatsontheBay?
• WhattypesofjobsrelatedtoboatsandshipsontheBaylookliketheywouldbefunandagoodwaytomakealiving?