Nautical Publications

4th two-hours

The 4th two hours will deal with review, warm-up, the study of Admiralty Notices to Mariners title page and explanatory notes, a brief summary and homework

1. review

1. What is Notices to Mariners?

2. What is Annual Summary of Notice to Mariners?

3. What are printed on the title page of Admiralty Weekly Edition?

Notices to Mariners are periodical publications, edited as booklet, for the main purpose to advise mariners of important matters affecting navigational safety, including new hydrographic information, changes in channels and aids to navigation, and other important data.

Annual Summary of Notices to Mariners is an important complement to Weekly NMs. This publication contains the Annual Statutory Notices to Mariners Numbers 1-25, a summary of Temporary and Preliminary Notices to Mariners still in force at the start of the year, and a Cumulative Summary of Amendments to Admiralty Sailing Directions.

1)the numbers of notices contained in the Weekly Edition;2)the consecutive number of the Weekly Edition;3)the date on which the Weekly Edition was published;4)the contents;5)things requested of mariners.

2. Warm up ask some relevant questions about Notices to

Mariners through interaction with the students. Ask them whether they have learned them in their major subjects or how much do they know.

analogue n. 类似物

3.Vocabulary

Generally, voice transmission is in analogue form. 通常，声音的传送是用模拟形式。

analogue display 模拟显示

defect n. 缺点，故障

Defect tracking and resolution. 缺陷跟踪并解决。

critical defect重大缺陷

line defect 线路缺陷

gratis adv. 免费地，白送 adj. 免费的

We provide gratis service.   我们提供免费服务。

Unless noted otherwise, these publications are gratis.除非特别注明，这些出版品都是免费。

telex n. 电传，用户电报

fax n .= facsimile 传真

horizontal adj. 地平线的 , 水平的

Please put your armrest into horizontal position for landing.   降落时请将座位扶手放于水平位置。

datum n. 【测】基点线 , 基准面

graduation n. 刻度，分度

chart datum 海图基准面

graduation range 刻度距离

reckon vt. 计算 , 总计 , 估计

We reckon your pay with our adding machine.   我们用加法机计算你的工资。

Did you reckon in the time needed for unloading the cargo?   你把卸货所需的时间计算进去了吗 ?

clockwise adj. 顺时针方向的 adv. 顺时针方向地

反义词： anticlockwise

clockwise anticlockwise

nominal range 额定光力射程luminous range 光力射程，光达射程geographical range 地理射程

alternatively adv. 做为选择 , 二者择一地

Alternatively, he could look the address up in a directory .还有一种办法，他可能会到地址目录中查找。

Can we come up with a better alternative for handling this problem?我们能不能想出更好的替代方案以处理这个问题？

alternative adj. 供选择的；选择性的；交替的 n. 二中择一；供替代的选择

supplement n. 补篇 , 补充 , 附录 , 增刊 vt. 补充

She get a part time job to supplement the family income.她找了一个兼职工作以补充家庭收入。

a diet supplement 饮食补给品

liability n. 责任，义务

The Carrier shall be exonerated from all liability for any loss, damage, injury howsoever caused.承运人应免除由此引起的任何损失、损坏、伤害的全部责任。

---liability for damage赔偿责任；损害责任

liability for marine accidents海洋事故的责任

prudence n. 审慎

He acted with prudence. 他谨慎行事。

Prudence is a good thing; forethought is wisdom.谨慎小心是好事；深谋远虑是明智。

shoal n. 浅滩，沙洲

shoal mark 浅滩标志

magnetic shoal 具有磁干扰的浅水区

The ship struck a shoal and brought up all standing.那艘船撞上了浅滩突然停住。

*incorporate vt. 包含，合并

---The computer company will be incorporated with another.

---incorporate into 合并

*sparse adj. 稀少的，稀疏的

---The data on Argentine incomes are sparse .有关阿根廷国民收入的资料不多。

elapse vi. ( 时间 ) 过去 , 消逝

The further off this solid obstruction the longer time will elapse for the return of the echo.固体障碍物越远。回声返回所用时间就越长。

Passage Two Explanatory Notes

Dating Weekly Notices are dated for the Thursday

appropriate to the week that the printed version is dispatched from the UKHO. They are available earlier from the UKHO website.

Original Information A star adjacent to the number of a notice

indicates that the notice is based on original information.

Charts and Positions The notices in Section II give instructions for the

updating of standard nautical charts and selected thematic charts in the Admiralty series.

Geographical positions refer to the horizontal datum of the current edition of each affected chart which is stated in the notice alongside the appropriate chart number.

Positions are normally given in degrees, minutes and decimals of a minute, but may occasionally quote seconds for convenience when plotting from the graduation of some older-style charts.

地理位置参照相关海图当前版水平基准面。

位置通常用度，分和分的小数表示。

Where Leisure Products are referred to different horizontal datums from the standard nautical charts for that geographical area, positions in the notices cannot be plotted directly on these products. Bearings are true reckoned clockwise from 000° to 359°; those relating to lights are from seaward. Symbols referred to are those shown on Chart 5011. Depths and heights are given in metres or fathoms and/or feet as appropriate for the chart being updated (abbreviated where necessary to m, fm and ft respectively). Blocks and notes accompanying notices in Section II are placed towards the end of the section.

非标准的 ( 海图 )

方位以按顺时针方向从 000 到 359 的真方向测算。有关灯标的方位是从海

上看的真方向。

有关符号即 5011 海图所示符号。Chart 5011: 5011 海图 (其全名为“ Symbols and Abbreviations Used on Admiralty Charts”英版海图符号与缩写）

Temporary and Preliminary Notices These are indicated by (T) or (P) after the notice

number and are placed at the end of Section II. They are printed on one side of the paper in order that they may be cut up and filed.

To assist in filing, the year is indicated after the notice number and an in-force list is published monthly.

Information from these notices is not included on charts before issue; charts should be updated in pencil on receipt.

（通告和预告）都是单面印刷，以便于裁下归档。

Further Guidance The Mariner’s Handbook (NP100) gives a fuller

explanation of the limitations of charts. Annual Notice 9 gives the UKHO policy for the

promulgation and selection of navigationally significant information for charts.

Details of chart updating methods can be found in NP294, “How to Keep Your Admiralty Charts Up-to-date”.

All users are advised to study these publications.

Lights When a light is affected by a notice its Light List

number is quoted. The detailed amendment to the List of Lights is given in Section V and may be published in an earlier edition than the chart-updating notice.

The entire entry for each light amended will be printed (including minor changes) and an asterisk (*) will denote which column contains an amendment. In the case of a new light, or where a new sequence is added below the main light, an asterisk (*) will appear under all columns.

All Section V entries are intended to be cut out and pasted into the book. It is emphasized that the List of Lights is the primary source of information on lights and that many alterations, especially those of a temporary but operational nature, are promulgated only as corrections to the List of Lights. Light positions should be regarded as approximate and are intended to indicate the relative positions of lights only. Charts should be consulted for a more authoritative position. The range of a light is normally the nominal range, except when the responsible authority quotes luminous or geographical range.

灯标的射程一般为额定光力射程，除非负责当局标明

为光力射程或地理射程。

Radio Signals When a chart-updating notice is issued for

information that is also included within Admiralty List of Radio Signals, the appropriate volume reference number is quoted, followed in parentheses by the number of the Weekly Edition containing (in Section VI) the corresponding amendment to the service details.

The amendments in Section VI should be cut out and pasted into the appropriate volumes.

当海图改正通告发布的信息同时也包含在英版无线电信号表中时，就要引用其无线电信号表相应参考编号，并在后面括号内标注含有 (在第六部分 )对无线电信号服务细则相应改正的周版航海通告编号。

What is service details?

无线电信号服务细则

Sailing Directions Amendments to Sailing Directions are given in

Section IV. Those in force at the end of the year are reprinted in the Annual Summary of Admiralty Notices to Mariners Part 2 (NP 247(2)).

A list of amendments in force is published in Section IV of the Weekly Edition quarterly.

For volumes of Sailing Directions maintained by Continuous Revision, amendments may be cut out and pasted/corrected directly in to the book. Alternatively, and for the remaining volumes of Sailing Directions maintained by Supplement, it is recommended that amendments are kept in a file with the latest list of amendments in force on top. The list should then be consulted when using the parent book to see if any amendments, affecting the area under consideration, are in force. It is not recommended that amendments be stuck in the parent book, or the supplement of Sailing Directions maintained by supplement.

建议将改正归档保存，最新的有效改正表放在最上面。

it is recommended that… 是一个主语从句结构。类似的还有： It is emphasized that… ; It should be borne in mind that… 等 .

Radio Navigational WarningsSee Note at the start of Section

III. CAUTIONARY NOTES Updating Updating information is published by Weekly

Notices to Mariners supplemented by radio warnings for items of immediate importance.

It should be borne in mind that they may be based on reports which cannot always be verified before promulgation, and that it is sometimes necessary to be selective and promulgate only the more important items to avoid overloading users; the remainder being included in revised editions of the charts and publications concerned.

Laws and Regulations While, in the interests of the safety of shipping, t

he UKHO makes every endeavour to include in its publications details of the laws and regulations of all countries appertaining to navigation, it must be clearly understood:—

(a) that no liability whatsoever can be accepted for failure to publish details of any particular law or regulation, and

(b) that publication of the details of a law or regulation is solely for the safety and convenience of shipping and implies no recognition of the international validity of the law or regulation.

While every effort is made to ensure the accuracy of the information on Admiralty charts and other publications, it should be appreciated that it may not always be complete and up-to-date.

The mariner must be the final judge of the reliance he can place on the information given, bearing in mind his particular circumstances, local pilotage guidance and the judicious use of available navigational aids.

Reliance on Charts and Associated Publications

Charts Charts should be used with prudence: there are

areas where the source data are old, incomplete or of poor quality.

The mariner should use the largest scale appropriate for his particular purpose; apart from being the most detailed, the larger scales are usually corrected first.

When extensive new information (such as a new hydrographic survey) is received, some months may elapse before it can be fully incorporated in published charts. On small scale charts of ocean areas where hydrographic information is, in many cases, still sparse, charted shoals may be in error as regards position, least depth and extent. Undiscovered dangers may exist, particularly away from well-established routes.

Satellite-Derived Positions and Chart Accuracy Mariners must not assume that charts which are

referred to WGS84 Datum, or those for which shifts to WGS84 Datum are provided, have been surveyed to modern standards of accuracy.

On some charts, owing to the age and quality of the source information, some of the charted detail may not be positioned accurately. In such cases mariners are advised to exercise particular caution when navigating in the vicinity of dangers, even when using an electronic positioning system such as GPS.

在常规大地测量中，各国都有自己的测量基准和坐标系 (如我国的 1980年国家大地坐标系 C80) 。由于 GPS 是全球性的定位导航系统，其坐标系统也必须是全球性的。为了使用方便，它是通过国际协议确定的，称为协议地球坐标系(Conventional Terrestrial System—CTS) 。目前， GPS 测量中所使用的协议地球坐标系统称为 WGS—84, 世界大地坐标系 (World Geodetic System) 。属于地心坐标系，它是美国国防局为进行 GPS导航定位于 1984年建立的地心坐标系，1985年投入使用。

For further details, see Annual Notice to Mariners No 19 and The Mariner’s Handbook (NP100), Chapter 2. This applies to both paper and digital (ARCS and ENC) versions.

ARCS: Admiralty Raster Chart Service 英版光栅海图服务，英国海军海道测量局于 1996年正式对外提供光栅海图 (简称ARCS) ，它是通过计算机将纸质海图进行数字化并存入CD—ROM 光盘内，具有自动航海通告改正功能，广泛用于电子导航系统中。ENC: Electronic Navigation Chart 电子航行图表

4. Summary: we’ve studied the Notices to Mariners title page and the Explanatory Notes. Try to read to get the information as much as possible.

5. Homework Assignment: 1) Go over the Explanatory Notes part and try to summarize. 2) Preview Passage Three.