British Museum Studies in Ancient Egypt and Sudan 24 (2019): 1–6

Naukratis in Context: programme and bibliographyAurélia Masson-Berghoff and Ross Thomas

Volume dedicated to Donald M. Bailey († 15 August 2014) and Norbert Kunisch († 2 May 2018)

picture at 50mm from top frame

ISSN 2049-5021

http://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/Masson-Berghoff_Thomas_24.pdf

Naukratis in Context: programme and bibliography1

Aurélia Masson-Berghoff and Ross Thomas

Volume dedicated to Donald M. Bailey († 15 August 2014) and Norbert Kunisch († 2 May 2018)

1 Front cover image: Reconstruction of the international harbour town of Naukratis with its Egyptian and Greek temples. 3D reconstruction of Naukratis as viewed from the north-west, by Grant Cox (ArsMedia) on behalf of the Naukratis Project © Trustees of the British Museum.

This special issue of BMSAES publishes papers and additional reflections arising from two workshops organised at the British Museum in 2011 and 2013 as part of the British Museum’s Naukratis Project (see Villing et al. 2013–19) which was still in its crucial early phases at this point. The first workshop was organised by Ross Thomas and the second workshop by Marianne Bergeron and Aurélia Masson-Berghoff. When we organised the workshops we were particularly keen to invite archaeologists, Classicists and Egyptologists to discuss together the diverse and sometimes contrasting narratives of the different disciplines and the underlying ancient realities. The views of many authors have evolved since, through recent research and new discoveries, and all papers presented here have been thoroughly revised and updated since they were originally conceived. Not all papers given at the workshops are included here, and some have been published elsewhere in the meantime (see bibliography below). One article in the second part of this volume is the product of merging papers presented at both workshops (Thomas) and one additional paper has been commissioned (el-Kharadly).

The first Naukratis workshop, entitled ‘The Nile Delta as a Landscape of Connectivity’ (16–17 December 2011), concentrated on the subjects of transport networks; trade and consumption; Delta industry; and Delta communities. The objective was to discuss the impact of the changing landscape and changing technology on human activity and interaction in this region. The role of craftsmen in processes of change was also explored. Broad theoretical models were discussed, concerning the role of mental landscape vs. natural landscape and the (perceived) ‘purity’ (or complete absence of purity) of cultures, and their long tradition of influence and mixing, with the apparent role of Naukratis within this discussed and debated. Practicalities were also discussed concerning the difficulties faced by scholars dealing with the distortion of the evidence from early fieldwork and attempts to remedy this through the re-study of archives and early finds from the old excavations as well as through new fieldwork. The discussions proved very useful when planning the new fieldwork at Naukratis undertaken by the British Museum between 2012 and 2018. Papers presented at the first workshop comprised:

Alexandra Villing ‘Naukratis and the British Museum’Judith M. Bunbury, ‘The development of the geography of the Nile Delta’Benjamin Pennington and Laurence Pryer Neal Spencer ‘Kom Firin’

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Damian Robinson ‘Shipwreck 43: a 6th–5th century BC ship from Heracleion’John Cooper ‘The navigational landscape of the western Delta: Islamic documentary evidence’Mohamed Ali ‘Recent SCA excavations at Naukratis’Catherine Defernez ‘The Greek documentation of the Persian garrison of Tell el-Herr (North-Sinai)’Catherine Grataloup ‘Herakleion: Saite imported pottery, and new observations on vase features of the Persian and native dynasties’Elsbeth van der Wilt ‘The lead objects from Herakleion-Thonis’Astrid Möller ‘Naukratis and Herakleion – two sides of one coin? Points of discussion’Mervat Seif el-Din ‘Cat figurines from the Alexandrian Boubastion’Mikael Pesenti ‘A Greek foot on the Egyptian soil at the Saite-Persian period: an amphorological approach’Alan Johnston ‘Amphora stamps from Naukratis: working towards insolubility’Pascale Ballet ‘Buto: interactions with the Greek and Roman’ Ross Thomas ‘Figurines from Naukratis’Marianne Bergmann ‘Some evidence from Schedia’and Michael HeinzelmannSanda Heinz ‘Statuettes, amulets and the community at Heracleion-Thonis’Geneviève Pierrat- ‘Faïence objects in Naukratis’Bonnefois Virginia Webb ‘Faience finds from Naucratis and their implication for the chronology of the site. How helpful are they in confirming its nature as a manufacturing and trading centre?’Alex Fantalkin ‘Naukratis as an outcome of contemporary geo-political configurations?’Jean-Yves Carrez- Greek landings and Hellenic appropriations in “the Island” (the EgyptianMaratray Delta)’Penelope Wilson ‘“Fortress of the Milesians”: security and trade networks’Giorgos Bourogiannis ‘Aspects of Cypriot and Phoenician presence in the Nile Delta during the Third Intermediate period and the 26th Dynasty’Ursula Höckmann ‘Cypriotes or Cypro-Ionians at Naukratis?’

The second workshop (22–23 June 2013) was dedicated to ‘Religious Naukratis in Context’. Some studies put the primary emphasis on cults, sanctuaries and offerings at Naukratis itself. Our own extensive cataloguing of Naukratis finds spread across over eighty museums and other institutions, and the concomitant efforts to recontextualise them, offered opportunities to discuss anew traditional topics such as Greek vases and their dedication at the site. They also allowed (re)consideration of Egyptian votive offerings and cult practices at Naukratis, usually overlooked or little known. In the light of these new findings some of the discussion focused on the patrons, clienteles and roles of Greek and Egyptian sanctuaries at Naukratis. Other papers aimed to situate Naukratis in the wider perspective of religious phenomena in the Mediterranean

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area, especially in the context of trading ports or emporia, but also in various Late Period and Ptolemaic Egyptian sites in the Delta and elsewhere. The workshop comprised the following speakers and papers:

Heba Abd el-Gawad ‘Royal cults and the packaging of Ptolemaic “soft power” outside Egypt’Damien Agut- ‘Amun of Naukratis: The Egyptian temple and the Greek port ofLabordère trade’Marianne Bergeron ‘Greek vase offerings in Naukratis and other harbour sanctuaries’Denise Demetriou ‘Religious middle grounds in cosmopolitan emporia’Anna Garnett ‘“I too came to you, Pan!” A sacred Graeco-Roman landscape in Egypt’s Eastern Desert’Franck Goddio and ‘Herakleion-Thonis’Catherine Grataloup Ivan Guermeur ‘Egyptian evidence at Naukratis’Jan-Marc Henke ‘Cypriot terracottas as initiators of technical and “religious” innovations in East Greek communities?’Alexander Herda ‘On the cult of Apollo Didymeus Milesios in Naukratis. Milesian and Karian mercenaries and traders and the beginnings of Naukratis’Alan Johnston ‘The Greek votive inscriptions in Naukratis’Ireen Kowalleck ‘Votive offerings and ritual practices in the Ionian sanctuaries of Apollo’Norbert Kunisch ‘Attic vase offerings at Miletus’Aurélia Masson- ‘Naukratis: Egyptian votive offerings in context’Berghoff Wolfgang Müller ‘Syene/Aswan – the garrison town of the Late Period’Daniel von ‘The decoration of the temple of Amun at Naukratis’RecklinghausenJohn Taylor ‘A new inscription from Naukratis?’Ross Thomas ‘Figures in context’Paolo del Vesco ‘Enshrined goddesses and ritual practices in a multicultural world’Alexandra Villing ‘Religion in a cross-cultural context: introduction’Virginia Webb ‘Religious practices at Naukratis as suggested by the faience finds and compared to Camirus in Rhodes’Penelope Wilson ‘“Gateway to the Underworld”: the cult areas at Sais in the Saite period’

By furthering scholarly understanding of the Nile Delta in Egypt’s relations with the Mediterranean and especially the Greek world, both workshops also proved instrumental in informing our own research on Naukratis, and we would like to thank all involved for giving their time and opinions. We would like to express our appreciation to the staff of the Greece and Rome department and to the volunteers for their help in the organisation of both workshops, the peer reviewers for their valuable comments, Carolyn Jones for her careful copy-editing of the papers, and Jessica Clarke for helping out with their layout. Finally, we are grateful to Neal Spencer for adopting the volume as a BMSAES special issue.

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Bibliography

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Bergmann, M. and Heinzelmann, M. 2014. Schedia – Zollstation und Flusshafen Alexandrias am Kanopischen Nil. In Harbors and harbor cities in the Eastern Mediterranean from Antiquity to the Byzantine period: Recent discoveries and current approaches, 101–12, S. Ladstätter, F. Pirson and T. Schmidts (eds). Byzas 19. Istanbul.Cooper, J. P. 2014. The Medieval Nile: Route, navigation and landscape in Islamic Eg ypt. Cairo.Defernez, C., Nogara, G. and Valbelle, D. With contributions from P. Ballet, L. Chaix, N. Favry, S. Marchi, J. Masquelier-Loorius and É. Rotté. 2017. Tell el-Herr: Les niveaux de la fin du Ve siècle et du IVe siècle av. J.-C. Vol. I. Un palais oriental à Migdol. Mission franco-ég yptienne de Tell el-Herr. Paris. Demetriou, D. 2017. Beyond polis religion: Religious practices in the cosmopolitan emporion of Naukratis. BABESCH Annual Papers on Mediterranean Archaeolog y 92: 49–66.Fantalkin, A. 2014. Naukratis as a contact zone: Revealing the Lydian connection. In Kulturkontakte in antiken Welten. Vom Denkmodell zur Fallstudie, 27–51, R. Rollinger and K. Schnegg (eds). Colloquia Antiqua 10. Leuven.Garnett, A. A monument in desert lands: Constructing and transforming place in Egypt’s Eastern Desert during the New Kingdom (1550–1069 BC). PhD thesis. University of Liverpool.Grataloup, C. 2015. Thonis-Heracleion pottery of the Late Period: Tradition and influences. In Robinson and Goddio 2015, 137–60.Heinz, S. Forthcoming. The statuettes and amulets of Thonis-Heracleion. Oxford Centre for Maritime Archaeology Monograph. Oxford.Herda, A. 2006. Der Apollon-Delphinios-Kult in Milet und die Neujahrsprozession nach Didyma. Ein neuer Kommentar der sogenannten Molpoi-Satzung. Milesische Forschungen 4. Mainz. Höckmann, U. 2007. Zyprisch-griechische Kleinplastik: Kouroi, andere Figuren und

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plastisch verzierte Gefässe. In Archäologische Studien zu Naukratis II, 13–307, U. Höckmann and W. Koenigs (eds). Worms.Möller, A. 2000. Naukratis: Trade in Archaic Greece. Oxford.von Recklinghausen, D. 2015. The decoration of the temple of Amun. In Villing et al. 2013–19. https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/Recklinghausen_Temple_of_Amun_SF_AV.pdfRedon, B., Vanpeene, M. and Pesenti, M. 2017. ‘La vigne a été inventée dans la ville égyptienne de Plinthine’. À propos de la découverte d’un fouloir saïte à Kôm el-Nogous (Maréotide). Bulletin de l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale 116: 303–24.Robinson, D. 2015. Ship 43 and the formation of the ship graveyard in the central port at Thonis-Heracleion. In Robinson and Goddio 2015, 211–25.Robinson, D. and Goddio, F. (eds). 2015. Thonis-Heracleion in context. Oxford Centre for Maritime Archaeology Monograph 8. Oxford.Spencer, N. 2008. Kom Firin I: The Ramesside temple and the site survey. British Museum Research Publication 170. London.Spencer, N. 2014. Kom Firin II: The urban fabric and landscape. British Museum Research Publication 192. London.Villing, A., Bergeron, M., Bourogiannis, G., Johnston, A., Leclère, F., Masson, A. and Thomas, R. 2013–19. Naukratis: Greeks in Egypt. British Museum Online Research Catalogue. http://www.britishmuseum.org/naukratisYoyotte, J. 2013. Histoire, géographie et religion de l’Ég ypte ancienne: Opera selecta. Textes édités et indexés par Ivan Guermeur. Orientalia Lovaniensa Analecta 224. Leuven; Paris; Walpole, MA (For Naukratis, see especially pages 508–20, 537–53 and 589–607).On Syene/Aswan, see reports and bibliography: http://swissinst.ch/html/forschung_neu.html