Nature’s Recipe for Nuclear Matter

Atoms for Peace + 50 ConferenceOctober 22, 2003

James SymonsLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Themes in 2003

• Neutrino Properties• Nuclear Astrophysics• Nuclear Matter• Understanding Quark Confinement• Nuclear Structure

Neutrino Properties - The nucleus as laboratory for fundamental studies

1964: Bahcall and Davis propose an experiment to detect solar Neutrinos

But the experiment only detects neutrinos at one third of the expected rate from the ssm!

Situation in 1990

3 neutrino species

Mass < 1eV

Solar neutrino problem

Why Kamioka?

KamLAND

80% of flux frombaselines 140 to 210 km

Kashiwazaki

Takahama

Ohi

National Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory

Nuclear Physics and the Universe

Phase Diagram of Nuclear MatterPhase Diagram of Nuclear Matter

Density

Tem

pera

ture

Jefferson Lab - CEBAF

Understanding Quark Confinement

Nuclear Structure

Rare Isotope Accelerator

rp p

roce

ss

r process

40 50 60 70 80 9010

-2

10-1

100

101

Where RIA can take usWhere RIA can take us

solar r abundanceobserved

Metal -poor halo star (HST)

abun

danc

e

Z

CS22892-052

RIA intensities (nuc/s)>1012

1010

106

102

10-2

10-6

neutrons

protons

X-ray burst (RXTE)

331

330

329

328

327

Fre

quen

cy (

Hz )

10 15 20Time (s)

4U1728-34

10 20 30Wavelength ()

V382 VelNe

Nova (HST)

T Pyxidis

Nova (Chandra)

One view of the field

neutrinosneutrinos

RHICRHIC

CEBAFCEBAFRIARIA

nucleonnucleonQCDQCD

few-body systemsfew-body systemsfree NN forcefree NN force

many-body systemsmany-body systemseffective NN forceeffective NN force

fewfewnucleonsnucleons

heavyheavynucleinuclei

quarksquarksgluonsgluons

quark-gluonquark-gluonplasmaplasma

QCDQCD

USLUSL

"for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith"

1952

2003

"for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging"

MRI Image using Polarized 3He

Available from Office of Science Web Sitehttp://www.sc.doe.gov/henp/np

Scientific Challenges

• Measure value of neutrino mass

• Understand how supernovae explode

• Explore the nature of nuclear matter

• Explore limits of quark confinement

• Heavy Element Nucleosynthesis and Structure

CHL-2CHL-2

Upgrade magnets Upgrade magnets and power and power suppliessupplies

Enhance equipment in Enhance equipment in existing hallsexisting halls

6 GeV CEBAF1112Add new hallAdd new hall