Nature of Anthropology

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    vwfw zdfzfgdckxvf om

    ikolonkghl wgkfcgfw

    kc zdf wzvj{ om mowwklw

    - lk}kcn dvbhcw#

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    Gvlzvyhl"WogkhlHczdyopolon{

    " vwfwzfgdckxvfw om

    dkwzoykghl yfwfhygd,oiwfy}hzkocw, -

    kczfy}kf~ kc zdfwzvj{ om yfgfcz -lk}kcn pfoplfw#

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    Hygdfolon{

    " vwfw zfgdckxvfw omftgh}hzkoc -

    dkwzoykghl yfwfhygd zoyfgocwzyvgz zdf ~h{wom lkmf om }hckwdfjpfoplfw#

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    Hlzdovnd zdf movy

    iyhcgdfw omhczdyopolon{ vwfjkmmfyfcz zfgdckxvfw- fthbkcfwobf~dhz jkmmfyfczwviafgz bhzzfyw, zdf{hll wdhyf zdf nohl omvcjfywzhcjkcndvbhckz{5 zdf{ hll

    bhef zdf vwf omwkcnlf zdfoyfzkghlgocgfpz, zdf kjfh omgvlzvyf#

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    Hczdyopolon{" zyhjkzkochll{ jkyfgzw kzw

    hzzfczkoc zo vcgk}klkqfj wogkfzkfw~dowf bfbifyw ghccoz yfhj oy ~ykzf,zo pykbkzk}f oy mole wogkfzkfw#

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    Hczdyopolonkwz " hyf nfcfyhll{ zdovndz om

    hw kcjk}kjvhlw ~do zyh}fl zo lkzzlf eco~c

    goycfyw om zdf ~oylj zo wzvj{ ftozkgpfoplfw, oy ~do jkn jffp kczo zdf fhyzd

    zo vcgo}fy mowwkl yfbhkcw oy zoolw -

    pozzfykfw om pfoplf ~do lk}fj locn hno#

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    Wogkolon{ dhw lkbkzfj kzw jkyfgz hzzfczkoc

    zo dkwzoykghl wogkfzkfw zdhz hyf gobplft

    yhzdfy zdhc wkbplf zo wogkfzkfw, kc wdoyz,

    ~dowf bfbifyw ghc yfhj - ~ykzf#

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    Wkcgf zdfwf wogkfzkfw hyf gobplft, zdf

    wogkolonkwz jofw coz wzvj{ zdfky fgocob{hw wvgd coy jo zdfky no}fycbfcz, coy

    zdfky lhcnvhnf - lkzfyhzvyf - wgkfcgf,ivz yhzdfy zdf wogkhl oynhckqhzkocw, zdf

    wogkhl wzyvgzvyf, - zdf wogkhl bhzykt ~kzdkczdfwf }hykovw pdfcobfch hppfhy#

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    Zdf hczdyopolonkwz dhj zo jo zdf ~oye

    ~kzd yfwpfgz zo coc"lkzfyhzf wogkfzkfw zdhzhll wogkhl wgkfczkwzw dh}f jocf zonfzdfy

    ~kzd yfwpfgz zo bojfyc gk}klkqfj

    wogkfzkfw#Zdfyf kw zdvw h jk}kwkoc om lhioykc}ol}fj kc zdf wzvj{ om lkzfyhzf wogkfzkfw

    zdhz ~ovlj if cfkzdfy pyhgzkghilf coy

    cfgfwwhy{ kc zdf wzvj{ om coc"lkzfyhzf

    wogkfzkfw#

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    PVYF WGKFCGFW HPPLKFJ WGKFCGFW

    Pd{wkgw

    Hwzyocob{

    Bhzdfbhzkgw

    Gdfbkwzy{Pd{wkolon{

    Polkzkghl Wgkfcgf

    Avykwpyvjfcgf

    Qoolon{

    Iozhc{Dkwzoy{

    Fgocobkgw

    Wogkolon{ - Hczdyopolon{

    Fcnkcffykcn

    Ch}knhzkoc

    Hggovczkcn

    Pdhybhg{Bfjkgkcf

    Polkzkgw

    Lh~

    Hckbhl Dvwihcjy{

    HnykgvlzvyfAovychlkwb

    Ivwkcfww

    Hjbkckwzyhzkoc, Jkplobhg{, Wogkhl

    ~oye

    !Zdkw zhilf wdo~w zdhz wogkolon{ kc phyzkgvlhy glfhyl{ iflocnw zo ocf om pvyf wgkfcgfw -

    coz zo zdf ozdfy#

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    Hczdyopolonkghl zdovndz fbfynfj hw h

    wfphyhzf mkflj om wgdolhyl{ wzvj{ kc zdf

    8400w, ~dfc kczfyfwz kc dvbhc pd{wkghl- gvlzvyhl }hykhiklkz{ ifghbf fwpfgkhll{

    nyfhz#

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    I{ zdfc, Fvyopfhc ftployfyw dhj lfhycfj

    om zdf ftkwzfcgf om bowz om zdf bhaoy

    nfonyhpdkg yfnkocw om zdf ~oylj# Wf}fyhlgfczvykfw om ~ykzzfc yfgoyjw dhj

    hggvbvlhzfj hiovz zdf iflkfmw -

    gvwzobw om zdf jk}fywf pfoplfw ~do lk}fjkc zdf Hbfykghw, Hmykgh, Hwkh, - zdf

    Kwlhcjw om zdf Phgkmkg#

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    Kc zdf fhyl{ 8400w, hz wf}fyhl

    plhgfw kc Fcnlhcj -Myhcgf, gyvjf, htf"lkef

    wzocf zoolw ~fyf movcj kc

    hwwogkhzkoc ~kzd ftzkcgz

    bhbbhlw# Kcmlvfcgfj i{zdf pyf}hlfcz Avjfo"

    Gdykwzkhc ~oylj }kf~, wobf

    kczfllfgzvhlw glhkbfj zdhzWhzhc dhj ivykfj zdfwzocfw zo ghvwf gocmvwkoc -

    joviz#

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    Ozdfyw do~f}fy, gocglvjfj zdhz zdffhyl{ pyfdkwzoykg kcdhikzhczw om Fvyopf

    dhj ocgf vwfj zdfwf zoolw - dhjlk}fj hz zdf whbf zkbf hw hckbhlwlocn ftzkcgz# Moy zdfwf zdkcefyw zdfpyoilfb ~hw vcjfywzhcjkcn zdf

    wknckmkghcgf om zdf yfbhkcw om dvbhcdkwzoy{" zdvw hczdyopolon{ fbfynfw hwh jkwgkplkcf zo kczfypyfz zdf yfbhkc omphwz#

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    Wogkolon{ ftpfykfcgfj h yhpkj

    jf}flopbfcz kc zdf90zd gfczvy{, bowzcozhil{ kc Myhcgf, Nfybhc{, - VW#

    8;=0" h yfbhyehilf vpwvynf om kczfyfwz

    yfwvlzfj kc zdf fwzhilkwdbfcz om wzyocnjfphyzbfczw kc hlbowz hll Iykzkwd

    Vck}fywkzkfw

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    Hczdyopolon{ kw h yflhzk}fl{ yfgfcz

    pyojvgz om ~fwzfyc gk}klkqhzkoc# Kc zdfVckzfj Wzhzfw, zdf 8wz govywf kc nfcfyhl

    hczdyopolon{ zo ghyy{ gyfjkz kc h

    gollfnf/vck}fywkz{ ~hw ommfyfj hz zdf

    Vck}fywkz{ om Yogdfwzfy, ivz coz vczkl 84>;#

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    Kc 844=, zdf 8wz hczdyopolon{ jfphyzbfcz~hw movcjfj hz zdf Vck}fywkz{ om

    Pfccw{l}hckh# ^d{ kw kz ocl{

    zdkw zkbf? Hyf zdf pfoplf coz wogocgfycfj ~kzd zdfky oyknkcw zdhz kz zooe

    zdfb zdkw lhzf zo wzvj{ w{wzfbhzkghll{

    zdfky ftkwzfcgf?

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    Hczdyopolon{w wlo~ nyo~zd bh{ ifjvf zo zdf lkbkzw om

    #Ftzfcwk}f zyh}fl ~hw

    vwvhll{ ftglvwk}f pyfyonhzk}f om mf~5zdf wzvj{ om moyfknc pfoplfw -

    gvlzvyfw ~hw coz lkefl{ zo mlovykwd vczkl

    hjfxvhzf bojfw om zyhcwpoyzhzkoc -

    gobbvckghzkoc govlj if jf}flopfj#

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    Hcozdfy wknckmkghcz flfbfcz zdhzgoczykivzfj zo zdf wlo~ nyo~zd omhczdyopolon{ ~hw zdf mhklvyf om Fvyopfhcwzo yfgonckqf zdf gobbocdvbhckz{zdhz

    zdf{ wdhyf ~kzd pfoplf hc{~dfyf# Wogkfzkfwzdhz jkj coz wviwgykif zo zdf mvcjhbfczhlgvlzvyhl }hlvfw om zdf Fvyopfhc ~fyfyfnhyjfj hw wh}hnf oy ihyihykhcw# Zdf{

    ~fyf coz h~hyf zdhz zdf wzvj{ om wh}hnfw kwzdf wzvj{ om hll dvbhcekcj#

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    Kc 8>;6, NfolonkwzAhbfw Dvzzoc

    pyopowfj zdhz zdf

    pd{wkghl mfhzvyfw om

    zdf fhyzdnfcfyhzfj i{

    pd{wkghl

    pdfcobfcoc ~fyfwghygfl{ cozkgfhilfkc h dvbhc lkmfzkbf#

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    Kc 8470, Gdhylfw L{fll popvlhykqfj zdf

    Vckmoybkzhykhc Zdfoy{# Df hbhwwfjf}kjfcgf zdhz zdf pyogfww yfwpocwkilf

    moy zdf moybhzkoc om zdf fhyzd oggvy hz

    wzfhj{ $vckmoyb+ - nyhjvhl yhzfw# Zdkw

    zdfoy{ kcmlvfcgfj zdf bkcj om ikolonkwz

    kjfhw hiovz dvbhckz{#

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    Kc 846;, Oyknkc om zdf Wpfgkfw

    ~hw pvilkwdfj ~dfyf df pyfwfczfjf}kjfcgfw zdhz zdf chzvyhl wpfgkfw dh}f

    gdhcnfj/f}ol}fj, o}fy locn zkbf wphcw#Df hlwo hynvfj zdhz yhjkghll{ cf~ moybw

    om lkmf jf}flop ovz om ftkwzkcn wpfgkfw#

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    Zdf yfhwoc ~f jo coz oiwfy}f zdkwzyhcwmoybhzkoc om ocf lkmf moyb

    kczo hcozdfy kw wkbpl{ zdhz dvbhclkmfzkbfw hyf zoo wdoyz moy zdf wlo~gdhcnfw zo if pfygfpzkilf zo ovy

    wfcwfw#

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    Jhy~kc cozfj zdhz oynhckwbw gobpfzf~kzd ocf hcozdfy o}fy wphgf, bhzfw,

    mooj, - ozdfy zdkcnw cffjfj moy wvy}k}hl- yfpyojvgzkoc# Kc fhgd nfcfyhzkoc,oynhckwb fcgovczfyfj chzvyhlgocjkzkocw zdhz wflfgz moy zdowf

    kcjk}kjvhlw ifwz hilf zo gobpfzf, h}okjifkcn fhzfc, yfwkwz jkwfhwfw - phyhwkzfw,mkcj - dolj bhzfw, - wo oc# Jhy~kcghllfj zdkw pyogfww Chzvyhl Wflfgzkoc#

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    Kc}fczkocwHcj

    Jkwgo}fykfw

    K# Lo~fy Wh}hnfy{KK# Bkjjlf Wh}hnfy{

    KKK#Vppfy Wh}hnfy{

    K]#Lo~fy Ihyihykwb

    ]# Bkjjlf Ihyihykwb]K#Vppfy Ihyihykwb

    ]KK#Gk}klkqhzkoc

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    Vppfy Wh}hnfw dhj

    kc}fczfj zdf io~ -

    hyyo~ ivz wzkll lhgefj

    pozzfy{

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    Lo~fy Ihyihykhcw dhj jkwgo}fyfjpozzfy{ ivz jkj coz eco~ hiovzjobfwzkghzkoc om hckbhlw - plhczw#

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    Bkjjlf Ihyihykhcw efpz hckbhlw -

    nyf~ zdfky o~c mooj ivz dhj coeco~lfjnf om wbflzkcn bfzhlw#

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    Vppfy

    Ihyihykhcw dhj hj}hcgffcovnd zo vwf kyoc ivz dhj co

    hlpdhifz - dfcgf co ~ykzkcn#

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    Gk}klkqhzkoc zdf

    mkchl wzhnf,~fyf lkzfyhzf#

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    Dkw Pykbkzk}f

    Gvlzvyf pvilkwdfj kc

    84>8 kc}fwzknhzfj

    zdf oyknkcw -jf}flopbfcz om

    yflknkoc

    Df powzvlhzfj zdhz

    yflknkoc dhj phwwfj

    zdyovnd 7 wzhnfw, zdfwf

    hyf1

    8# HCKBKWB

    9# POL[ZDFKWB7# BOCOZDFKWB

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    HCKBKWB kz kw h

    iflkfm zdhz zdf ~oylj

    kw popvlhzfj i{wpkykzvhl ifkcnw wvgd

    hw ndowzw, wovlw -

    jfbocw#

    ^d{ wvgd h iflkfm?

    Fhyl{ gvlzvyfw yfhwocfjzdhz1h+ Lk}kcn pfoplf dhw wpkykzvhl

    fwwfcgf h wovl zdhzlfh}fw zdf ioj{ zdvw

    ghvwfw jfhzd#i+ Zdf zdkcnw pfoplf wff kc

    zdfky jyfhbw - mhczhwkfwhyf yfhl, coz zdf pyojvgzwom zdfky kbhnkchzkocw#

    Wovlw bvwz lk}f oc hmzfy jfhzd, wkcgf wobfzkbfwpfoplf wff pfoplf kcjyfhbw - }kwkocw#

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    Fhyl{ pfoplfw f}fczvhll{

    }kf~fj zdf ~dolf ~oylj hw

    kcdhikzfj i{ wvpfychzvyhlifkcnw# Lhzfy, wobf om zdf

    ifkcnw ifghbf flf}hzfj zo h

    dkndfy powkzkoc zdhc ozdfyw, zo

    ifgobf nojw om wvc, boocwe{, - wo moyzd#

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    POL[ZDFKWB zdkw kw

    h iflkfm kc z~o oy

    boyf nojw jvf zozdf jyfhbw,mhczhwkfw, -

    kbhnkchzkocw om zdf

    pfoplf#

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    Dkwzoykghl Phyzkgvlhykwb Zdfoy{ $GH#

    8;00"8;:0+ zdkw ~hw gdhbpkocfj i{Hbfykghc hczdyopolonkwz Myhcq Iohw kc

    zdf fhyl{ 8;00w# Zdkw hppyohgd kwdkwzoykghl ifghvwf kz zfbpzfj zo

    jkwgo}fy zdf phwz kcmlvfcgfw oc h

    nk}fc gvlzvyf zdhz bhjf kz zdf ~h{ kz kwzojh{# Kz ~hw phyzkgvlhykwzkg ifghvwf kz

    fbpdhwkqfj zdhz fhgd pfoplf, -fhgd gvlzvyf, dhw kzw o~c vckxvf phwz#

    Kzw lonkghl pokcz kw wzhzfj hw mollo~w1

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    Kmf}fy{gvlzvyfkwzdf pyojvgzomhll moygfwzdhzhmmfgzfjkzkczdf phwz,hcjkmcogvlzvyfw phwzkwzdfwhbfhwhc{ozdfygvlzvyfw phwz,kz mollo~w

    zdhzfhgdgvlzvyfkwvckxvf# Hcjkmf}fy{gvlzvyfkwjkwzkcgzk}fhcjjkmmfyfcz myobhc{ozdfygvlzvyf,zdfczdfyfwfhygd moynfcfyhlf}olvzkochy{lh~wzdhzftplhkcgvlzvyfwhcj~d{zdf{gdhcnfkwlkefl{zo if mvzklf# Kzbh{zvycovzzo ifzdfghwfzdhzocf pfoplfw iflkfmwhcj

    ifdh}koywhyfftplhkcfjhjfxvhzfl{ i{ocfwfzomkcmlvfcgfw $fgocobkg mhgzoyw+, ivzhcozdfypfoplfw iflkfmwhcj ifdh}koywhyfftplhkcfj i{wobfzdkcn fczkyfl{jkmmfyfcz$yflknkoc+#

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    $GH 8;90"8;60+ Mvcgzkochlkwz

    , h Iykzkwd

    mhbovw kchczdyopolonkghl ~oye

    ifghvwf om dkw

    bhnckmkgfcz

    fzdconyhpdkfw om hPhgkmkg pfoplf eco~c hw

    Zyoiykhcj Kwlhcjfyw#

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    Bhlkco~wek hynvfj zdhz, o}fyzkbf, zdf cffjw om nyovpbfbifyw ~kll if bfz bowzl{ km

    pfoplf ifgobf fbozkochll{gobbkzzfj - hzzhgdfj zo zdfkcwzkzvzkocw zdhz hllo~ zdfb zo

    wvy}k}f - pyowpfy#

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