Nature - Conservation Gateway · •2009 energy crisis from low water here •Increased...
Transcript of Nature - Conservation Gateway · •2009 energy crisis from low water here •Increased...
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Nature: The Wave of Change
for Water
DR. HEATHER TALLIS Lead Scientist
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THE NATURE CONSERVANCY // 2
“The smaller the thing you study,
the bigger the problems you can address”
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THE NATURE CONSERVANCY
“The smaller the thing you study,
the bigger the problems you can address”
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THE NATURE CONSERVANCY
What’s the Role of Nature?
Hydropower
Drinking Water Quality
Groundwater
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Hydropower Infrastructure
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Hydropower Infrastructure
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THE NATURE CONSERVANCY // 7
Amaluza Dam, Ecuador
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THE NATURE CONSERVANCY // 8
Amaluza Dam, Ecuador
• Largest dam in Ecuador
• 2009 energy crisis from
low water here
• Increased sedimentation
rates from land use
change
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• Cosmogenic nuclides
• Areas with 75-80%
vegetation cover have pre-
anthro erosion rates
• Areas with lower cover have
up to 10 times higher
erosion
Amaluza Dam, Ecuador
Vanacker et al. 2007
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~7,000 Global Dams
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Huge Potential for Nature
What role will it play?
THE NATURE CONSERVANCY // 11
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Surface Drinking Water
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THE NATURE CONSERVANCY // 13
Medellin, Colombia
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THE NATURE CONSERVANCY // 14
Medellin, Colombia
• 2nd largest city in Colombia
• Drinking water for 3.8
million people
• 3 reservoirs
• Major agriculture expansion
in watersheds
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THE NATURE CONSERVANCY // 15
Medellin, Colombia
• Cyanobacterial blooms
fueled by ag runoff
• 50-100 year pollution
legacy in sediments
• Natural vegetation can
retain up to 89% of
phosphorus runoff
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Desbaratado Watershed, Colombia
Watershed Scale Investment Design
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LATIN AMERICA
Continental Scale Targeting
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GLOBAL POTENTIAL:
REVEALED TODAY
THE NATURE CONSERVANCY
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Groundwater
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Africa’s Water Needs
Adelana et al. 2012, UN-Water 2012
70% of countries are
behind on MDG
water access targets
80% of the
population relies on
groundwater
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Failing Wells
THE NATURE CONSERVANCY // 21
Uganda & South
Africa - 40-50%
failure rates
Mali – 90% failure
within 1 year
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‘Sustainability’ in Water Development
Does the pump still work?
THE NATURE CONSERVANCY // 22
Mechanical Failure
Contamination
Dry Well
Ghana – at least 1/3
of failures
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Extractable Water
THE NATURE CONSERVANCY // 23
Depth to Groundwater
MacDonald et al. 2012
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THE NATURE CONSERVANCY
Extractable Water Studies Used in Map
MacDonald et al. 2012
THE NATURE CONSERVANCY
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Huge Aquifer discovered in Northern Kenya
New York Times, Sept. 2013
THE NATURE CONSERVANCY // 25
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‘Sustainability’ in Water Development
Does the pump still work?
Harvey 2004
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How do we get there?
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THE NATURE CONSERVANCY // 28
CAS researcher on South-North transfer project:
“We had other choices, but construction
is easier. You pay. Companies build it.”
What’s Stopping Us?
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Science Shortfalls
Groundwater: tech leapfrog?
THE NATURE CONSERVANCY // 29
CHANCE FOR LEAPFROGGING TECH? CALI REBOUND
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THE NATURE CONSERVANCY // 30
CHANCE FOR LEAPFROGGING TECH? CALI REBOUND
Science Shortfalls
Groundwater: tech leapfrog?
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Science Shortfalls
What actually works at scale?
THE NATURE CONSERVANCY // 31
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Incentives
FINANCE
THE NATURE CONSERVANCY // 32
IDB LOAN FOR NAT INF BACKED BY INSURANCE
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BE THE WAVE OF CHANGE