Natural world heritage sites and associated issues
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Transcript of Natural world heritage sites and associated issues
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Natural World Heritage sites and associated issues
Golden Mountains of AltaiRussia
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Outline
• Three spots of Altai Republic in Southern Siberia were included in the World Heritage List in 1998.
• Research question: does increased visitation have positive or negative impact on Altai reserves?
• Method: literature review.• Main conclusion: increasing tourist visitation does
harm to Altai reserves because of divergence between Western concept of ecotourism and local ecotourism practice.
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Background. Territory. • 3 separate areas of Altai Republic are
inscribed in the World Heritage List: - Altaisky Zapovednik and a buffer zone
around Lake Teletskoye; - Katunsky Zapovednik and a buffer
zone around Mount Belukha; - the Ukok Quiet Zone on the Ukok
plateau. • The total area covers 1,611,457 ha. • Altai Republic has borders with China,
Mongolia and Kazakhstan• Endangered animal species such as
snow leopard
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Background. Socio-economic dimension.
• WWF and UNDP have included parts of the Altay kray and Altay Republic in their definition of the Altay-Sayan Ecoregion for purposes of conservation and development projects partially funded by the GEF of the World Bank.
• Indigenous people: tribal-Altaic groups such as the Telengit of the Chu River area, who number only several thousand in population.
• The local economy is heavily dependent on mining and agriculture.
• Rural people now impoverished include both ethnic Slavic and non-Slavic indigenous people.
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Background. Tourism in Altai Republic.
• Regional government is eager to develop tourism, marketing the Altay as ‘the Switzerland of Asia’.
• The number of tourists: - In 2009 – 1.05 mln (5,834 foreigners) - in 2010 - 1.2 mln (9,398 foreigners);• International travelers are stopped by distance,
problems with internal travel, and visa issues.• Main tourist activities: fishing, hunting, hiking,
white water rafting, skiing, heli-tours.
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Literature reviewBraden K. & Prudnikova N. (2008). The Challenge of Ecotourism Development in the Altai Region of Russia. Tourism Geographies: An International Journal of Tourism Space, Place and Environment, 1-21.Problem: Western supranational organizations (UNESCO, WWF) provide one set of expectations, rhetoric and definitions that do not always match internal Russian concepts of nature tourism. Centres of political and financial power - Moscow and St Petersburg - act as portals for Western-based development plans but may be challenged to serve local stakeholders or nature conservation goals in the peripheral Altay.
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Literature review (cont.)
Research question: what is the real, on-the-ground understanding of an ecologically sustainable tourism ethic for the Altai?Method: A qualitative research (set of interviews with locals, authorities and private tourist firms, analyze of official data).Conclusion: Demand creates supply. The question may truly be, not what is the Russian understanding of ecotourism, but who are the tourists and how do they conduct themselves?
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Literature review (cont.)
Framework for centre–periphery relations in Altay ecotourism interests
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Literature review (cont.)
Western concept• Ecotourism should provide
sustainable benefits to nature conservation.
• It should provide sustainable benefits to local communities.
• Western eco-tourists tended to be older, better educated and with a higher income than mass tourism clients
Russian reality• Illegal hunting tours for reach and
powerful tourists. Hunting fees are not returned for sustainable wildlife conservation.
• Many tourist companies are owned by urbanites in distant cities. Locals don't benefit from tourism.
• Russians eco-tourists are young people with low income; people with higher incomes would choose resorts or have access to travel internationally.
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Analysis. Tourism issues.
• Increased frequency of forest fires; • Accumulation of garbage and waste on the banks
of rivers and lakes; • With licenses for trophy animals officially costing
$US20–100, but tour companies charging $US1,500–2,000 per trophy – corruption.
• The issue of eco-tourist norms in Russia may depend on the Russian clients themselves as much as attracting more foreign visitors.
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Conclusion
• Background was analyzed, the literature was reviewed.
• Research question is answered: increased visitation have negative impact on Altai reserves.
• Recommendations for future investigations: what measures should be done to change the situation?
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THANK YOU!