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Natural Products
Kishan Gopal RamawatJean-Michel MerillonEditors
Natural Products
Phytochemistry, Botanyand Metabolism of Alkaloids,Phenolics and Terpenes
With 1569 Figures and 307 Tables
Editors-in-Chief:Kishan Gopal RamawatBotany Department, M.L. Sukhadia UniversityUdaipur 313001India
Jean-Michel MerillonBiological-Active Plant Substances Study GroupUniversity of BordeauxInstitute of Vine and Wine SciencesVillenave d’OrnonFrance
ISBN 978-3-642-22143-9 ISBN 978-3-642-22144-6 (eBook)ISBN 978-3-642-22145-3 (Print and electronic bundle)DOI 10.1007/ 978-3-642-22144-6Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London
Library of Congress Control Number: 2013934974
# Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
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Preface
We are pleased to present a five volume treatise on “Natural products:
phytochemistry, botany and metabolism”. Natural products are as diverse as plant
biodiversity and it was a herculean task to bring together several hundred leading
scientists distributed all over the world to contribute in this project.
This five volumes work on Natural Products is reference work providing
state-of-the-art knowledge composed by highly renowned scientists in their field.
The book is intended to serve the needs of graduate students, Ph.D. scholars,
researchers in the field of phytochemistry, botany, agricultural sciences, pharmacy,
nutrition, biotechnology and, industrial scientists and those involved in marketing
phytochemicals, plants and their extracts. The present reference work will
encompass the information about well established phytochemicals, biology and
biotechnology of medicinal plants or their products, their biosynthesis, novel
production strategies, demand and uses, metabolism and bioavailability. This
book is a work of tertiary literature containing digested knowledge in an easily
accessible format.
Use of medicinal plants is as old as human civilization and continuous efforts are
being made to explore new and old medicinal plants for novel bioactive molecules
or to produce these products in high amounts through modern technologies. About
200,000 natural products of plant origin are known and many more are being
identified from higher plants and micro-organisms. Some plants based drugs are
used since centuries and there are not many alternatives for some natural drugs as
cardiac glycosides or morphine. Various facets of bioactive molecules have
developed very rapidly in the last two decades particularly due to newer tools of
isolation and identification as well as refined molecular techniques to establish the
biological properties of isolated molecules. This endeavour is to timely compile this
vast data generated in recent past. This is well reflected in 139 chapters running in
over 4000 pages of text and vast literature cited in each chapter. The readers will
find comprehensive information on almost all bioactive molecules. While planning
this book our endeavour was to incorporate articles that cover the entire gamut of
bioactive molecules of all the three major classes, viz., alkaloids, phenolics and
terpenes. Each volume is further divided into sections such as General Biology and
Biotechnology; Classes - Occurrence, Biosynthesis, Structure and Chemistry,
v
Distribution; Methods of Analysis; (para) Pharmacology and Bioavailability; and
Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods (in phenolics).
Some examples are sufficient to illustrate the spectrum of chapters in different
sections such as: on alkaloids (Biotechnology and genetic engineering for alkaloid
production, various classes of alkaloids e.g., Purine alkaloids, Ergot alkaloids,
Terpenoid indole alkaloids, Pharmacological effects of ephedrine, Lycopodium
alkaloids, Biological activities of pepper alkaloids, Neurotoxic alkaloids from
cyanobacteria, Prevention of brain disorders by nicotine, Opioids and pain
treatment, Ecological roles of alkaloids); on phenolics (Genetics of flavonoids,
Functional foods: Genetics, metabolome and engineering, phytonutrient levels,
Cocoa cultivation, directed breeding and polyphenolics, classes of phenolics,
Polyphenols and anticancer activity, Tannins and anthocyanins of wine:
phytochemistry and organoleptic properties, Polyphenols and beer quality, Wine
polyphenols and vascular protective effects, Isoflavonoids and phytoestrogenic
activity, Functional grapes, Potential neuroprotective actions of dietary flavonoids,
Prospects of functional foods / nutraceuticals and markets), and on terpenes (Ter-
penes: Chemistry, biological role and therapeutic applications, Biotransformation
of terpenoids and steroids, Production and genetic engineering of terpenoids pro-
duction in plant cell cultures and organ cultures, Taxol-producing fungi, Metabolic
engineering of isoprenoids biosynthesis, classes of terpenes, Cannabinoids: Chem-
istry and Medicine, Phytosterols: Beneficial effects, Ginsenosides: Biological
activities, Ginkgolides and neuroprotective effects, Quassinoids: Anti-cancer and
antimalarial activities, Phytoecdysteroids: phytochemistry and pharmacological
activity, Brassinosteroids and their biological activity, and so on).
These compounds exhibit various ecological functions, provide protection
against attack by herbivores and microbes, and serve as attractants for pollinators
and seed-dispersing agents. Natural products are explored as sources of drugs,
flavouring agents, fragrances and for a wide range of therapies. Rapid progress
has been made in recent years in understanding natural product accumulation and
synthesis, and regulation and functions. It is timely to bring this information
together with contemporary advances in chemistry, plant biology, ecology, and
pharmacology and metabolism of natural products in the form of a comprehensive
treatise on natural products.
Because of the voluminous work for the treatise, this project was spread over
almost two years, from concept to print. We would like to acknowledge
cooperation, patient and support of our contributors who have put their serious
efforts to ensure the high scientific quality of this book with up to date information.
This work could not be completed without active support of Springer team who
took pains in streamlining the production process. We are particularly indebt to
Drs. Marion Hertel, Lydia Muller, Sylvia Blago and Simone Giesler for their
continuous support from very inception of the project.
March 2013 K. G. Ramawat
J.-M. Merillon
vi Preface
About the Editors
Professor (Dr.) K. G. Ramawat, Former Professor & Head Botany Department,
M.L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India
Professor K. G. Ramawat did his Ph.D. (1978, Plant Biotechnology) from the
University of Jodhpur, India and joined as faculty member in January 1979.
He joined M.L.Sukhadia University as Associate Professor in 1991 and became
Professor in 2001. He served as Head, Department of Botany (2001-2004,
2010-2012), In charge, Department of Biotechnology (2003-2004), member task
force on medicinal and aromatic plants, Department of Biotechnology, Government
of India, New Delhi (2002-2005) and co-ordinator UGC-DRS and DST-FIST
programmes (2002-2012). He did his Post-doctoral at the University of Tours,
France (1983-85) and subsequently worked as visiting professor at University of
Tours (1991) and University of Bordeaux2, France (1995, 1999, 2003, 2006, 2010).
He visited Poland under INSA-PAN academic exchange programme (2005).
During last 38 years of his career, he has published more than 170 peer reviewed
papers and articles. He has edited books on Biotechnology of medicinal plants,
secondary metabolites, Bioactive molecules, Herbal drugs, Plant defence:
biological control, Desert plants; published by Science Publishers Inc, Enfield,
USA and Springer Verlag, Germany. His research on recalcitrant woody legume
trees of desert (Prosopis, Zizyphus, Commiphora), production of useful metabolites
vii
from woody plants (Comiphora, Pueraria) was funded by UGC, CSIR, ICAR, DBTand DST, New Delhi. Works related to use of novel growth modulators and elicitors
on the production of guggulsterones, stibenes and isoflvonoids are well cited.
He has supervised doctoral thesis of 25 students. He is member of several academic
bodies, associations and editorial boards of journals.
Professeur Jean-Michel Merillon, Directeur de l’EA 3675 (Groupe d’Etude des
Substances Vegetales a Activite Biologique + Polyphenols Biotech), Faculte de
Pharmacie, Universite de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin,
Villenave d’Ornon, France
Professor J.M. Merillon received his M.Pharma. (1979) and Ph.D. (1984) from the
University of Tours in France. He joined the University of Tours as assistant professor
in 1981, became associate professor in 1987, and a full professor in 1993 at the faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Bordeaux, France. He is currently group leader of a “study
group on biologically active plant substances” at the Institute of Vine and Wine
Sciences, which comprises 25 scientists and research students. His group has worked
for many years on phenolic compounds from vine and wine, mainly complex
stilbenes and their involvement in health. He has supervised the doctoral theses of
18 students. He has published more than 125 research papers in internationally
recognized journals. He has an H index of 29 according to the analysis of documents
published between 1996 and 2013. He has co-edited four books on secondary metab-
olites and biotechnology (Science Publishers, USA; Springer, Germany). He is
involved in developing teaching on plant biology, natural bioactive compounds and
biotechnology. He has traveled widely as a senior professor. Scientists from several
countries are working in his laboratory and his research is supported by funding from
the Aquitaine Regional Government, the Ministry of Higher Education and Research,
and various private companies. He founded a technology transfer unit in 2004,
Polyphenols Biotech, providing support for R&D programs for SMEs and major
groups from the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, agricultural and health-nutrition sectors.
viii About the Editors
Contents
Volume 1
Part I Alkaloids: General Biology and Biotechnology . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1 Microbial Production of Plant Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids . . . 3
Eitaro Matsumura, Motoki Matsuda, Fumihiko Sato, and
Hiromichi Minami
2 Alkaloids of Marine Macroalgae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Kasım Cemal G€uven, Burak Coban, Ekrem Sezik,
H€useyin Erdugan, and Ferda Kaleagasıoglu
3 Neurotoxic Alkaloids from Cyanobacteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Ralf Kellmann, Olivier Ploux, and Brett A. Neilan
4 Bioproduction of Terpenoid Indole Alkaloids from Catharanthusroseus Cell Cultures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Lorena Almagro, Mariana Sottomayor, and Maria Angeles Pedreno
5 Bioactive Alkaloids from South American Psychotria and RelatedRubiaceae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Helio Nitta Matsuura, Diogo Denardi Porto, and Arthur Germano
Fett-Neto
6 Ecological Role of Alkaloids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Shaily Goyal
7 Plant In Vitro Systems as Sources of Tropane Alkaloids . . . . . . 173
Vasil Georgiev, Andrey Marchev, Strahil Berkov, and
Atanas Pavlov
8 Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering forAlkaloid Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Smita Srivastava and Ashok Kumar Srivastava
9 Marine Pyrroloiminoquinone Alkaloids, Makaluvamines andDiscorhabdins, and Marine Pyrrole-Imidazole Alkaloids . . . . . . 251
Hiromichi Fujioka and Yasuyuki Kita
ix
10 Internet Natural Product Trade, Business, and Risk ofDamaged and/or Contaminated Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
Maria Laura Colombo, Maria Teresa Pinorini, and
Ario Conti
Part II Alkaloids: Classes - Occurrence, Biosynthesis,Structure and Chemistry, Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
11 Alkaloids Derived from Lysine: Piperidine Alkaloids . . . . . . . . . 303
Eva Szoke, Eva Lemberkovics, and Laszlo Kursinszki
12 Alkaloids Derived from Ornithine: Tropane Alkaloids . . . . . . . . 343
Stefan Philipov and Tsvetelina Doncheva
13 Alkaloids Derived From Ornithine: Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids . . . . 359
Helmut Wiedenfeld
14 Alkaloids Derived from Lysine: Quinolizidine (a Focus onLupin Alkaloids) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
Giovanna Boschin and Donatella Resta
15 Alkaloids Derived from Tyrosine: ModifiedBenzyltetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
Feroz Khan, Tabish Qidwai, Rakesh K. Shukla, and Vikrant Gupta
16 Alkaloids Derived from Tyrosine: Penethylisoquinoline(Autumnaline, Colchicine) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461
Pijush Paul, Mihir Halder, and Sumita Jha
17 Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479
Zhong Jin and Xiao-Hua Xu
18 Bioactive Alkaloids from Fungi: Psilocybin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523
Zafar Alam Mahmood
19 Alkaloids Derived from Tryptophan: Harmine and RelatedAlkaloids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553
T. D. Nikam, K. M. Nitnaware, and M. L. Ahire
20 Alkaloids Derived from Tryptophan: TerpenoidIndole Alkaloids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575
Shilpa Ramani, Nandadevi Patil, Suhas Nimbalkar, and
Chelliah Jayabaskaran
21 Chemistry and Biology of Cinchona Alkaloids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605
Karol Michał Kacprzak
22 Chemistry and Biology of Camptothecin and itsDerivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643
Karol Michał Kacprzak
x Contents
23 Alkaloids Derived from Tryptophan: A Focus onErgot Alkaloids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683
Peter Mai and Shu-Ming Li
24 Alkaloids Derived from Anthranilic Acid: Quinoline,Acridone, and Quinazoline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715
Maria Fatima das Gracas Fernandes da Silva, Joao Batista
Fernandes, Moacir Rossi Forim, Paulo Cezar Vieira, and
Israel Cıvico Gil de Sa
25 Alkaloids Derived from Histidine: Imidazole(Pilocarpine, Pilosine) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 861
Ana Paula Santos and Paulo Roberto H. Moreno
26 Alkaloids Derived by Amination Reaction:Acetate-Derived (Coniine) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 883
Rumen Binev
27 Ephedra Alkaloids-Alkaloids Derived by Amination Reaction:Phenylalanine Derived . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 909
Ali Parsaeimehr and Elmira Sargsyan
28 Terpenoid Alkaloids Derived by Amination Reaction . . . . . . . . . 923
Krishna Prasad Devkota and Norbert Sewald
29 Purine Alkaloids, Cytokinins, and Purine-Like NeurotoxinAlkaloids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 953
Hiroshi Ashihara, Takao Yokota, and Alan Crozier
30 Aziridine Alkaloids: Origin, Chemistry and Activity . . . . . . . . . 977
Valery M. Dembitsky, Alexander O. Terent’ev, and
Dmitri O. Levitsky
Volume 2
Part III Alkaloids: Methods of Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1007
31 Methods of Analysis: Tropane Alkaloids fromPlant Origin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1009
Philippe Christen, Stefan Bieri, and Strahil Berkov
32 Methods for Analysis of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1049
Colin Crews
33 Methods of Analysis of Opium Alkaloids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1069
Carmen Cruces-Blanco, Diego Airado-Rodrıguez, and
Ana M. Garcıa-Campana
Contents xi
34 Analysis of Catharanthus Alkaloids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1121
Qinhua Chen and Zilin Chen
35 Methods for Analysis of Ergot Alkaloids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1133
Colin Crews
36 Analysis of Alkaloids by Capillary Electrophoresis . . . . . . . . . . . 1153
Roberto Gotti
Part IV Alkaloids: Pharmacology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1201
37 Pharmacology of Macroalgae Alkaloids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1203
Ferda Kaleagasıoglu, Kasım Cemal G€uven, Ekrem Sezik,
H€useyin Erdugan, and Burak Coban
38 Pharmacological Effects of Ephedrine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1217
Renata Pereira Limberger, Ana Laura Bemvenuti Jacques,
Gabriela Cristina Schmitt, and Marcelo Dutra Arbo
39 Lycopodium Alkaloids: Pharmacology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1239
Elın Soffıa Olafsdottir, Elsa S. Halldorsdottir, N. M. Pich, and
S. Omarsdottir
40 Scope of Alkaloids in Antileishmanial Drug Discoveryand Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1263
Bhuwan B. Mishra, Navneet Kishore, Rakesh K. Singh, and
Vinod Kumar Tiwari
41 Pharmacological/Biological Effects of Berberine . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1301
Eva M. Galvez, M. Perez, P. Domingo, D. Nunez, V. L. Cebolla,
M. Matt, and J. Pardo
42 Alkaloids and Drug Discovery for NeurodegenerativeDiseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1331
Melanie-Jayne R. Howes
43 Opioids and Pain Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1367
Daniel Krashin, Andrea Trescot, and Natalia Murinova
44 Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid-Induced Toxicity to the Liver . . . . . . . . . 1383
Manuela G. Neuman
45 Biological Activities of Pepper Alkaloids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1397
Krishnapura Srinivasan
46 Antiangiogenic Alkaloids from Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1439
Flavia Cristine Mascia Lopes, Luis Octavio Regasini,
Manuel Nuno de Magalhaes Pinheiro Alcada, and Raquel Soares
47 Prevention of Brain Disorders by Nicotine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1469
Karim Alkadhi, Samina Salim, and Karem Alzoubi
xii Contents
48 Aconitum Alkaloids and Biological Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1503
Ainura Chodoeva, Jean-Jacques Bosc, and Jacques Robert
49 Alkaloids and Inhibitory Effects Against Enzymes Linked toNeurodegenerative Diseases (Physostigmine, Galanthamine,Huperzine, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1525
Ilkay Erdogan Orhan and F. Sezer Senol
Part V Phenolics: General Biology and Biotechnology . . . . . . . . . 1541
50 Phenolic Compounds: Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1543
Vincenzo Lattanzio
51 Metabolic Engineering for Functional Foods: TomatoFruits and Stilbenes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1581
Giovanna Giovinazzo, Ilaria Ingrosso, Marco Taurino, and
Angelo Santino
52 Cocoa Cultivation, Directed Breeding and Polyphenolics . . . . . . 1599
Reinhard Lieberei, Daniel Kadow, and David Seigler
53 Genetics of Flavonoids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1617
Ramesh Prasad Pandey and Jae Kyung Sohng
54 Isoflavonoid Production by Genetically EngineeredMicroorganisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1647
Brady F. Cress, Robert J. Linhardt, and Mattheos A. G. Koffas
55 Bioproduction of trans-Resveratrol from GrapevineCell Cultures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1683
Lorena Almagro, Sarai Belchı-Navarro, Ana Belen Sabater-Jara,
Juan Carlos Vera-Urbina, Susana Selles-Marchart,
Roque Bru, and Marıa Angeles Pedreno
56 Functional Foods: Genetics, Metabolome, and EngineeringPhytonutrient Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1715
Tahira Fatima, Avtar K. Handa, and Autar K. Mattoo
Volume 3
Part VI Phenolics: Classes - Occurrence, Biosynthesis,Structure and Chemistry, Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1751
57 Flavanols: Catechins and Proanthocyanidins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1753
Joana Oliveira, Nuno Mateus, and Victor de Freitas
58 Anthocyanins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1803
Sonia de Pascual-Teresa, Maria Teresa Sanchez-Ballesta, and
Cristina Garcıa-Viguera
Contents xiii
59 Flavones and Flavonols: Phytochemistry andBiochemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1821
Qiang Zhang, Xinhuai Zhao, and Hongbin Qiu
60 Isoflavonoids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1849
Varsha Sharma and Kishan G. Ramawat
61 Minor Flavonoids (Chalcones, Flavanones, Dihydrochalcones,and Aurones) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1867
Masayuki Ninomiya and Mamoru Koketsu
62 Stilbenoids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1901
Tao Shen, Chun-Feng Xie, Xiao-Ning Wang, and
Hong-Xiang Lou
63 Phenolic Acids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1951
Marta Goleniowski, Mercedes Bonfill, Rosa Cusido, and
Javier Palazon
64 Hydrolyzable Tannins: Gallotannins and Ellagitannins . . . . . . . 1975
Michael Jourdes, Laurent Pouysegu, Denis Deffieux,
Pierre-Louis Teissedre, and Stephane Quideau
Part VII Phenolics: Methods of Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2011
65 Preparative Extraction and Separation ofPhenolic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2013
Winny Routray and Valerie Orsat
66 Mass Spectrometric Detection of Phenolic Acids . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2047
Santi M. Mandal and Dipjyoti Chakraborty
67 Analytical Methods of Phenolic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2061
Ioana Ignat, Irina Volf, and Valentin I. Popa
68 Phenolic Compounds in Catharanthus roseus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2093
David M. Pereira, Patrıcia Valentao, Mariana Sottomayor,
Federico Ferreres, and Paula B. Andrade
69 Flavonoids by HPLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2107
S. W. Annie Bligh, Olumuyiwa Ogegbo, and Zheng-Tao Wang
70 Polyphenol Purification by Solid Support-Free Liquid–LiquidChromatography (CCC, CPC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2145
Jane Hubert, Karen Ple, Mahmoud Hamzaoui, and
Jean-Hugues Renault
Part VIII Phenolics: Biological Activity and Bioavailability . . . . . . 2173
71 Cellular, Molecular, and Biological Perspective of Polyphenolsin Chemoprevention and Therapeutic Adjunct in Cancer . . . . . 2175
Sanjeev Banerjee and Paulraj Rajamani
xiv Contents
72 Tannins and Anthocyanins of Wine: Phytochemistry andOrganoleptic Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2255
Pierre-Louis Teissedre and Michael Jourdes
73 Grapevine Stilbenoids: Bioavailability andNeuroprotection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2275
Pierre Waffo-Teguo, Stephanie Krisa, Alison D. Pawlus,
Tristan Richard, Jean-Pierre Monti, and Jean-Michel Merillon
74 Proanthocyanidins of Cocoa: Bioavailability andBiological Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2311
Manuel Rusconi, Maria Teresa Pinorini, and Ario Conti
75 Polyphenols and Beer Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2333
Sonia Collin, Vesna Jerkovic, M. Br€ohan, and D. Callemien
76 Wine Polyphenols and Vascular Protective Effects . . . . . . . . . . . 2361
Cyril Auger and Valerie B. Schini-Kerth
77 Isoflavonoids and Phytoestrogenic Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2381
Catherine Bennetau-Pelissero
78 Phenolics in Human Nutrition: Importance of the IntestinalMicrobiome for Isoflavone and Lignan Bioavailability . . . . . . . . 2433
Thomas Clavel and Job O. Mapesa
79 Bioavailability of Anthocyanins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2465
Ana Faria, Iva Fernandes, Nuno Mateus, and Conceicao Calhau
Volume 4
Part IX Phenolics: Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods . . . . . . . . 2489
80 Prospects of Functional Foods/Nutraceuticals andMarkets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2491
Josep Valls, Nacho Pasamontes, Albert Pantaleon,
Susana Vinaixa, Montse Vaque, Arantza Soler,
Silvia Millan, and Xavier Gomez
81 Food Sources of Phenolics Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2527
Wende Li and Trust Beta
82 Nutraceuticals and Antioxidants in Prevention of Diseases . . . . . 2559
Neelam Jain and Kishan G. Ramawat
83 Functional Grapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2581
Maria Isabel Fernandez-Marın, Raul F. Guerrero, Belen Puertas,
Marıa Carmen Garcıa-Parrilla, and Emma Cantos-Villar
Contents xv
84 Potential Neuroprotective Actions of Dietary Flavonoids . . . . . . 2617
David Vauzour, Marcus Rattray, Robert J. Williams, and
Jeremy P. E. Spencer
85 Improvement of Nutraceutical Value of Food byPlant Symbionts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2641
Manuela Giovannetti, Luciano Avio, and Cristiana Sbrana
Part X Terpenes: General Biology and Biotechnology . . . . . . . . . 2663
86 Terpenes: Chemistry, Biological Role, and TherapeuticApplications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2665
Priyanka P. Brahmkshatriya and Pathik S. Brahmkshatriya
87 Biosynthesis of Terpenoids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2693
Nelson L. Brock and Jeroen S. Dickschat
88 Biotransformation of Terpenoids and Steroids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2733
Wang-Yu Tong
89 Production and Genetic Engineering of Terpenoids Productionin Plant Cell and Organ Cultures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2761
Mercedes Bonfill, Sonia Malik, M. Hossein Mirjalili,
Marta Goleniowski, Rosa Cusido, and Javier Palazon
90 Taxol Producing Fungi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2797
Xiaoran Hao, Jiao Pan, and Xudong Zhu
91 Metabolic Engineering of Isoprenoid Biosynthesis . . . . . . . . . . . 2813
Anne Pribat, Lisa Boureau, Anne Mortain-Bertrand,
Linda S. Bert, Dominique Rolin, Emeline Teyssier, and
Philippe Gallusci
92 Selection of Tomato Rich in Nutritional Terpenes . . . . . . . . . . . . 2853
Jaime Cebolla-Cornejo, Salvador Rosello, and Fernando Nuez
93 Volatile Oils from Marine Macroalgae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2883
Kasım Cemal G€uven, Ekrem Sezik, Ferda Kaleagasıoglu,
H€useyin Erdugan, Burak Coban, and Elif Karakas
94 Ecological Functions of Terpenoids in Changing Climates . . . . . 2913
Jarmo K. Holopainen, Sari J. Himanen, J. S. Yuan, F. Chen, and
C. Neal Stewart Jr.
95 Hairy Root Culture: An Alternative Terpenoid ExpressionPlatform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2941
Jocelyne Tremouillaux-Guiller
xvi Contents
Part XI Terpenes: Classes - Occurrence, Biosynthesis, Structureand Chemistry, Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2971
96 Regular Monoterpenes and Sesquiterpenes(Essential Oils) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2973
Remigius Chizzola
97 Monoterpenes: Iridoids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3009
Biswanath Dinda and Sudhan Debnath
98 Guaianolide Sesquiterpenoids: Pharmacologyand Biosynthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3069
Henrik Toft Simonsen, Corinna Weitzel, and Søren Brøgger
Christensen
99 Biosynthesis and Production of Artemisinin: A Novel Classof Molecule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3099
Athar Ali, Mather Ali Khan, and Mailk Zainul Abdin
100 Nivalenol (Fungal Sesquiterpenes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3123
Yoshiko Sugita-Konishi and Makoto Kimura
101 Taxol and Related Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3159
Hojjat Sadeghi-aliabadi and Afsaneh Yegdaneh
102 Diterpenes for Therapeutic Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3173
Virginia Lanzotti
103 Diterpene Sweeteners (Steviosides) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3193
Akula Ramakrishna and Gokare Aswathanarayana Ravishankar
104 Triterpenoid Saponins: A Focus on Polygalaceae . . . . . . . . . . . . 3205
Marie-Aleth Lacaille-Dubois, Clement Delaude, and Anne-Claire
Mitaine-Offer
105 Plant Steroidal Saponins: A Focus on Open-ChainGlycosides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3225
Victoria L. Challinor and James J. De Voss
106 Tetraterpenes: Carotenoids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3251
Shinichi Takaichi
Volume 5
Part XII Terpenes: Methods of Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3285
107 Essential Oils: Analytical Methods to Control the Qualityof Perfumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3287
Alberto Chisvert, Marina Lopez-Nogueroles, and
Amparo Salvador
Contents xvii
108 Methods for Analysis of Triterpenoid Saponins . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3311
Jinlan Zhang and Feng Qu
109 Methods of Isolation and Analysis of Forskolin fromColeus forskohlii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3325
Mohamed Saleem A.
110 Quassinoids: Chemistry and Novel Detection Techniques . . . . . . 3345
Dipjyoti Chakraborty and Amita Pal
111 Methods for Extraction and Analysis of Carotenoids . . . . . . . . . 3367
Siti Machmudah and Motonobu Goto
Part XIII Terpenes: Pharmacology and Bioavailability . . . . . . . . . 3413
112 Cannabinoids: Chemistry and Medicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3415
Giovanni Appendino and Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati
113 Phytosterols: Beneficial Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3437
Jonathan Santas, Rafael Codony, and Magda Rafecas
114 Withanolides: Chemistry and Antitumor Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . 3465
M. Iqbal Choudhary, Sammer Yousuf, and Atta-ur-Rahman
115 Pharmacology of Ginsenosides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3497
Kar Wah Leung
116 Sesquiterpenes and Cytotoxicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3515
Ajay Sharma, Vivek K. Bajpai, and Shruti Shukla
117 Tanshinones Against Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseasesand their Biosynthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3551
Lixin Zhang and Xueting Liu
118 Strigolactones and Biological Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3583
Koichi Yoneyama, Xiaonan Xie, and Kaori Yoneyama
119 Biological Activity of Oleuropein and its Derivatives . . . . . . . . . 3605
Stefania Bulotta, Manuela Oliverio, Diego Russo, and
Antonio Procopio
120 Bacosides and Neuroprotection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3639
Sukanya Majumdar, Amrita Basu, Pijush Paul, Mihir Halder, and
Sumita Jha
121 Garlic and Cardiovascular Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3661
Syed Haris Omar
122 Ginkgolides and Neuroprotective Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3697
Syed Haris Omar
xviii Contents
123 Cardiac Glycosides and Anticancer Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3743
Yuan Lin, Dapeng Chen, Li Wang, and Dongmei Ye
124 Terpenes and Improvement of Transdermal Drug Delivery . . . . 3757
Lifeng Kang, Vaddi Haranath Kumar, Perry Fung Chye Lim,
Han Hui Cheong, and Sui Yung Chan
125 Quassinoids: Anticancer and Antimalarial Activities . . . . . . . . . 3775
Emeline Houel, Didier Stien, Genevieve Bourdy, and
Eric Deharo
126 Glycyrrhizic Acid: Biological Effects on Glucose andLipid Metabolism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3803
So Ha Ton, Chanchal Chandramouli, and Khalid BAK
127 Phytoecdysteroids: Phytochemistry and PharmacologicalActivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3827
Gert Laekeman and Arnold Vlietinck
128 Brassinosteroids and their Biological Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3851
Jana Oklest0kova, Lucie Rarova, and Miroslav Strnad
Part XIV Terpenes: Parapharmaceutical Uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3873
129 Lycopene in Cancer Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3875
Kazim Sahin and Omer Kucuk
130 Xanthophylls and the Eye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3923
Hannah E. Bartlett
131 Triterpenoid Centellosides: Bioactivities and Uses inHealthcare Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3959
Puziah Hashim
132 Essential Oils as Antimicrobial Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3975
Vivek K. Bajpai, Shruti Shukla, and Ajay Sharma
133 Menthol: Biological Effects and Toxicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3989
Demetrius A. M. Araujo, Darizy F. Silva, Humberto C. Joca,
Jose H. Leal-Cardoso, and Jader S. Cruz
134 Eugenol as Local Anesthetic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4001
Gehoon Chung and Seog Bae Oh
135 Carotenoids as Colorants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4017
Bernardo Dias Ribeiro and Raquel Grando de Oliveira
136 Oleoresins from Pine: Production and Industrial Uses . . . . . . . . 4037
Kelly Cristine da Silva Rodrigues-Correa, Julio Cesar de
Lima, and Arthur Germano Fett-Neto
Contents xix
137 Pyrethrins and Synthetic Pyrethroids: Use inVeterinary Medicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4061
Arturo Anadon, Irma Ares, Marıa Aranzazu Martınez, and
Marıa Rosa Martınez-Larranaga
138 Essential Oils in Insect Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4087
Catherine Regnault-Roger
139 Biological Activities of Selected Mono- and Sesquiterpenes:Possible Uses in Medicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4109
Gerhard Buchbauer and Anja Ilic
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4161
xx Contents
List of Contributors
Mailk Zainul Abdin Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Centre
for Transgenic Plant Development, Jamia Handard University, New Delhi, India
M. L. Ahire Department of Botany, University of Pune, Pune, MS, India
Diego Airado-Rodrıguez Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of
Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
Manuel Nuno de Magalhaes Pinheiro Alcada Department of Biochemistry
(U38/FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Athar Ali Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Centre for Trans-
genic Plant Development, Jamia Handard University, New Delhi, India
Karim Alkadhi Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
University of Houston, College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, USA
Lorena Almagro Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of
Murcia, Murcia, Spain
Karem Alzoubi Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan
University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
Arturo Anadon Departamento de Toxicologıa y Farmacologıa, Facultad de
Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Paula B. Andrade REQUIMTE/Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Departamento de
Quımica, Faculdade de Farmacia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Maria Angeles Pedreno Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology,
University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
Giovanni Appendino Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Alimentari,
Farmaceutiche e Farmacologiche, Universita del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
Demetrius A. M. Araujo Departamento de Biotecnologia, Centro de
Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraıba, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
Marcelo Dutra Arbo REQUIMTE, Laboratorio de Toxicologia, Departamento de
Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
xxi
Irma Ares Departamento de Toxicologıa y Farmacologıa, Facultad de
Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Hiroshi Ashihara Department of Biological Sciences, Ochanomizu University,
Tokyo, Japan
Cyril Auger UMR CNRS 7213 – Laboratoire de Biophotonique et
Pharmacologie, Faculte de Pharmacie, Universite de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
Luciano Avio Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, CNR, Pisa,
Italy
Vivek K. Bajpai Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, School of Biotech-
nology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Korea
Khalid BAK School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University
Sunway Campus Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Sanjeev Banerjee Department of Pathology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer
Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
Hannah E. Bartlett Ophthalmic Research Group, School of Life and Health
Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
Amrita Basu Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
Sarai Belchı-Navarro Department of Plant Biology, University of Murcia,
Murcia, Spain
Catherine Bennetau-Pelissero Physiopathologie de la plasticite neuronale, U862,
Universite de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
Strahil Berkov AgroBioInstitute, Sofia, Bulgaria
Linda S. Bert Universite de Bordeaux 1, INRA, UMR 1332 de Biologie du Fruit
et Pathologie, Villenave d’Ornon, France
Trust Beta Department of Food Science and Richardson Centre for Functional
Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Stefan Bieri Official Food and Veterinary Control Authority of Geneva, Geneva,
Switzerland
Rumen Binev Tracia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
S. W. Annie Bligh Institute for Health Research and Policy, London Metropolitan
University, London, UK
Mercedes Bonfill Laboratori de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmacia,
Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Jean-Jacques Bosc INSERM U916, Institut Bergonie, Universite Bordeaux
Segalen, Bordeaux, France
xxii List of Contributors
Giovanna Boschin Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universita degli
Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
Genevieve Bourdy UMR 152 (Laboratoire Pharmadev), Institut de Recherche
pour le Developpement (IRD), Universite de Toulouse (UPS), Toulouse, France
Lisa Boureau Universite de Bordeaux 1, UMR 1332 de Biologie du Fruit et
Pathologie, Villenave d’Ornon, France
Pathik S. Brahmkshatriya Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, v.v.
i. and Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Center, Academy of Sciences of the
Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
Priyanka P. Brahmkshatriya Department of Pharmacology, L. J. Institute of
Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
M. Br€ohan Unite de Brasserie et des Industries Alimentaires, Earth and Life
Institute, Universite catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Nelson L. Brock Institut f€ur Organische Chemie, Technische Universit€at Braun-schweig, Braunschweig, Germany
Roque Bru Department of Agrochemistry and Biochemistry, University of
Alicante, Campus Universitario de San Vicente de Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
Gerhard Buchbauer Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, Center
of Pharmacy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Stefania Bulotta Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of
Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
Conceicao Calhau Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), University of Porto,
Porto, Portugal
D. Callemien Unite de Brasserie et des Industries Alimentaires, Earth and Life
Institute, Universite catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Emma Cantos-Villar Instituto de Investigacion y Formacion Agraria y Pesquera
(IFAPA), Rancho de la Merced, Junta de Andalucıa, Jerez de la Frontera, Cadiz,
Spain
V. L. Cebolla Instituto de Carboquımica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Cientıficas (CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
Jaime Cebolla-Cornejo Instituto Universitario de Conservacion y Mejora de
la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universitat Politecnica de Valencia,
Valencia, Spain
Dipjyoti Chakraborty Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali
Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
List of Contributors xxiii
Victoria L. Challinor School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The
University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
Sui Yung Chan Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore,
Singapore, Republic of Singapore
Chanchal Chandramouli School of Science, Monash University Sunway
Campus Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Qinhua Chen Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discov-
ery, Ministry of Education, Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Screen-
ing, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, China
Zilin Chen Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery,
Ministry of Education, Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Screening,
Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, China
Dapeng Chen Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian,
China
F. Chen Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville,
TN, USA
Han Hui Cheong Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore,
Republic of Singapore
Alberto Chisvert Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia,
Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
Remigius Chizzola Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compunds,
University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Ainura Chodoeva INSERM U916, Institut Bergonie, Universite Bordeaux
Segalen, Bordeaux, France
M. Iqbal Choudhary H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center
for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University,
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Philippe Christen School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EPGL, University of
Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
Søren Brøgger Christensen Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, The
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Gehoon Chung National Research Laboratory for Pain, Dental Research Institute
and Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul
National University, Seoul, Korea
xxiv List of Contributors
Thomas Clavel Biofunctionality Unit – Junior Research Group Intestinal
Microbiome, ZIEL – Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, TU
M€unchen, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
Burak Coban Department of Chemistry, Zonguldak Karaelmas University,
Zonguldak, Turkey
Rafael Codony Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy,
University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Sonia Collin Unite de Brasserie et des Industries Alimentaires, Earth and Life
Institute, Universite catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Maria Laura Colombo Department of Drug Science and Technology, School of
Pharmacy, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
Ario Conti Alpine Institute of Chemistry and Toxicology, Center of Competence,
Alpine Foundation for Life Sciences, Olivone, Switzerland
Brady F. Cress Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for
Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute,
Troy, NY, USA
Colin Crews Food and Environment Research Agency (FERA), Sand Hutton,
York, UK
Alan Crozier School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life
Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
Carmen Cruces-Blanco Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of
Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
Jader S. Cruz Departamento de Bioquımica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias
Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Rosa Cusido Laboratori de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat
de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Sudhan Debnath Department of Chemistry, MBB College, Agartala, Tripura, India
Denis Deffieux Institut des Sciences Moleculaires (CNRS-UMR 5255) and Institut
Europeen de Chimie et Biologie, Universite de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
Eric Deharo UMR 152 (Laboratoire Pharmadev), Institut de Recherche pour le
Developpement (IRD), Universite de Toulouse (UPS), Toulouse, France
Clement Delaude Centre de Recherche Phytochimique, Universite de Liege,
Institut de Chimie, Liege, Belgium
Valery M. Dembitsky N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian
Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
List of Contributors xxv
Krishna Prasad Devkota Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer
Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick,
MD, USA
Bernardo Dias Ribeiro Biochemical Engineering Department, Federal Univer-
sity of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Jeroen S. Dickschat Institut f€ur Organische Chemie, Technische Universit€atBraunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
Biswanath Dinda Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar,
Tripura, India
P. Domingo Instituto de Carboquımica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Cientıficas (CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
Tsvetelina Doncheva Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Institute
of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of
Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
H€useyin Erdugan Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, 18 Mart Univer-
sity, Canakkale, Turkey
Ana Faria Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chemistry Investigation
Centre (CIQ), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Tahira Fatima Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, USDA–ARS,
Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Building, Univer-
sity of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
Iva Fernandes Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chemistry Investiga-
tion Centre (CIQ), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Joao Batista Fernandes Departamento de Quımica, Universidade Federal de Sao
Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
Maria Isabel Fernandez-Marın Instituto de Investigacion y Formacion Agraria y
Pesquera (IFAPA), Rancho de la Merced, Junta de Andalucıa, Jerez de la Frontera,
Cadiz, Spain
Federico Ferreres Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant
Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), Espinardo
(Murcia), Spain
Arthur Germano Fett-Neto Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnol-
ogy and Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS),
Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
xxvi List of Contributors
Moacir Rossi Forim Departamento de Quımica, Universidade Federal de Sao
Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
Victor de Freitas Departamento de Quımica, Faculdade de Ciencias, Centro de
Investigacao em Quımica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Hiromichi Fujioka Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka Univer-
sity, Osaka, Japan
Philippe Gallusci Universite de Bordeaux 1, INRA, UMR 1332 de Biologie du
Fruit et Pathologie, Universite de Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
Eva M. Galvez Instituto de Carboquımica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Cientıficas (CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
Ana M. Garcıa-Campana Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of
Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
Marıa Carmen Garcıa-Parrilla Area de Nutricion y Bromatologıa, Facultad de
Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
Cristina Garcıa-Viguera Department of Food Science and Technology, Centro
de Edafologıa y Biologıa Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS), CSIC, Murcia, Spain
Vasil Georgiev Laboratory of Applied Biotechnologies, Department of Applied
Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian
Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Manuela Giovannetti Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment,
University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Giovanna Giovinazzo Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari-CNR,
Lecce, Italy
Marta Goleniowski CEPROCOR Science and Technology Ministery, Cordoba,
Argentina
Xavier Gomez Shirota Functional Foods SL, Reus, Spain
Motonobu Goto Department of Chemical Engineering, Nagoya University,
Nagoya, Japan
Roberto Gotti Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bologna,
Bologna, Italy
Shaily Goyal Laboratory of Bio-Molecular Technology, Department of Botany,
M. L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India
Raquel Grando de Oliveira Biochemical Engineering Department, Federal
University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
List of Contributors xxvii
Raul F. Guerrero Instituto de Investigacion y Formacion Agraria y Pesquera
(IFAPA), Rancho de la Merced, Junta de Andalucıa, Jerez de la Frontera, Cadiz,
Spain
Vikrant Gupta Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and
Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
Kasım Cemal G€uven Turkish Marine Research Foundation (TUDAV), Beykoz,
Istanbul, Turkey
Mihir Halder Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study, University of
Calcutta, Kolkata, India
Elsa S. Halldorsdottir Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health
Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
Mahmoud Hamzaoui UMR CNRS 7312, Universite de Reims Champagne-
Ardenne, Reims, France
Avtar K. Handa Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Center
for Plant Environmental Stress Physiology, Purdue University, Purdue, IN, USA
Xiaoran Hao National Key Program of Microbiology, Department of Microbiol-
ogy, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
Puziah Hashim Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research
Institute, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Sari J. Himanen Plant Production Research, MTT Agrifood Research Finland,
Mikkeli, Finland
Jarmo K. Holopainen Department of Environmental Science, University of
Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
Emeline Houel UMR ECOFOG, CNRS, Cayenne, France
Melanie-Jayne R. Howes Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew,
Richmond, Surrey, UK
Jane Hubert UMR CNRS 7312, Universite de Reims Champagne-Ardenne,
Reims, France
Ioana Ignat Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection,
“Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
Anja Ilic Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, Center of Pharmacy,
University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Ilaria Ingrosso Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari-CNR, Lecce, Italy
Ana Laura Bemvenuti Jacques Laboratorio de Analises e Pesquisas
Toxicologicas, Departamento de Analises, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande
do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
xxviii List of Contributors
Neelam Jain Laboratory of Bio-Molecular Technology, Department of Botany,
M. L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India
Chelliah Jayabaskaran Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science,
Bangalore, India
Vesna Jerkovic Unite de Brasserie et des Industries Alimentaires, Earth and Life
Institute, Universite catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Sumita Jha Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study, University of
Calcutta, Kolkata, India
Zhong Jin Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin,
China
Humberto C. Joca Departamento de Bioquımica e Imunologia, Instituto de
Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG,
Brazil
Michael Jourdes ISVV, EA 4577 Oenologie, Universite de Bordeaux,
Villenave d’Ornon, France
Karol Michał Kacprzak Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz
University, Poznan, Poland
Daniel Kadow Department of Applied Vegetation Science and Crop Science,
Biozentrum Klein Flottbek, Universit€at Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Ferda Kaleagasıoglu Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine,
Yeditepe University, Kayısdagı, Istanbul, Turkey
Lifeng Kang Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore,
Singapore, Republic of Singapore
Elif Karakas Turkish Marine Research Foundation (TUDAV), Beykoz, Istanbul,
Turkey
Ralf Kellmann Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen,
Norway
Feroz Khan Metabolic and Structural Biology Department, CSIR-Central
Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, UP, India
Mather Ali Khan Division of Plant Sciences, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences
Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
Makoto Kimura Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Gene
Regulation, Department of Biological Mechanisms and Functions, Graduate School
of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
Navneet Kishore Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Study, Banaras
Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
List of Contributors xxix
Yasuyuki Kita College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University,
Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
Mattheos A. G. Koffas Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering,
Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic
Institute, Troy, NY, USA
Mamoru Koketsu Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of
Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
Daniel Krashin Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of
Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Stephanie Krisa ISVV, Groupe d’Etude des Substances Vegetales a Activite
Biologique, EA 3675, Universite de Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
Omer Kucuk Emory University, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
Vaddi Haranath Kumar Product Development, Noven Pharmaceuticals, USA
Laszlo Kursinszki Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University,
Budapest, Hungary
Marie-Aleth Lacaille-Dubois Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, EA 4267 (FDE/
UFC), Faculte de Pharmacie, Universite de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
Gert Laekeman Pharmacotherapy, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven,
Belgium
Virginia Lanzotti Department of Food Science, University of Naples Federico II,
Portici, Naples, Italy
Vincenzo Lattanzio Department of Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environ-
ment, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
Jose H. Leal-Cardoso Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto Superior de Ciencias
Biomedicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
Eva Lemberkovics Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University,
Budapest, Hungary
Kar Wah Leung Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and
Technology, Hong Kong, SAR, China
Dmitri O. Levitsky CNRS UMR 6204, Biotechnologie, Biocatalyse et
Bioregulation, Faculte des Sciences et des Techniques, Universite de Nantes,
Nantes, France
Shu-Ming Li Philipps-Universit€at Marburg, Institut f€ur Pharmazeutische Biologie
und Biotechnologie, Marburg, Germany
Wende Li Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food
Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
xxx List of Contributors
Reinhard Lieberei Department of Applied Vegetation Science and Crop Science,
Biozentrum Klein Flottbek, Universit€at Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Julio Cesar de Lima Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology and
Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto
Alegre, RS, Brazil
Perry Fung Chye Lim Department of Pharmacy, National University of
Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
Renata Pereira Limberger Laboratorio de Analises e Pesquisas Toxicologicas,
Departamento de Analises, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto
Alegre, RS, Brazil
Yuan Lin Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian,
China
Robert J. Linhardt Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center
for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute,
Troy, NY, USA
Xueting Liu Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic
Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing, China
Flavia Cristine Mascia Lopes Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, School of
Medical Sciences, University of Campinas–UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
Marina Lopez-Nogueroles Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of
Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
Hong-Xiang Lou Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharma-
ceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
Siti Machmudah Department of Chemical Engineering, Nagoya University,
Nagoya, Japan
Department of Chemical Engineering, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology,
Surabaya, Indonesia
Zafar Alam Mahmood Colorcon Limited – UK, Dartford Kent, UK
Peter Mai Philipps-Universit€at Marburg, Institut f€ur Pharmazeutische Biologie
und Biotechnologie, Marburg, Germany
Sukanya Majumdar Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study,
University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
Sonia Malik Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia,
Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
List of Contributors xxxi
Santi M. Mandal Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Laboratory Central
Research Facility, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, WB,
India
Job O. Mapesa Biofunctionality Unit, ZIEL – Research Center for Nutrition and
Food Sciences, TU M€unchen, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
Department of Dairy and Food Science and Technology, Egerton University,
Egerton, Kenya
Agri-Food and Nutrition Innovations, Nairobi, Kenya
AndreyMarchev Laboratory of Applied Biotechnologies, Department of Applied
Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian
Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Marıa Aranzazu Martınez Departamento de Toxicologıa y Farmacologıa,
Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Marıa Rosa Martınez-Larranaga Departamento de Toxicologıa y
Farmacologıa, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid,
Madrid, Spain
Nuno Mateus Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chemistry Investiga-
tion Centre (CIQ), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Motoki Matsuda Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology,
Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan
Eitaro Matsumura Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology,
Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan
Helio Nitta Matsuura Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology
and Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS),
Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
M. Matt Laboratoire de Chimie et Methodologie pour l´environnement,
Universite de Metz, Metz, France
Autar K. Mattoo Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, USDA-ARS,
Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA
Jean-Michel Merillon ISVV, Groupe d’Etude des Substances Vegetales a
Activite Biologique, EA 3675, Universite de Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
Silvia Millan Shirota Functional Foods SL, Reus, Spain
Hiromichi Minami Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology,
Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan
M. Hossein Mirjalili Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs
Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
xxxii List of Contributors
Bhuwan B. Mishra Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Study,
Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
Anne-Claire Mitaine-Offer Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, EA 4267
(FDE/UFC), Faculte de Pharmacie, Universite de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
Jean-Pierre Monti ISVV, Groupe d’Etude des Substances Vegetales a Activite
Biologique, EA 3675, Universite de Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
Paulo Roberto H. Moreno Laboratorio de Quımica de Produtos Naturais,
Instituto de Quımica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil
Anne Mortain-Bertrand Universite de Bordeaux 1, INRA, UMR 1332 de
Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Villenave d’Ornon, France
Natalia Murinova Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle,
WA, USA
Brett A. Neilan School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences and
Australian Centre for Astrobiology, University of New South Wales, Sydney,
NSW, Australia
Manuela G. Neuman In Vitro Drug Safety and Biotechnology, Department of
Pharmacology and Toxicology, South Tower of the MaRS Discovery Centre,
University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
T. D. Nikam Department of Botany, University of Pune, Pune, MS, India
Suhas Nimbalkar Atash Seeds Pvt Ltd, Cherlapally Hyderabad, India
Masayuki Ninomiya Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty
of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
K. M. Nitnaware Department of Botany, University of Pune, Pune, MS, India
Fernando Nuez Instituto Universitario de Conservacion y Mejora de la
Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universitat Politecnica de Valencia,
Valencia, Spain
D. Nunez Instituto de Carboquımica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Cientıficas (CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
Olumuyiwa Ogegbo Institute for Health Research and Policy, London Metropol-
itan University, London, UK
Seog Bae Oh National Research Laboratory for Pain, Dental Research Institute
and Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul
National University, Seoul, Korea
Jana Oklest0kova Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacky University and
Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Olomouc, Czech Republic
List of Contributors xxxiii
Elın Soffıa Olafsdottir Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health
Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
Joana Oliveira Departamento de Quımica, Faculdade de Ciencias, Centro de
Investigacao em Quımica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Manuela Oliverio Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”
of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
Syed Haris Omar School of Biomedical Sciences and E.H. Graham Centre for
Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South
Wales, Australia
S. Omarsdottir Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences,
University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
Ilkay Erdogan Orhan Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi
University, Ankara, Turkey
Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern
Mediterranean University, Gazimagosa (Famagusta), The Northern Cyprus, Turkey
Valerie Orsat Bioresource Engineering Department, McGill University,
Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
Amita Pal Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Javier Palazon Laboratori de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmacia,
Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Jiao Pan National Key Program of Microbiology, Department of Microbiology,
College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
Ramesh Prasad Pandey Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Institute of
Biomolecule Reconstruction, College of Health Science, Sun Moon University,
Chungnam, South Korea
Albert Pantaleon Shirota Functional Foods SL, Reus, Spain
J. Pardo Departamento Bioquımica y Biologıa Molecular y Celular, Facultad de
Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
Fundacion Aragon I + D (ARAID), Zaragoza, Spain
Grupo Inmunidad Celular Efectora (ICE), Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de
Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon (INA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza,
Spain
Ali Parsaeimehr G. S. Davtyan Institute of Hydroponics Problems, National
Academy of Sciences Republic of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
xxxiv List of Contributors
Nacho Pasamontes Shirota Functional Foods SL, Reus, Spain
Sonia de Pascual-Teresa Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of
Food Science, Food Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
Nandadevi Patil Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science,
Bangalore, India
Pijush Paul Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
Atanas Pavlov Laboratory of Applied Biotechnologies, Department of Applied
Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Acad-
emy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Department of Organic Chemistry and Microbiology, University of Food Technol-
ogies, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Alison D. Pawlus ISVV, Groupe d’Etude des Substances Vegetales a Activite
Biologique, EA 3675, Universite de Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
Marıa Angeles Pedreno Department of Plant Biology, University of Murcia,
Murcia, Spain
David M. Pereira REQUIMTE/Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Departamento de
Quımica, Faculdade de Farmacia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
M. Perez Instituto de Carboquımica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Cientıficas (CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
Stefan Philipov Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Institute of
Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of
Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
N. M. Pich Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences,
University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
Maria Teresa Pinorini Alpine Institute of Chemistry and Toxicology, Center of
Competence, Alpine Foundation for Life Sciences, Olivone, Switzerland
Karen Ple UMR CNRS 7312, Universite de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims,
France
Olivier Ploux Laboratoire Charles Friedel, Chimie ParisTech, ENSCP, CNRS,
UMR 7223, Paris, France
Valentin I. Popa Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection,
“Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
Diogo Denardi Porto Plant Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Brazilian Agricul-
tural Research Corporation, Bento Goncalves, RS, Brazil
Laurent Pouysegu Institut des Sciences Moleculaires (CNRS-UMR 5255) and
Institut Europeen de Chimie et Biologie, Universite de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
List of Contributors xxxv
Anne Pribat Universite de Bordeaux 1, UMR 1332 de Biologie du Fruit et
Pathologie, Universite de Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
Antonio Procopio Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”
of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
Belen Puertas Instituto de Investigacion y Formacion Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA),
Rancho de la Merced, Junta de Andalucıa, Jerez de la Frontera, Cadiz, Spain
Tabish Qidwai Metabolic and Structural Biology Department, CSIR-Central
Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, UP, India
Hongbin Qiu School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang,
China
Feng Qu State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural
Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and
Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
Stephane Quideau Institut des Sciences Moleculaires (CNRS-UMR 5255) and
Institut Europeen de Chimie et Biologie, Universite de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
Magda Rafecas Laboratory of Bio-Molecular Technology, Department of
Botany, M. L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India
Atta-ur-Rahman H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for
Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
Paulraj Rajamani School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru Univer-
sity, New Delhi, India
Akula Ramakrishna Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Central Food Tech-
nological Research Institute, (Constituent Laboratory of Council of Scientific and
Industrial Research), Mysore, India
Shilpa Ramani Novozymes South Asia Pvt Ltd, Whitefield Bangalore, India
Kishan G. Ramawat Laboratory of Bio-molecular Technology, Department of
Botany, M.L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India
Lucie Rarova Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacky University and Institute
of Experimental Botany ASCR, Olomouc, Czech Republic
Marcus Rattray Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading,
Reading, UK
Gokare Aswathanarayana Ravishankar Plant Cell Biotechnology Department,
Central Food Technological Research Institute, (Constituent Laboratory of Council
of Scientific and Industrial Research), Mysore, India
Luis Octavio Regasini Department of Organic Chemistry, Araraquara Institute of
Chemistry, Sao Paulo State University–UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
xxxvi List of Contributors
Catherine Regnault-Roger Faculte des Sciences et Techniques, UMR UPPA
CNRS 5254 IPREM-EEM, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, Pau, France
Jean-Hugues Renault UMR CNRS 7312, Universite de Reims Champagne-
Ardenne, Reims, France
Donatella Resta HPF Nutraceutics s.r.l., Milan, Italy
Tristan Richard ISVV, Groupe d’Etude des Substances Vegetales a Activite
Biologique, EA 3675, Universite de Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
Jacques Robert INSERM U916, Institut Bergonie, Universite Bordeaux Segalen,
Bordeaux, France
Kelly Cristine da Silva Rodrigues-Correa Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center
for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do
Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Dominique Rolin Universite de Bordeaux 1, INRA, UMR 1332 de Biologie du
Fruit et Pathologie, Universite de Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
Salvador Rosello Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural,
Universitat Jaume I, Castellon, Spain
Winny Routray Bioresource Engineering Department, McGill University,
Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
Manuel Rusconi Alpine Institute of Chemistry and Toxicology, Center of
Competence, Alpine Foundation for Life Sciences, Olivone, Switzerland
Diego Russo Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of
Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
Israel Cıvico Gil de Sa Departamento de Quımica, Universidade Federal de Sao
Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
Ana Belen Sabater-Jara Department of Plant Biology, University of Murcia,
Murcia, Spain
Hojjat Sadeghi-aliabadi Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Phar-
macy and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Isfahan University of
Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Kazim Sahin Department of Animal Nutrition, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
Mohamed Saleem A. Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Phar-
maceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Samina Salim Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
University of Houston, College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, USA
Amparo Salvador Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia,
Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
List of Contributors xxxvii
Maria Teresa Sanchez-Ballesta Department of Characterization, Quality and
Security, Institute of Food Science, Food Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN),
CSIC, Madrid, Spain
Jonathan Santas Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of
Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Angelo Santino Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari-CNR, Lecce, Italy
Ana Paula Santos Instituto Federal de Educacao, Ciencia e Tecnologia de Sao
Paulo, Capivari-SP, Brazil
Elmira Sargsyan G. S. Davtyan Institute of Hydroponics Problems, National
Academy of Sciences Republic of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
Fumihiko Sato Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Totipotency,
Faculty of Agriculture, Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of
Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
Cristiana Sbrana Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, CNR,
Pisa, Italy
Valerie B. Schini-Kerth UMR CNRS 7213 – Laboratoire de Biophotonique et
Pharmacologie, Faculte de Pharmacie, Universite de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
Gabriela Cristina Schmitt Laboratorio de Analises e Pesquisas Toxicologicas,
Departamento de Analises, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto
Alegre, RS, Brazil
David Seigler Department of Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
Susana Selles-Marchart Department of Agrochemistry and Biochemistry,
University of Alicante, Campus Universitario de San Vicente de Raspeig, Alicante,
Spain
F. Sezer Senol Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi
University, Ankara, Turkey
Norbert Sewald Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry,
Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
Ekrem Sezik Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi Univer-
sity, Ankara, Turkey
Ajay Sharma Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, School of Biotechnol-
ogy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Korea
Varsha Sharma Laboratory of Bio-molecular Technology, Department of
Botany, M.L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India
xxxviii List of Contributors
Tao Shen Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
Rakesh K. Shukla Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal
and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
Shruti Shukla Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam Univer-
sity, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Korea
Darizy F. Silva Departamento de Biorregulacao, Instituto de Ciencias da Saude,
Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
Maria Fatima das Gracas Fernandes da Silva Departamento de Quımica,
Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
Henrik Toft Simonsen Department of Plants and Environmental Sciences,
Faculty of Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen,
Frederiksberg, Denmark
Rakesh K. Singh Department of Biochemistry, Banaras Hindu University,
Varanasi, UP, India
Raquel Soares Department of Biochemistry (U38/FCT), Faculty of Medicine,
University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Jae Kyung Sohng Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Institute of
Biomolecule Reconstruction, College of Health Science, Sun Moon University,
Chungnam, South Korea
Arantza Soler Shirota Functional Foods SL, Reus, Spain
Mariana Sottomayor Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), Univer-
sity of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Jeremy P. E. Spencer Molecular Nutrition Group, Centre for Integrative Neuro-
science and Neurodynamics, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University
of Reading, Reading, UK
Krishnapura Srinivasan Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR –
Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India
Smita Srivastava Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology
Madras, Chennai, India
Ashok Kumar Srivastava Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotech-
nology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
C. Neal Stewart Jr. Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee,
Knoxville, TN, USA
List of Contributors xxxix
Didier Stien Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette,
France
Miroslav Strnad Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacky University and
Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Olomouc, Czech Republic
Department of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological
and Agricultural Research, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
Yoshiko Sugita-Konishi Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health
Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
Eva Szoke Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Budapest,
Hungary
Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali,
Universita di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
Shinichi Takaichi Department of Biology, Nippon Medical School, Kawasaki,
Japan
Marco Taurino Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari-CNR, Lecce, Italy
Pierre-Louis Teissedre ISVV, EA 4577 Oenologie, Universite de Bordeaux,
Villenave d’Ornon, France
Alexander O. Terent’ev N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian
Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Emeline Teyssier Universite de Bordeaux 1, INRA, UMR 1332 de Biologie du
Fruit et Pathologie, Universite de Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
Vinod Kumar Tiwari Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Study,
Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
So Ha Ton School of Science, Monash University Sunway Campus Jalan Lagoon
Selatan, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Wang-Yu Tong Integrated Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Health
Science, School of Life Science, Anhui University, Hefei, China
Andrea Trescot Algone Pain Center, Wasilla, AK, USA
Jocelyne Tremouillaux-Guiller University F. Rabelais, Tours, France
Patrıcia Valentao REQUIMTE/Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Departamento de
Quımica, Faculdade de Farmacia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Josep Valls Shirota Functional Foods SL, Reus, Spain
Montse Vaque Shirota Functional Foods SL, Reus, Spain
David Vauzour Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, Faculty of
Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
xl List of Contributors
Juan Carlos Vera-Urbina Department of Agrochemistry and Biochemistry,
University of Alicante, Campus Universitario de San Vicente de Raspeig, Alicante,
Spain
Paulo Cezar Vieira Departamento de Quımica, Universidade Federal de Sao
Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
Susana Vinaixa Shirota Functional Foods SL, Reus, Spain
Arnold Vlietinck Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Analysis,
University of Antwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium
Irina Volf Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection,
“Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
James J. De Voss School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The Univer-
sity of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
Pierre Waffo-Teguo ISVV, Groupe d’Etude des Substances Vegetales a Activite
Biologique, EA 3675, Universite de Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
LiWang Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
Xiao-Ning Wang Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharma-
ceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
Zheng-Tao Wang The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for
Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Traditional Chinese Materia
Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
Corinna Weitzel Department of Plants and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of
Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen,
Frederiksberg, Denmark
Helmut Wiedenfeld Pharmazeutisches Institut der Universit€at, Bonn, Germany
Robert J. Williams Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of
Bath, Bath, UK
Chun-Feng Xie College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular
Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
Xiaonan Xie Weed Science Center, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
Xiao-Hua Xu Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University,
Tianjin, China
Dongmei Ye Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian,
China
College of Medicine, Chifeng University, Inner Mongolia, China
List of Contributors xli
Afsaneh Yegdaneh Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and
Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical
Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Takao Yokota Department of Biosciences, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, Japan
Kaori Yoneyama Weed Science Center, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya,
Japan
Koichi Yoneyama Weed Science Center, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya,
Japan
Sammer Yousuf H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for
Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
J. S. Yuan Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M
University, College Station, TX, USA
Jinlan Zhang State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of
Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
Lixin Zhang Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic
Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing, China
Qiang Zhang School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang,
China
Xinhuai Zhao Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Ministry of Education,
Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilong-
jiang, China
Xudong Zhu National Key Program of Microbiology, Department of Microbiol-
ogy, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
xlii List of Contributors