Natural Gas

Natural Gas

What is Natural GasNatural Gas: - A flammable material made from carbon and

hydrogen formed in short chains. A nonrenewable fuel.

eg. Methane, Propane

How is it made?- Created when plant and animal bodies are exposed to high pressure and temperature for thousands of years

Natural Gas

What do we use it for?-Heating (hot water tanks, etc.)-Cooking-Generate electricity-Vehicle Fuel-Manufacture plastics

Who Extracts it? (in cubic meter)

•

Sources of Natural GasCoal Beds: Layers of rock that contain layers of coal. Coal = carbon fossilized

Shale Beds: Trapped in shale rock

Methane Clathrates: A solid compound made from a crystal that holds methane inside it.

Processes that make natural gas

1) Biogenic: (Bio = living, Genic = Made) Made from organisms, mainly bacteria and algae.

- Sewage, Bogs, Marshes, Composts

2) Thermogenic:

Processes that make natural gas

1) Biogenic: (Bio = living, Genic = Made) Made from organisms, mainly bacteria.

- Sewage, Bogs, Marshes, Composts

2) Thermogenic: Made from thousand year old dead animals and plants buried under layers of rocks under high pressure and temperature

Processing Natural Gas

Processing: Removal of impurities leaving almost pure methane behind which is sold as natural gasProducts that are released during processing:- Butane- Pentanes- Hydrogen sulfides- Carbon dioxide- Water- Helium

Shale Beds and Fracking

Shale

Shale: A layers of mud and clay that was hardened over thousands of years. Where many fossils are found

Shale Gas: Refers to the gas stuck in the layers of shale

Shale Gas and Hydraulic Fracking

Removal of Gas from ShaleNaturally: Releasing gas trapped in shale can be released by the natural fracturing of the shale layer. Artificially: Hydraulic Fracturing is used to break the layers of shale and release the gas. Methods commonly used in Canada and the US

Hydraulic Fracturing

Hydraulic Fracturing: Breaking layers of shale to release the trapped natural gasSteps:1) Locate shale beds2) Set up a drilling rig3) Drill to the shale layer

Hydraulic Fracturing

Hydraulic Fracturing: Breaking layers of shale to release the trapped natural gasSteps:1) Locate shale beds2) Set up a drilling rig3) Drill to the shale layer4) Angle the drill so that it runs down the shale

strip5) Remove the drill and insert a pipe down the

length of the hole

Hydraulic Fracturing

Hydraulic Fracturing: Breaking layers of shale to release the trapped natural gasSteps:1) Locate shale beds2) Set up a drilling rig3) Drill to the shale layer4) Angle the drill so that it runs down the shale strip5) Remove the drill and insert a pipe down the

length of the hole6) Insert a perforating devise that breaks holes in

the end of the pipe

Hydraulic Fracturing

Hydraulic Fracturing: Breaking layers of shale to release the trapped natural gasSteps:1) Locate shale beds2) Set up a drilling rig3) Drill to the shale layer4) Angle the drill so that it runs down the shale strip5) Remove the drill and insert a pipe down the length of the

hole6) Insert a perforating devise that breaks holes in the end of

the pipe7) Force a mix of water, sand and chemicals into the line and

out the holes8) Water pressure breaks shale and releases trapped gas

How is Natural Gas made by living organisms:

Algae Fuel: Algae are used to produce methane, Vegetable oil, Biodiesel, Bioethanol and Biogasoline.

Benefits:-Can grow on land no suitable for other uses-Low impact on fresh water supply-Does produce CO2 but also uses CO2 to grow algae

Assignment

QuestionsNext class: Gas Land