Natural Environments of Natural Environments of EuropeEuropeCh. 13Ch. 13

Europe--A peninsula of peninsulasEurope--A peninsula of peninsulas

ScandinavianScandinavian IberianIberian ItalianItalian JutlandJutland BalkanBalkan

United Kingdom:United Kingdom:• WalesWales• England England • ScotlandScotland• Northern IrelandNorthern Ireland

I. Physical FeaturesI. Physical Features

Landforms (see p.291):Landforms (see p.291):• Northwest HighlandsNorthwest Highlands• Northern European PlainNorthern European Plain• Central UplandsCentral Uplands• Alpine Mtns. Alpine Mtns.

Northwest HighlandsNorthwest Highlands• Glaciers (c. 2 mill. – 10,000 yrs. ago) Glaciers (c. 2 mill. – 10,000 yrs. ago) • Fjords Fjords

Western Upland = Northwest Highlands

N.Euro.Lowland=N.Euro.Plain

Northern European Plain:Northern European Plain:

Western Upland = Northwest Highlands

N.Euro.Lowland=N.Euro.Plain

Central Uplands:Central Uplands:• Massif Central Massif Central

Western Upland = Northwest Highlands

N.Euro.Lowland=N.Euro.Plain

Alpine Mountain System:Alpine Mountain System:• AlpsAlps

Passable?Passable?

• Carpathian Carpathian • ApenninesApennines• Pyrenees Pyrenees

Western Upland = Northwest Highlands

N.Euro.Lowland=N.Euro.Plain

Western Upland = Northwest Highlands

N.Euro.Lowland=N.Euro.Plain

The IJselmeer DamThe IJselmeer Dam

Polders of the Netherlands:Polders of the Netherlands:• 1) build dikes1) build dikes• 2) use windmills to pump water out thru 2) use windmills to pump water out thru

canalscanals• 3) plants/reeds grow (burned)3) plants/reeds grow (burned)• 4) create farmland (polders) 4) create farmland (polders)

WaterWater Mediterranean Sea connected Mediterranean Sea connected

to the Black Sea (Bosporus) to the Black Sea (Bosporus) Arctic OceanArctic Ocean North SeaNorth Sea Baltic Sea (freezes in winter)Baltic Sea (freezes in winter) Natural harborsNatural harbors Navigable rivers Navigable rivers

CanalsCanals

RiversRivers

Rhine & Danube Rhine & Danube

II. Climates & BiomesII. Climates & Biomes

Climates:Climates:• Marine west Marine west

coastcoast• Humid Humid

continentalcontinental• Mediterranean Mediterranean

Latitude = Climate?Latitude = Climate?

The North Atlantic Drift = Warm H2O: The North Atlantic Drift = Warm H2O:

III. Natural ResourcesIII. Natural Resources

Forests?Forests? Loess?Loess? Alluvial?Alluvial?

Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

Ag. productivity amongAg. productivity among

highest in worldhighest in world Ag. in former USSR Ag. in former USSR

countries? countries?

Energy & ResourcesEnergy & Resources

Must rely on Must rely on

mineral importsmineral imports

--Ruhr coal field--Ruhr coal field

North Sea OilNorth Sea Oil

HydroelectricityHydroelectricity Tidal & solar Tidal & solar Geothermal Geothermal Nuclear Nuclear

Nuclear Power Plants of the WorldNuclear Power Plants of the World

SealandSealand