Natural Disasters

INTRODUCTION ANA Good morning! Today our group will present you our project work about natural disasters. INDEX ANADuring our presentation we will refer:- The definition of natural disasters;- (We also will talk about) The five worst natural disasters of all time;- Some natural disasters as earthquakes, hurricanes, tsunamis and others;- (We will give some examples about) How to recover from a natural disaster?- (And finally, we will show you two) Videos.

Natural Disasters: Definition and some general ideas ANA So, to start a natural disaster is a main adverse event resulting from natural processes of the Earth; examples include floods, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, and other geologic processes. Natural disasters happen all over the world, although they are caused by nature and there is nothing that we can do to prevent them happening, there are many different natural causes that lead to natural disasters. A natural disaster can cause loss of life or property damage, and typically leaves some economic damages. The severity of which depends on the affected population's resilience, or ability to recover. An adverse event will not rise to the level of a disaster if it occurs in an area without vulnerable population. In a vulnerable area, however, such as San Francisco, an earthquake can have disastrous consequences and leave lasting damage, requiring years to repair.

DEVELOPING OF THE TOPICS PEDRO: Now we are going to present you some of the most catastrophic disasters in history. I will start with

5. India CycloneOn 1839, what became known as the "India Cyclone" hit the harbor village of Coringa, located in India. The cyclone triggered a 40-foot-wave that destroyed much of the village and most of the ships near the area, with about 20,000 people drowning at sea. An estimated total of 300,000 people died because of the cyclone.LAURA:

4. Bhola CycloneThe deadliest cyclone ever recorded, the Bhola cyclone struck East Pakistan (what is now Bangladesh) and India's West Bengal on 1970, flooding much of the low-lying islands of the Ganges Delta. Approximately 500,000 people died, primarily because of the floods that resulted from the cyclone's storm surge, or a rise in water level that overtakes the shore.SARA: 3. Shaanxi EarthquakeIn 1556, the deadliest earthquake ever recorded occurred in the Shaanxi province and the neighboring Shanxi province, located in northern China. The catastrophic earthquake had an estimated magnitude of 8 and killed approximately 830,000 people. This death toll is believed to have reduced the population of both provinces by about 60 percent.ANA: 2. Yellow River FloodThe Yellow River Flood, the worst flood in human history and the second deadliest disaster ever, occurred in September 1887, when the Yellow River overran the dikes in China's Henan Province. The flood devastated 11 large Chinese towns and hundreds of villages, leaving millions homeless. The flood waters covered 50,000 square miles, killing an estimated 900,000 to 2,000,000 people.LAURA: 1. Central China FloodsThe worst natural disaster in history, the Central China Floods occurred from July to August 1931, when the Yangtze River overflowed and caused a series of floods. As a result of the massive flooding, an estimated 3.7 million people died from drowning, disease and starvation. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, more than 51 million people, or one-fourth of China's population, were affected by the Central China Floods.But better than listen this is seeing with your eyes so, to complement this top we will show will a video about this, the video shows some of other tragic disasters provoked by the nature.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QfmRf8iOBkI&spfreload=10

LAURA:Just for you have an idea, in 2012 there were 905 natural disasters worldwide, 93% of which were weather-related disasters. Overall costs were incalculable. 2012 was a moderate year.

More about some natural disasters:a. Earthquakes - SARAOne of the most frightening and destructive phenomenon of nature is an earthquake and its terrible aftereffects. An earthquake is the sudden, rapid shaking of the earth, caused by the breaking and shifting of subterranean rock as it releases strain that has accumulated over a long time.For hundreds of millions of years, the forces of plate tectonics have shaped the earth, as the huge plates that form the earths surface slowly move over, under and past each other. Sometimes, the movement is gradual. At other times, the plates are locked together, unable to release accumulated energy. When the accumulated energy grows strong enough, the plates break free. If the earthquake occurs in a populated area, it may cause many deaths and injuries and extensive property damage.b. Hurricanes PEDROA hurricane is a type of tropical cyclone or severe tropical storm that forms in the southern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and in the eastern Pacific Ocean. A typical cyclone is accompanied by thunderstorms, and in the Northern Hemisphere, by the counterclockwise circulation of winds near the earths surface.Hurricanes can cause catastrophic damage to coastlines and several hundred miles inland.

c. Tsunamis PEDROTsunamis also known as seismic sea waves (mistakenly called tidal waves), are a series of enormous waves created by an underwater disturbance such as an earthquake, landslide, volcanic eruption, or meteorite. A tsunami can move hundreds of miles per hour in the open ocean and smash into land with waves as high as 100 feet or more.From the area where the tsunami originates, waves travel outward in all directions. Once the wave approaches the shore, it builds in height. SARAThe topography of the coastline and the ocean floor will influence the size of the wave. There may be more than one wave and the succeeding one may be larger than the one before. That is why a small tsunami at one beach can be a giant wave a few miles away.All tsunamis are potentially dangerous, even though they may not damage every coastline they strike. The most destructive tsunamis have occurred along the coasts of California, Oregon, Washington, Alaska and Hawaii.d. Drought LAURAA drought is a long period of dry weather that causes some serious problems like crop damage, a shortage of water, fire and dust. I'm not talking a week or two without rain. I'm talking about a few months or even some years. A drought isn't determined by the number of days that go by. It depends on the amount of moisture before and after the dry period and the length and size of the area without water.If it doesn't rain for a while, farmers and cities can be in some serious trouble. Nobody can wash their cars, water their lawn or take long showers. People and animals start dying of thirst and large areas are destroyed by dust storms or fires. How to recover from a natural disaster?SARANatural disasters, in the form of humanitarian emergencies like floods and cyclones, have a severe impact on the lives of many women, children and families around the world. These emergency situations result when a sudden disaster overwhelms the ability of the affected population to respond. In many countries around the world, local authorities struggle to rebuild basic infrastructure and respond to the survival, development and protection needs of the affected population. PEDROWhen natural disasters strike, UNICEF is on the ground immediately in response to its mandate to protect and assist childrens and womens rights and development.As UNICEF there are various institutions that act in order to help the victims of these incidents, trying to support them and help them to recuperate the slightest conditions to restart their lives.ANA: And this is the end of our project work. To conclude we will let you listen a song by Beyonc that was relationated with our theme once it was about the humanitarian causes. We hope that you enjoyed it!https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i41qWJ6QjPI&spfreload=10

PROJECT WORK GROUP: Ana Filipa, n 46, 11 B; Laura Magalhes, n549, 11 B; Pedro Coroado, n 723, 11 B; Sara Cruz, n 758, 11 B;