Natural Disasters and Urban Areas · Groundwater Overdraft Subsidence in the San Joaquin Valley:...
Transcript of Natural Disasters and Urban Areas · Groundwater Overdraft Subsidence in the San Joaquin Valley:...
Natural Disasters and Urban Areas
Chapter 16 and 29 Big Ideas
January 2017
Global Ecology / Environmental Science AP
New Orleans & Katrina: Intro. case study –
Given(beyond) the Cat. 5 - -down to Cat. 3 hurricane of Aug. 29, 2005, describe four major factors which contributed to the severity of this event
Katrina: Drive-Thru Redefined
1. Common denominators of especially destructive natural events:p. 320 left column
2. The major reason why the economic costs of environmental disasters (overall) are increasing?
3. They are now considered the most deadly of all weather-related hazards.
4. Describe two natural service
functions of natural flooding
(in a floodplain):
5. Describe subsidence:
6. Identify a major cause of
subsidence:
Groundwater OverdraftSubsidence in the
San Joaquin Valley:
-1925 to 1977-When the well is dry*, we learn the
worth of water. - Ben Franklin
*… when the well/aquifer(s) becomes drier …?
Joe Poland, USGS scientist shows subsidence from 1925
– 1977, 10 miles southwest of Mendota, CA. Sign reads
"San Joaquin Valley California, BM S661, Subsidence 9M,
1925-1977" From USGS Professional Paper 1401-A,
"Ground water in the Central Valley, California- A summary
report“. - Photo by Dick Ireland, USGS, 1977
7. Describe a levee:
(relate to the
“Great Levees Race”)
8. Describe two potential drawbacks to levees:
9. The primary reason for sea level rise (given warming due to some change) is:
10. Describe the “Fall Line”:
11. (a.) Approximate percentage of world population living in cities “today”: (Nat Geo 3 min. video; next slide reminder)
(b.) Approximate percentage of world pop. living in cities in 1800:
12. “Megacity” defined: B/K: ______ ;
also commonly cited: _______
13. The first megacity:
14. Approximate number of
megacities/metroplexes:
8 million acceptable; often noted as 10 million –
-- either = fine
Megacities
Tokyo, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Jakarta,
Seoul, Delhi, Mexico City, Karachi,
Manila, NY, Sao Paulo, Mumbai,
Beijing, LA, Osaka, Moscow, Dhaka,
Cairo, Kolkata, London, Buenos Aires,
Bangkok, Istanbul, Lagos, Tehran, Rio
de Janeiro, Shenzhen, Paris, Tianjin
15. The “City” as a system: linear metabolism, circular metabolism and sustainability:
16. The “site” and
the“situation” of a city:
Site: sum of ALL environmental features
(e.g. of features …?)
Situation: placement w/ respect to
surroundings
17. Major challenges facing most
large cities:
18. The urban heat island effect -and-
ways to potentially reduce tis
phenomenon
19. In addition to the
Urban Heat Island Effect, cities often bring about a variety of other environmental changes.
Describe 12 (3 would be fine) of these:
20. How can cities affect the hydrologic cycle?
a. ↓ I & P …. ↓ GW recharge
b. SPM as CN … Precip. ………? Change ?
21. Combined vs. Separate
“Sewage”/Stormwater Systems
(as previously stated, this tends to be
one of the sexier topics in the course);
-Pro(s) of Combined; of Separate
-Con(s) of Combined; of Separate
previously came up in the course: p. 648, Ch. 30
(Avg. annual rainfall/precip……
LA = 14 in., Seattle = 37 in., Boston = 42 in.,
Miami = 62 in., Baton Rouge = 62 in.)
-Other approaches: Ian McHarg
and the Woodlands, Texas case
study (I.M’s. label for such an approach
…?)
Design with Nature
Land Use:
how to regulate the way in
which land is used?
For Cities, this is typically done
via ?
Zoning Laws
The Most Visited Urban Park
in the United States:
approx. 840 acres
An 1858 “Design a Park” contest
Cal Vaux & FLO
FLO, Jr.
Masterplanner for PVE
… you probably knew that …